Background: Craniosynostosis may lead to elevated intracranial pressure, which may be implicated with impaired neurocognitive development. However, accurately measuring intracranial pressure is challenging, and patterns in craniosynostosis patients are poorly characterized. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography may enable noninvasive assessment of intracranial pressure in pediatric patients with craniosynostosis. Methods: Pediatric patients with craniosynostosis undergoing surgical intervention between 2014 and 2019 prospectively underwent optical coherence tomographic evaluation. Intracranial pressure was directly measured intraoperatively in a subset of cases. Optical coherence tomographic parameters were compared to directly measured intracranial pressure and used for pattern assessment. Results: Optical coherence tomography was performed in 158 ...

Purpose: To analyze the retino-choroidal vascular characteristics of patients affected by pigmented paravenous chorio-retinal atrophy (PPCRA) by means of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: The study was designed as an observational, cross-sectional case series. Multimodal imaging included fundus autofluorescence (FAF), structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). The quantitative OCTA analyses included the calculation of the vessel density (VD) and choriocapillaris porosity. Results: Overall, 12 patients (24 eyes) affected by PPCRA were recruited. Structural OCT of the areas involved by PPCRA as visualized on FAF showed a complete EZ and ELM absence, with thinning of ganglion cell ...

Letter to the editor.

Background: The development and progression of cardiac allograft vasculopathy documented by coronary angiography (CAV angio ) after heart transplantation (HTx) has prognostic relevance. Yet there are limited data regarding the role of concomitant intracoronary imaging in the presence CAV angio . In particular, atherosclerotic plaques might represent a potential target for prevention, but their impact on stenosis is understudied. Methods: We used high-resolution intracoronary optical coherence tomography (OCT) to quantify and compare findings of intimal hyperplasia (IH) and plaque morphologies in HTx patients (fibrotic plaque, lipid plaque, and calcified plaque). OCT findings were related to the presence of CAV angio as well ...

Researchers identified subtle retinal changes via optical coherence tomography (OCT) in people with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Experts said exploring OCT for detecting CIDP was a novel idea but it was not clear how it could be useful in practice at this time. (A) The macular thickness and volume were calculated from consecutive vertical scans centered on the macula. (B) The peripapillary RNFL was evaluated in a circular scan centered on the optic disk. (C) The deeper retinal layers were semiautomatically segmented in a single horizontal foveal scan. The volumes of the retinal layers were assessed by averaging 14 ...

We describe a modified technique of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT)-guided removal of post-laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) epithelial ingrowth with interface ethyl alcohol and mitomycin C application to prevent a recurrence. Epithelial ingrowth was visualized as hyperreflective deposits in the interface on iOCT, and the location and extent were noted at the beginning of the procedure. A simple dimple-down maneuver was performed to help identify the circumference of the LASIK flap. iOCT helped to delineate the flap edge and ensure dissection in the correct plane with complete removal of epithelial cell nests. Real-time visualization of the interface helped ...

Letter to the editor

Purpose: To evaluate the changes of blood circulation within the polypoidal lesions by OCT angiography in eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) after combination therapy with aflibercept and photodynamic therapy. Methods: A total of 46 eyes from 46 patients who underwent the combination therapy for PCV were followed for more than 6 months. OCT angiography (OCTA), covering an area 6 × 6 mm2 including the macula, were performed at baseline, 2 weeks, and 3 and 6 months post-treatment. Results: The subretinal fluid resolved within 3 months after treatment in 44 eyes (95.7%), and 27 eyes (58.7%) showed no recurrence ...

Purpose: To assess visual acuity and optical coherence tomography outcomes after repair of secondary epiretinal membrane (ERM) after prior laser retinopexy for retinal tear with or without localized retinal detachment. Methods: Retrospective, consecutive series. A previously described optical coherence tomography grading scheme was used for imaging analysis. Results: Forty-two eyes of 42 patients were included, of which 16 (38.1%) had a concurrent localized retinal detachment. Mean logMAR visual acuity prelaser retinopexy was 0.15 ± 0.13 (Snellen 20/28), which worsened to 0.56 ± 0.42 (Snellen 20/72) before ERM surgery (P < 0.001). The mean visual acuity ...

Purpose: To investigate the characteristics of foveal microvasculature in children with Marfan syndrome (MFS). Methods: Ninety eyes from 45 MFS patients and 76 eyes from 38 healthy individuals of age-matched, sex-matched, and axial length-matched were enrolled. Characteristics of the superficial capillary plexus including the vessel density, perfusion density, and foveal avascular zone were analyzed by optical coherence tomography angiography. Results: The vessel density and the circularity index of the foveal avascular zone were significantly decreased in the MFS group compared with the controls (P = 0.017 and P = 0.004 respectively). In MFS group, the central vessel density (P = 0 ...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the repeatability and agreement of horizontal white-to-white (WTW) measurements using 4 different imaging modalities including a slit-scanning elevation topographer, dual rotating Scheimpflug camera and Placido Disc tomographer, Placido Disc topographer, and anterior segment optical coherence (OCT) tomographer. Methods: In this prospective study, 33 eyes of 33 healthy subjects were scanned 3 times using each of the Orbscan IIz, Sirius, Nidek OPD III, and DRI OCT Triton devices and WTW measurements were recorded. Repeatability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and agreement was analyzed using Bland-Altman plots. Results: Mean WTW ...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an invaluable imaging tool in detecting and assessing diabetic macular edema (DME). Over the past decade, there have been different proposed OCT-based classification systems for DME. In this review, we present an update of spectral-domain OCT (SDOCT)-based DME classifications over the past 5 years. In addition, we attempt to summarize the proposed OCT qualitative and quantitative parameters from different classification systems in relation to disease severity, risk of progression, and treatment outcome. Although some OCT-based measurements were found to have prognostic value on visual outcome, there has been a lack of consensus or guidelines ...

Background: Topical medications play a large role in the management of cutaneous diseases, but penetration is limited. Device-assisted drug delivery using mechanical destruction, lasers, and other energy-based modalities can increase penetration and absorption through creation of transcutaneous channels. Objective: To examine real-time, in vivo cutaneous changes in response to various devices used to improve topical drug delivery through optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Methods and materials: Treatment was performed with 8 medical devices, including mechanical destruction, lasers, and other energy-based modalities. Optical coherence tomography was used for real-time, noninvasive, in vivo imaging. Results: Using OCT, microneedling and radiofrequency microneedling demonstrated ...

Purpose: To describe and assess the prognostic significance of subretinal transient hyporeflectivity (STHR), a novel spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in age-related macular degeneration. Methods: Consecutive patients with AMD presenting STHR, defined as a small, well-defined, round subretinal, hyporeflective lesion on SD-OCT and without exudative signs were included. Clinical examination and SD-OCT (Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) were analyzed at inclusion, as well as one month prior to inclusion and until the onset of exudative signs during 12 months follow-up. Results: Thirty-five STHR in 21 eyes of 20 patients were included. Among the 21 eyes, 2 eyes had early AMD ...

Significance: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a common retinal disease that causes vision loss worldwide. Studying the imaging characteristics of CSC is helpful for the differential diagnosis of diseases. This study analyzed the differences between acute and chronic CSC and provide related information. Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the optical coherence tomography (OCT) features in patients with acute and chronic CSC. Methods: Sixty-two eyes of 56 patients with CSC were included in the study. OCT was performed to observe the image features. The photoreceptor outer segment (PROS) thickness above the pigment epithelium detachment (PED) coinciding with ...

Purpose: To assess spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) biomarkers of short-term outcomes in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with intravitreal Bevacizumab (IVB). Methods: In a prospective interventional case series, 66 eyes with DME underwent three monthly IVB injections. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement and SD-OCT were performed at baseline and at 3 months. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to investigate the baseline SD-OCT parameters as predictors of functional and anatomical outcomes. Results: Patients with diabetic nephropathy had greater sub-foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) (300.8 ± 35.54 vs. 253.0 ± 50.07 µm, p < 0.01) and were more ...

Significance: Lipemia retinalis is a very rare ocular manifestation of severe hypertriglyceridemia. It is usually symptomatic and regresses after normalization of triglycerides levels. Early recognition is important to prevent ocular and life-threatening complications. Purpose: To report a case of marked lipemia retinalis secondary to type V hypertriglyceridemia assessed with swept source (SS) optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A), with follow-up after dietary lipid restriction. Methods: Observational case report. Case report: Thirty-two-year-old pregnant patient with gestational diabetes and history of hypertriglyceridemia was referred for diabetic retinopathy screening. Fundus examination revealed bilateral milky-white discoloration of retinal vessels with a "salmon-coloured ...

Purpose: to describe the Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) findings as a predictive role in chronic-relapsing stage of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKHD) and its comparison with other imaging modalities such as fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and Spectral-Domain OCT (SD-OCT). Patients and Methods: A 37-year-old-lady from Blangadesh was diagnosed with VKHD. She was evaluated eight months before for a routine examination at which time she was in clinical remission. Full ophthalmic evaluation with multimodal imaging and OCTA was performed. Results: Ophthalmic evaluation was unremarkable. SD-OCT disclosed increased choroidal thickness OU while SS-OCTA imaging showed choroidal flow voids well matching ...

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to compare the ability of Scheimpflug and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) in detecting subclinical corneal edema in patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) without clinical corneal edema. Methods: In this single-center, consecutive case series, 47 eyes of 29 patients with FECD were analyzed. The main outcome measures were anterior/posterior keratometry and central/thinnest corneal thickness. The criteria for subclinical corneal edema were loss of regular isopachs, displacement of the thinnest point of the cornea, and presence of posterior surface depression. Tomographic analyses were performed using Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam HR ...

Purpose of review To summarize the literature on three-dimensional (3D) technological advances in ophthalmology, the quantitative methods associated with this, and their improved ability to help detect glaucoma disease progression. Recent findings Improvements in measuring glaucomatous structural changes are the result of dual innovations in optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging technology and in associated quantitative software. Summary Compared with two-dimensional (2D) OCT parameters, newer 3D parameters provide more data and fewer artifacts.

Background: To quantitatively compare the peripapillary microvascular network between patients with papilledema and healthy subjects using swept source optical coherence tomography angiography. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, patients with papilledema secondary to idiopathic intracranial hypertension and healthy controls were imaged with swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (PLEX Elite 9000; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) using a 6 × 6 mm scan pattern centered on the optic disc. The capillary perfusion density (CPD) and capillary flux index (CFI) of the radial peripapillary capillaries in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) were calculated using Zeiss algorithm. Results: Thirty-nine eyes of 20 ...

Purpose: To evaluate the radial peripapillary capillary plexus (RPCP) vessel density (VD) and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in eyes successfully treated with pars plana vitrectomy for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Methods: In this cross-sectional multicenter clinical study, eyes with a minimum 12-month follow-up were reexamined. The RPCP VD and RNFL thickness in the rhegmatogenous retinal detachment subfields of the affected eye (study group) were compared with the corresponding areas of the healthy fellow eyes (control group). Results: Fifty-three eyes were included in the study. A significantly lower RPCP VD and RNFL thickness were observed in those subfields ...

Four patients with pseudophakic corneal edema were subjected to pre-Descemet endothelial keratoplasty (PDEK) under the direct guidance of microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography (i-OCT). i-OCT facilitated successful type 1 big bubble formation during donor preparation, debridement of the hypertrophic epithelium, planning and placement of surgical wounds, descemetorrhexis with removal of remnant Descemet membrane tags, and identification of correct donor orientation and interface details. It was also possible to discern the stability of intraocular lens, flat iris configuration, adequate stromal hydration, and wound apposition on i-OCT. Preoperative visual acuity was counting fingers (50%), 0.78 logMAR (25%), and 1.48 logMAR (25 ...

Purpose: To evaluate the use of a deep learning (DL) noise-reduction model on swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) volumetric scans. Methods: Three groups of images including single-line highly averaged foveal scans (Averaged images), foveal B-scans from volumetric scans using no averaging (Unaveraged images) and DL denoised versions of the latter (Denoised images) were obtained. We evaluated the potential increase in signal to noise ratio by evaluating the contrast to noise ratio (CNR) of the resultant images and measured the multi scale structural similarity index (MS-SSIM) to determine if the Unaveraged and Denoised images held true in structure to the ...