Purpose: To quantify peripapillary microvasculature within the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal eyes, determine association of perfusion parameters with structural and functional measures, and report diagnostic accuracy of perfusion parameters. Patients and methods: POAG and normal patients underwent 6×6 mm2 optic nerve head scans (Angioplex optical coherence tomography angiography [OCTA]; Cirrus HD-OCT 5000) and Humphrey Field Analyzer II-i 24-2 visual field (VF) testing. Prototype software performed semiautomatic segmentation to create RNFL en face images and quantified vessel area density (VAD), vessel skeleton density (VSD), and vessel complexity index (VCI) in the optic ...

Purpose: To assess the reproducibility of quantitative morphometrical evaluation of the choriocapillaris imaged with swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). Subjects and methods: This observational, cross-sectional case series included 35 eyes of healthy individuals and 32 eyes of 32 patients. Two images of the fovea were taken using SS-OCTA with 3×3 mm squares. Images of the choriocapillaris within 800×800 pixel squares centered at the fovea were analyzed morphometrically using open-source software “AngioTool” that applies a Gaussian recursive filter and multiscale Hessian enhancement. This program’s vessel thickness and intensity parameters can be changed to aid vessel detection. We ...

Purpose: To compare the agreement and efficiency of a swept source-optical coherence tomography biometer, IOLMaster 700 (IOLM700), and a low-coherence optical reflectometry biometer, LENSTAR LS 900 (LS900), when acquiring biometry measurements during cataract evaluation. Methods: A retrospective chart review of biometry measurements that were performed in 64 eyes of 32 patients on the same day using the LS900 and the IOLM700. The total image acquisition time per subject was compared between the two machines using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Bland–Altman plots showing the mean difference and 95% limits of agreement were graphed. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for ...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize a pilot program using e-health to monitor glaucoma suspects in a large integrated health system. Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients enrolled in the first 2 years of a new glaucoma suspect telemedicine monitoring program was conducted. Patients were enrolled in the program after being diagnosed as glaucoma suspects in the regular clinic setting and were eligible for the program if they had better than 20/40 vision, intraocular pressure (IOP) <25 mmHg, a normal baseline visual field, and an optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) without ...

Purpose: To evaluate microvascular changes in the macular area of eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) without macular involvement (macula-on RRD) using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). Patients and methods: Five patients with macula-on RRD were eligible for analysis. All patients underwent SS-OCTA examination (Triton) for the macular area. The healthy fellow eyes were included as controls. The vessel density (VD) was calculated using binarization, and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was measured. The VD and FAZ area were compared between the eyes with RRD and the fellow eyes using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The patients’ clinical ...

Background: Spirometry confers limited value for identifying small-airway disorders (SADs) in early-stage COPD, which can be detected with impulse oscillometry (IOS) and endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT). Whether IOS is useful for reflecting small-airway morphological abnormalities in COPD remains unclear. Objectives: To compare the diagnostic value of spirometry and IOS for identifying SADs in heavy-smokers and COPD based on the objective assessment with EB-OCT. Methods: We recruited 59 COPD patients (stage I, n=17; stage II, n=18; stage III–IV, n=24), 26 heavy-smokers and 21 never-smokers. Assessments of clinical characteristics, spirometry, IOS and EB-OCT were performed. Receiver operation ...

Purpose: To investigate optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics in diabetic macular edema (DME) over time and after treatment. Patients and methods: OCT morphological features in DME eyes treated with ranibizumab with at least 1 year of follow-up were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Thirty-five eyes were included. From baseline to Month 12, mean visual gain was 7.2±13.6 letters and mean central retinal thickness reduction was 61.9±121.8 µm. Fovea-involving ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption was significantly associated with final vision of <70 letters. Subretinal fluid at baseline was present only in eyes naïve to previous intravitreal pharmacotherapy ...

Purpose: To compare the central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements in subjects with corneal edema using ultrasound pachymetry, Visante anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (OCT), Cirrus OCT, and Pentacam Scheimpflug camera tomography. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 46 eyes of 33 patients with corneal edema and a CCT exceeding 550 μm evaluated by ultrasound pachymetry, Visante OCT, Cirrus OCT, and Pentacam. Two observers measured each eye twice. Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility were determined and agreement among the devices calculated. Results: CCT was measured in 40 eyes of 29 patients. Regardless of the CCT, the measurements obtained using Visante OCT, Cirrus CCT ...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to show the potential applicability of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for the evaluation of the peripheral fitting of fully scleral contact lenses. Methods: A pilot study was proposed fitting three different scleral contact lenses (Irregular Corneal Design [ICD]) with different sagittal heights (4200, 4800, and 5600 mm) in a healthy volunteer of 27 years old. We evaluated by means of optical coherence tomography (OCT, DRI Triton) the apical clearance achieved with each of the three lenses fitted. The impact over scleral flow was assessed with the OCTA module of the same device ...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) as an adjunctive device for peripheral synechiolysis in a post-penetrating keratoplasty patient. Case report: A 75-year-old female patient presented for follow-up 9 months after a penetrating keratoplasty in the left eye. She presented with anterior peripheral synechiae involving the graft for three clock hours. Peripheral native cornea appeared totally opaque. Synechiolysis was planned, and intraoperative OCT allowed us to detect nonclinically visible synechiae and to confirm complete synechiolysis immediately after surgery. No postoperative complication was recorded. Two months after surgery, the graft was clear and anterior ...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by both inflammatory and degenerative components that affect genetically susceptible individuals. Currently, the cause of MS remains unclear, and there is no known cure. Commonly used therapies tend to target inflammatory aspects of MS, but may not halt disease progression, which may be governed by the slow, subclinical accumulation of injury to neuroaxonal structures in the central nervous system (CNS). A recognized challenge in the field of MS relates to the need for better methods of detecting, quantifying, and ameliorating the effects of subclinical disease. Simply stated, better biomarkers are required ...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of three different corneal refractive surgeries: microkeratome laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and femtosecond small incision lenticule extraction (FS-SMILE) on 6-month postoperative stability of tear film to provide a basis for selection of operative procedures. Patients and methods: This is a prospective, randomized, comparative study that included 90 eyes of three equal groups of patients. Each group was subjected to a different laser technique: LASIK, FS-LASIK and FS-SMILE. Using anterior segment spectral domain optical coherence tomography (AS-SD-OCT), the lower tear meniscus parameters were ...

Purpose: To analyze choroidal thickness (CT) of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), type 2 DM and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study included 144 eyes of 72 pregnant women in the third trimester divided into four groups: 27 non-diabetic pregnant women; 15 pregnant women with GDM; 16 with type 2 DM and 14 with type 1 DM. CT was measured using optical coherence tomography at ten different locations. We also analyzed possible confounding factors, such as gestational age, glycosylated hemoglobin, time from DM diagnosis, hypertension and severity of ...

Purpose: To evaluate the ability of enhanced-depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to detect vascular signals inside the glaucomatous optic disc. Patients and methods: Ten glaucomatous eyes of 8 subjects and 11 nonglaucomatous eyes of 7 subjects underwent EDI and conventional OCTA for optic disc analysis. The optic disc vessel density (VD) at maximum scan depth (2 mm) was compared between the 2 methods and between glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous eyes. Regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting disc VD. Results: The median (25th, 75th percentile) of the visual field mean deviation was –20.5 (–25.1 ...

Importance: The paper presents the range for measurements taken with a new spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) device to establish a reference database for discrimination purposes. Objective: To report the range of thickness values for the new Topcon Maestro 3D OCT device with 2 scan size settings: the 12×9 mm wide field and 6×6 mm scans. Design: Prospective, multicenter cohort study conducted at 7 clinical sites across the USA. Setting: Primary eyecare clinics within academic, hospital, and private practice locations. Participants: Healthy volunteers; all enrolled participants underwent a complete ophthalmological examination to confirm healthy ocular status prior ...

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between axial length (AL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) profile and to characterize differences in optical coherence tomography RNFL of myopic glaucomatous eyes compared to nonglaucomatous eyes. Methods: Retrospective chart review of 170 eyes of 89 subjects with optical biometry and optical coherence tomography RNFL assessment was conducted. Results: Temporal RNFL thickness showed no association with AL in either glaucomatous or nonglaucomatous eyes. Nasal thinning was most strongly associated with glaucoma in myopic eyes. Both myopic glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous eyes had a mean RNFL thickness of 16–22 µm thinner than mean RNFL thickness ...

Purpose: To analyze, using optical coherence tomography, the macular thickness values of patient groups using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) eye drops or artificial tears during uncomplicated cataract surgery. Methods: A total of 77 eyes from 42 patients were analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups, each using one of the following ophthalmic sterile suspensions: nepafenac (21 eyes), propylene glycol (24 eyes), or ketorolac tromethamine (32 eyes). Results: The mean macular thicknesses of the nepafenac group, preoperatively as well as at 1, 7, and 45 days postoperatively, were 216.42, 216.61, 222.47, and 218.28, respectively; those of ...

Purpose: The aim of this study is to generate reference values for anterior chamber morphometrics to facilitate the interpretation of anterior chamber images acquired with swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in a Caucasian population. Materials and methods: Non-glaucomatous Caucasian subjects, who were newly referred to the outpatient department of the University Eye Clinic Maastricht UMC+, were asked to undergo anterior segment assessment with SS-OCT imaging prior to routine eye examination (including visual acuity and refractive error measurements, Goldmann applanation tonometry, slit lamp examination and funduscopy). Results: A total of 647 Caucasian subjects, aged 40–80 years, were included. Mean age ...

Purpose: To evaluate the hypotenuse of the vertical optic nerve head cup (HVOC), measured using the length and depth of the cup obtained with enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT), as a biomarker for glaucoma diagnosis. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of patients with glaucoma and controls. SD-OCT was performed in all participants to assess average circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. A vertical B-scan of the optic nerve head (ONH) was obtained for HVOC measurement. The length and depth of the optic nerve cup formed the sides of a right triangle that were used ...

Synopsis: In optical coherence tomography angiography, the choroidal vascular flow rate in choroidal melanoma is significantly lower than that in choroidal nevus. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the choriocapillaris and retinal features imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in eyes with choroidal nevus from small malignant choroidal melanoma. Methods: In this retrospective, noninvasive, observational study, 11 patients diagnosed with small choroidal mass (five with choroidal nevus and six with malignant melanoma) who underwent dilated fundus examination, ocular ultrasonography and OCTA images were compared. Results: In choroidal nevus of all patients, OCTA demonstrated a hyporeflective mass ...

Purpose: To map and view the effects of age, gender, and axial length on seven individual retinal layers around the optic nerve head (ONH). Methods: We scanned 242 healthy patients using the Spectralis spectral domain optical coherence tomography in an outpatient setting. The layers were observed on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study sectors using the standard Spectralis Family Acquisition Module 6.0.11.0. The center was the ONH, the inner circle (IC) was 1–3 mm away, and the outer circle (OC) was 3–6 mm away. The seven layers were retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell ...

Changes in macular thickness measurements in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) are thought to reflect disease activity, and can be used to guide treatment with antiangiogenic agents. 1 Both spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and the more recently introduced swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) have onboard segmentation algorithms that deliver automated retinal thickness measurements. Agreement between OCT derived macular thickness measurements is critical for monitoring of patients if these modalities are to be used interchangeably. This prospective cross-sectional study sought to determine the limits of agreement between SD-OCT (Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering) and SS-OCT (DRI OCT-1 Atlantis; Topcon Medical Systems) in ...

... Purpose: This study evaluated the outcomes of surgical cystotomy for recurrent diabetic cystoid macular edema (CME). Patients and methods: We analyzed 20 eyes with a clinical diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and refractory CME. Release of vitreoretinal adhesion, epiretinal membrane (ERM) and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and cystotomy guided by intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) were performed in every patient. Pars plana vitrectomy was also performed in 17 patients, 11 of whom also underwent lensectomy and intraocular lens implantation. Central retinal thickness (CRT), central minimum macular thickness (CMMT), macular volume (MV) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were compared preoperatively and ...

Introduction: Image-based early detection for diabetic retinopathy (DR) needs value addition due to lack of well-defined disease-specific quantitative imaging biomarkers (QIBs) for neuroretinal degeneration and spectropathological information at the systemic level. Retinal neurodegeneration is an early event in the pathogenesis of DR. Therefore, development of an integrated assessment method for detecting neuroretinal degeneration using spectropathology and QIBs is necessary for the early diagnosis of DR. Methods: The present work explored the efficacy of intensity and textural features extracted from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images after selecting a specific subset of features for the precise classification of retinal layers using variants ...