Purpose: To evaluate and compare the detection of incomplete and complete retinal pigment epithelial and outer retinal atrophy (iRORA and cRORA) using Spectralis and Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices. Methods: Subjects with late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were imaged on the same day with Spectralis and Cirrus OCT. Two masked, independent and experienced retina specialist graders evaluated each case for the presence of cRORA and iRORA lesions. Results: A significantly higher number of lesions were observed using Spectralis compared with Cirrus (239 vs 226 and 223 vs 209). Higher number of iRORA lesions were identified with Spectralis (105 vs ...

Purpose: To evaluate the earliest spectral-domain optical coherence tomography markers in fellow eyes of asymmetric Type-2 macular telangiectasia (MacTel). Methods: A multicentered case–control study of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images captured on Spectralis Heidelberg Engineering, Germany, comparing features of fellow eyes of patients with asymmetric clinical presentation of MacTel with 50 age-matched control subjects. Results: Of 649 patients, 28 (4.3%) with MacTel presented with asymmetric features. The mean age of the MacTel patients was 63.5 (12.4) years with female predilection (4:1). Mean best-corrected visual acuity of the unaffected eye was 0.2 logarithm of the ...

Background: With the development and widespread adoption of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), peripapillary hyper-reflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS) have become a frequent OCT finding in neuro-ophthalmic practice. Although originally assumed to represent a form of buried optic disc drusen (ODD), PHOMS differ from ODD in many important ways. The histopathological underpinnings of PHOMS are now becoming more clearly understood. Evidence acquisition: Review of literature. Results: PHOMS can be broadly classified as disk edema–associated PHOMS, ODD-associated PHOMS, or anomalous disk–associated PHOMS. PHOMS are seen in many conditions, including papilledema, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, central retinal vein occlusion ...

Background: Contemporary optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are still subject of controversy. We sought to use OCT to evaluate plaque morphology and phenotype classification in patients with ACS. Methods: Using optical coherence tomography, culprit lesions were morphologically classified as plaque rupture, plaque erosion, calcified nodule, thin-cap fibroatheroma, thick-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) or fibrotic, fibrocalcific or fibrolipidic plaque. Quantitative and qualitative analyses also included cholesterol crystals, neovascularization, spotty calcification and thrombus. Results: Of the 110 lesions imaged from June 2012 to April 2016, 54 (49%) were in patients with unstable angina (UA), 31 (28%) were ...

Rationale: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare systemic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. GPA affects multiple ocular tissues, most commonly the orbit, conjunctiva, cornea, and sclera. Retinal and choroidal manifestations are rare in GPA, but they often include choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Patient concerns: A 36-year-old man was diagnosed with GPA. He had been taking oral steroid treatment for 8 years. He experienced disease recurrence and the dose of oral prednisolone was increased after steroid pulse therapy. Fundus examination showed small retinal pigment epithelial detachment and serous retinal detachment (SRD). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed a protruded lesion inside the ...

Few reported cases discuss distinguishing between melanoma and melanoacanthoma , a seborrheic keratosis (SK) variant, using noninvasive imaging devices. We present a case of a 38-year-old man with Fitzpatrick skin type IV with an asymmetric black papule showing clinical and dermoscopic features of both melanoma and SK. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and dynamic optical coherence tomography (d-OCT) were used for further evaluation. RCM revealed acanthotic epidermis with a mixed honeycomb and cobblestone pattern, polycyclic bulbous rete ridges, and bright plump cells within entrapped, edged, dermal papillae, compatible with pigmented SK. Also noted were a population of fairly uniform bright dendritic cells ...

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Purpose: To assess the impact of histogram adjustments and binarization thresholding selection on quantitative measurements of diabetic macular ischemia using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: Patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) who had swept-source OCTA imaging obtained were enrolled. An additional group of 15 healthy control subjects was included for comparison. Previously employed brightness/contrast changes and binarization thresholds were applied to original OCTA images in order to obtain and compare different binarized images. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons were performed. Results: Thirty patients with DR (30 eyes) were included in the analysis. Fifteen eyes displayed the presence of diabetic macular ...

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of using intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) to adjust the tilting of an intraocular lens (IOL) during implantation with intrascleral fixation. Setting: Kyorin University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Design: Retrospective, case-control single-center study. Methods: Thirty-seven eyes of 37 patients who had undergone pars plana vitrectomy with intrascleral fixation of an IOL by a single surgeon were retrospectively studied. Intraoperative cross-sectional OCT (RESCAN 700, Carl Zeiss Meditec) scans were used to adjust the degree of IOL tilt in 23 eyes (iOCT group) and not used in 14 eyes (control group). The length of the externalized haptics was ...

PURPOSE: To report on the use of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the vitreolenticular interface (VLI) during pediatric cataract surgery. To determine the incidence of VLI dysgenesis and surgical difficulties. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: This study included 51 pediatric patients who underwent cataract surgery between April 2016 and December 2018. Video recordings and OCT images of the VLI were analyzed and compared. VLI dysgenesis was considered present when intraoperative OCT images demonstrated partial or total adhesions between the posterior lens capsule and the anterior hyaloid membrane. Video recordings were ...

Four patients of pseudophakic corneal edema were subjected to pre-Descemetic endothelial keratoplasty (PDEK) under the direct guidance of microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography (i-OCT). i-OCT facilitated successful type 1 big-bubble formation during donor preparation, debridement of hypertrophic epithelium, planning and placement of surgical wounds, descemetorrhexis with removal of remnant Descemet membrane tags, and identification of correct donor orientation and interface details. It was also possible to discern the stability of intraocular lens, flat iris configuration, adequate stromal hydration and wound apposition on i-OCT. Preoperative visual acuity was counting fingers (50%), 0.78 logMAR (25%) and 1.48 logMAR (25%), while postoperative ...

Significance: Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography is a useful method to allow for the evaluation of deep ocular structures, such as choroid and lamina cribrosa (LC), which are affected by ocular diseases. We hypothesized that choroidal and optic nerve inflammation in patients with ocular sarcoidosis (OS) might affect the LC structure. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate changes in the LC and anterior LC depth (ALCD) in patients with OS. Methods: Forty-eight eyes of 26 patients with OS who received the treatment of panuveitis and were in the quiescent phase for at least 6 months were included in the ...

Significance: This study evaluates the reliability and validity of an automatic method of the external and internal limbal points identification from anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) images in comparison with manual delineation. Purpose: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the repeatability and precision of a previously proposed automatic method of external and internal limbal points identification and to compare them with the manual delineation by experienced clinicians in terms of limbus diameter. Methods: Optical coherence tomography tomograms obtained for 12 healthy volunteers without a history of eye diseases were analyzed. Fifteen OCT tomograms were captured for each ...

Purpose: To investigate whether the parafoveal capillary architecture predicts clinical course and visual outcomes after ERM surgery. Methods: A total of 71 eyes of 71 patients treated with vitrectomy for idiopathic ERM were enrolled. The parafoveal capillary displacement and fractal geometries were compared according to the stage of ERM. Correlations between the parafoveal capillary displacement in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), the fractal dimension and lacunarity in the deep capillary plexus (DCP), foveal thickness, and visual outcomes were evaluated. Results: Compared with eyes with mild ERM, eyes with severe ERM exhibited higher parafoveal capillary displacement in the SCP, lower fractal ...

Optical coherence tomography angiography is a relatively new noninvasive technique that is changing our approach in the management of several retinal diseases such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration, occlusive retinal diseases, or diabetic retinopathy, but it could also be useful in nonprimary vascular retinal pathologies such as vitreoretinal interface surgical disorders. In idiopathic vitreoretinal interface disorders and surgical retinal diseases, the study of vascular involvement, not commonly assessed by invasive methods, could be useful to reveal specific vascular abnormalities. Such information may be useful for a more detailed phenotyping of each clinical picture before and after surgical treatment, providing potential ...

The introduction of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has significantly improved our knowledge on the ocular vascular alterations occurring in diabetes. In this article, we will provide a review of the prominent OCTA findings in diabetes. In details, OCTA demonstrated that both the retinal vessels and the choriocapillaris are affected in diabetic subjects. The recent employment of widefield technology and a 3-dimensional (3D) visualization in OCTA imaging are also discussed.

Purpose: The object of the study is to relate the pattern reversal visual evoked potential (PRVEP) and flash VEP (f-VEP) latencies with retinal neurons and their fibers. Methods: We studied 104 eyes. Forty-two eyes from patients with optic neuritis (ON), 28 eyes from patients with multiple sclerosis without involvement of the optic nerves (MS–non-ON), and 34 eyes of normal controls. Results: Pattern reversal visual evoked potential latency is more delayed in patients with ON than in patients with multiple sclerosis nonON. Flash visual evoked potential (f-VEP) latency was delayed in both categories. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and ...

Purpose: To describe a novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) finding in a case of macular serous retinal detachment (SRD) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP). Methods: Retrospective case report. Patient: A 52-year-old Hispanic male presented with dense vitreous hemorrhage secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy in his right eye, for which PPV with endolaser was performed. Results: His post-operative course was complicated by significantly decreased vision and a macular SRD that was characterized on OCT by a reticular network of hyperreflective bands in the subretinal space. Fluid and hyperreflective material in the subretinal space resolved by post-operative week ...

Purpose: This study assesses the reliability of successive measurements of tomographic parameters in different keratoconus (KC) stages with 2 different devices. Methods: A total of 125 eyes (13 controls: 24 eyes, and 73 patients with KC: stages 1|2|3|4, n = 24|24|26|27 according to Topographical KC Classification) were repeatedly examined 5 times with the rotating Scheimpflug tomograph (Pentacam HR, Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) and an anterior segment optical coherence tomograph (Casia 2, Tomey, Nagoya, Japan). Outcome measures included 1) mean anterior (KA) and 2) mean posterior powers (KP), 3) mean anterior (AC) and 4) posterior cylinders (PC ...

Purpose: To describe imaging produced by machine learning based segmentation of high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the intermediate capillary plexus (ICP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), layers of vessels not imaged well by dye-based angiography. Methods: Three healthy subjects with no ocular problems were imaged with spectral domain OCT using an instrument with a scanning speed of 85,000 A-scans per second and 3µm axial optical resolution. A random forest segmentation strategy was used to segment the ICP and DCP. The depth resolved imaging data was visualized with the help of volume rendering. Results: The high-resolution OCT ...

Purpose: To compare peripapillary perfused capillary density (PCD) on optical coherence tomography angiography among resolved acute angle-closure (AAC), primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and control eyes. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional, observational study. Methods: All patients with resolved AAC or POAG of varying severity and controls were enrolled. We obtained 4.5 × 4.5 mm2 optical coherence tomography angiography images of the optic nerve head. PCD was analyzed using customized software with major vessel removal. Continuous variables were assessed using the analysis of variance and Bonferroni correction test. A marginal model of generalized estimating equations was used to adjust for confounding factors and ...

No abstract provided

Purpose: To quantitatively analyze choriocapillaris alterations using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) in eyes presenting with type 3 macular neovascularization (MNV) and to compare these alterations with eyes presenting with intermediate AMD (iAMD). Methods: Macular 3x3 mm SS-OCTA scans were retrospectively analyzed in eyes with type 3 MNV and in eyes with iAMD. The choriocapillaris en face slabs were extracted from the SS-OCTA device after manual segmentation. En face choriocapillaris flow images were compensated with en face choriocapillaris structure images, followed by the Phansalkar local thresholding method using a window radius of 4 and 8 pixels. Percentage of flow ...

Purpose: To quantify retinal vasculature changes in Stargardt disease1 with volume-rendered optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: OCTA volumes from heathy subjects and two subgroups of STGD1 patients with the presence/absence of definitely decreased autofluorescence (DDAF) areas were compared. OCTA vessel surface area (VSA) and vessel volume (VV) were measured in central zones (Z) of 1, 2 and 3mm diameter. Results: 29 eyes of 15 STGD1 patients (20/9 eyes with/without DDAF) and 30 eyes of 15 controls contributed data. An enlarged foveal avascular zone was found in STGD1 patients without and even more with DDAF associated with ...