Purpose: To evaluate the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell complex, and macular thickness as well as their correlation with the severity of diseases. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study and comparing both eyes of 26 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, 25 patients with Parkinson disease (PD), and 23 healthy subjects. RNFL, ganglion cell complex, and macular thickness were measured and analyzed with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in all cases and correlation with severity of the disease was assessed in PD group. Results: The mean RNFL of PD was significantly thinner compared with controls (P=0 ...

Purpose: To elucidate patterns of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) defects by Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT) and examine the spatial relationship between GCIPL defect and visual field (VF) defect patterns. Methods: A total of 116 eyes of 116 normal subjects and 111 eyes of 111 glaucoma patients were included. The 227 study subjects underwent Cirrus OCT imaging in macular cube mode and reliable standard VF testing. Two ophthalmologists blindly classified GCIPL defect patterns and VF defects. The frequency distribution of GCIPL defect patterns and spatial relationships between GCIPL defects and VF defects were investigated. Results: GCIPL defect patterns ...

Images in CAD

Background: Although it is known that in-stent restenosis (ISR) patterns appear homogeneous or nonhomogeneous by optical coherence tomography (OCT), interpretations of the ISR inflammatory response, of the OCT image, and its pathological implications are unclear. The aim of this study was to use OCT to characterize ISR and its inflammatory index in patients after coronary stenting. Methods: OCT was performed at follow-up in 100 angiographic ISR lesions. ISR lesions were divided into two groups: (a) homogeneous (n=48) and (b) nonhomogeneous (n=52) image groups. We assessed the ISR images produced by OCT for tissue heterogeneity and neo-intimal hyperplasia using ...

Purpose: To describe distinct enhanced depth optical coherence tomography patterns of sclerochoroidal calcification and their correlation to clinical features. Methods: Retrospective chart review of 67 eyes of 46 patients with spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging. Results: The mean patient age at diagnosis was 68 years. There were 20 (43%) men and 26 (57%) women of white (n = 45, 98%) or Hispanic (n = 1, 2%) heritage. The most prominent sclerochoroidal calcification lesions were located in the superotemporal quadrant (n = 57, 85%) between the temporal arcades and the equator (n = 58, 87%). On enhanced depth optical coherence tomography, the sclerochoroidal calcification ...

Purpose: To compare various spectral domain optical coherence tomography scan patterns and review strategies to identify an optimal imaging workflow for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Methods: A retrospective consecutive case series was performed in eyes after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration with concurrent spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging (Zeiss Cirrus), including horizontal/vertical five-line rasters, and macular cube analysis. For each scan pattern, a single report was independently reviewed in a masked fashion within the clinical image review software, whereas the cube was reviewed line-by-line in the reader software for the presence of fluid ...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare repeatability and agreement of stromal bed thickness (SBT) measurements with intraoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and ultrasound pachymetry (USP). Methods: The SBT was measured in 14 eyes of 14 patients during femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Intraoperative SD-OCT was positioned on the eye to acquire images after creation of LASIK flaps. Patients were then asked to sit in front of a swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) for measurements. Subsequently, LASIK flaps were lifted and SBT was measured with USP. Three readings were obtained with each instrument. Repeatability of ...

Purpose: To demonstrate the evolution and treatment response of Type 3 neovascularization using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 40 eyes treated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for Type 3 neovascularization over a variable follow-up period. Results: In 17 eyes, spectral domain optical coherence tomography captured the development of Type 3 neovascularization from punctate hyperreflective foci that preceded any outer retinal defect. The more mature Type 3 lesions were associated with outer retinal disruption and adjacent cystoid macular edema. In addition, 37 of 40 Type 3 lesions (93%) were associated with an underlying pigment epithelial ...

Images in coronary artery disease.

Purpose: To report the features of Fourier domain optical coherence tomography imaging of the normal punctum and vertical canaliculus. Methods: Prospective, interventional series of consecutive healthy and asymptomatic adults, who volunteered for optical coherence tomography imaging, were included in the study. Fourier domain optical coherence tomography images of the punctum and vertical canaliculus along with 3D and En face images were captured using the RTVue scanner with a corneal adaptor module and a wide-angled lens. Maximum punctal diameter, mid-canalicular diameter, and vertical canalicular height were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson correlation test, and scatter plot matrices were analyzed ...

Purpose: To compare optical coherence tomography (OCT) and histology of outer retinal tubulation (ORT) secondary to advanced age-related macular degeneration in patients and in postmortem specimens, with particular attention to the basis of the hyperreflective border of ORT. Method: A private referral practice (imaging) and an academic research laboratory (histology) collaborated on two retrospective case series. High-resolution OCT raster scans of 43 eyes (34 patients) manifesting ORT secondary to advanced age-related macular degeneration were compared to high-resolution histologic sections through the fovea and superior perifovea of donor eyes (13 atrophic age-related macular degeneration and 40 neovascular age-related macular degeneration) preserved ...

Photo Essay.

Purpose: To evaluate an optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based positioning regimen for patients undergoing macular hole surgery. Method: We reviewed the medical records of all patients in our practice who underwent macular hole repair, instituting a modified OCT-based positioning regimen from November 1, 2011 through July 31, 2013. The regimen consisted of prone positioning at the conclusion of surgery with daily OCT imaging until the hole was confirmed closed at which point positioning was halted. Clinical data that were collected and recorded included visual acuities, stage of hole, size of hole, chronicity, preoperative and postoperative OCT imaging, and length of ...

Purpose: To report the evolution of treatment in managing diabetic macular edema (DME) in a "real world" clinical setting. Methods: Retrospective observational case series of 1,862 patients treated for DME over the last decade. Change in selection of treatment modalities used for controlling DME, visual acuity, and degree of DME on optical coherence tomography were recorded. Results: Over the past decade, there was a linear decrease in laser use, with exponential growth in the utilization of intravitreal injections. An increase in the frequency of clinic visits from 3 +/- 2 visits per year to 9 +/- 2 visits per year with ...

Purposes: To evaluate the effects of axial length and age on the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) and the inner macular parameters measured using 3 spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) instruments. Methods: A total of 102 normal eyes (1 eye per subject) were imaged using Cirrus, RTVue, and 3D-OCT. The cpRNFL and the macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), the ganglion cell layer+inner plexiform layer (GCLIPL), and the mRNFL+GCLIPL ganglion cell complex, GCC thicknesses were analyzed. The correlations between these values and the axial length or age were evaluated using a partial correlation analysis. These correlations were ...

Purpose: To determine and validate the diagnostic ability of a linear discriminant function (LDF) based on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness obtained using high-definition optical coherence tomography (Cirrus HD-OCT) for discriminating between healthy controls and early glaucoma subjects. Methods: We prospectively selected 214 healthy controls and 152 glaucoma subjects (teaching set) and another independent sample of 86 healthy controls and 71 glaucoma subjects (validating set). Two scans, including 1 macular and 1 peripapillary RNFL scan, were obtained. After calculating the LDF in the teaching set using the binary logistic regression analysis, receiver operating ...

Purpose: To assess the agreement and reproducibility of retinal pigment epithelial detachment (RPED) volumetric measurements using a commercially available optical coherence tomography software available for the Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT. Methods: Twelve eyes of 10 patients with a diagnosis of neovascular age-related macular degeneration with RPED, seen at the New England Eye Center between October 2012 and December 2012, were enrolled in the study. Three separate scans per affected eye were obtained using the "Macular Cube 512 x 128" protocol. "Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) elevation analysis" software was used to measure RPED volumes in the central 3-mm and 5-mm circles by ...

Purpose: To report the findings of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the corneas of patients with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome (RCES). Methods: Ten normal subjects and 25 patients with RCES were recruited for the study. Ten patients with RCES suffered from an acute episode of pain and 15 patients complained of typical chronic symptoms of RCES. All eyes were scanned with the anterior segment 5 line raster acquisition protocol of the Cirrus HD-OCT platform (Zeiss). The etiology of RCES was investigated and treatment was provided following a standard clinical protocol. Scans were obtained at different stages of the pathology and ...

Photo essay.

Purpose: To highlight the use of high-density spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in the detection of tamoxifen retinopathy. Case Report: An 82-year-old asymptomatic woman with a history of tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer was found to have bilateral refractile retinal deposits on fundus examination. Detection on SD-OCT was compared across imaging techniques. High-density SD-OCT demonstrated hyperreflective deposits in the inner retinal layers of each eye consistent with the diagnosis of tamoxifen retinopathy. Conclusions: The optimal SD-OCT scan technique depends on the ocular condition being imaged. High-density scan techniques require longer acquisition time but may enhance the detection of focal ...

Purpose: To evaluate the test-retest variability of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness. Methods: A total of 65 eyes of healthy subjects were enrolled in this observational cross-sectional study. RNFL thickness and GCIPL thickness were measured using the repeat scan optic cube and macular cube protocol using Cirrus HD-OCT (software version 6.0). A single operator obtained 3 measurements during 1 session to determine test-retest variability. Intrasession repeatability was defined by intraclass correlation, limits of agreement, and coefficient of variation. Results: The mean age ...

Background: Epidural needle insertion is traditionally a blind technique whose success depends on the experience of the operator. The authors describe a novel method using a fiber-needle-based swept-source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) to identify epidural space. Methods: An optical fiber probe was placed into a hollow 18-gauge Tuohy needle. It was then inserted by an experienced anesthesiologist to continuously construct a series of two-dimensional SSOCT images by mechanically rotating the optical probe. To quantify this observation, both the average SSOCT signal intensities and their diagnostic potentials were assessed. The insertions were performed three times into both the lumbar and thoracic ...

Purpose: The detection of changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) as measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) is crucial in glaucoma diagnosis and management. We investigated the short-term repeatability of peripapillary RNFL measurements in a commercially available spectral domain OCT focusing on a broad clinical spectrum of patients. Methods: Two consecutive peripapillary RNFL measurements were taken on 227 eyes with Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Version 6.5 software) using the optic disc 200 x 200 protocol. Repeatability was assessed as Bland-Altman limits of agreement and intraclass coefficients (ICCs). Results: Limits of agreement showed the greatest variability in ...