Purpose: To determine whether the size of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) is significantly correlated with the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and to examine the relationship between the size and microstructural changes of the photoreceptors in eyes with a branch retinal vein occlusion . Methods: The medical records of 69 eyes of patients (mean age, 64.6 ± 11.7 years) with a branch retinal vein occlusion were reviewed after the resolution of macular edema. All the patients underwent optical coherence tomography angiography for measurement of the FAZ area and spectral domain optical coherence tomography for determination of microstructural changes of the ...

Purpose of review Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging tool routinely used in ophthalmology that provides cross-sectional images of the retina. Compression of the anterior visual pathways results in progressive thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) and this review will highlight the utility of OCT in evaluating patients with this condition. Recent findings The RNFL and macular GCC have been found to highly correlate with visual function in patients with compressive optic neuropathies. Preoperative RNFL and macular GCC thickness have emerged as the most reliable and consistent prognostic factors for ...

Purpose: To assess changes on optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) angiography in diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with subthreshold micropulse yellow laser (SMPL) over a period of 6 months. Methods: Thirty-five eyes (35 consecutive patients) with treatment-naive DME prospectively underwent (at baseline, 3 and 6 months) best-corrected visual acuity, swept-source OCT angiography / OCT , and fundus autofluorescence . Following parameters were evaluated on OCT angiography in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP): the area of foveal avascular zone, number of microaneurysms (MA), area of cysts, and presence of capillary network alterations. Microaneurysm change was also evaluated in 15 fellow ...

Purpose: To compare 12-month treatment outcomes of Type 3 neovascularization among its different stages as classified using an optical coherence tomography –based method. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 40 patients (40 eyes) who were newly diagnosed with Type 3 neovascularization . The patients were initially administered 3 monthly anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injections. Repeat treatment was performed when recurrence of fluid was noted. Disease staging was classified using the optical coherence tomography –based method. The best-corrected visual acuity at diagnosis and at 12 months and degree of change in best-corrected visual acuity were compared among the different stages of ...

Background: The International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium (IMSVISUAL) was formed in November 2014 with the primary goal of improving research, care, and education regarding the role of the visual system in multiple sclerosis (MS) and related disorders. Methods: In this review, we describe the formation, goals, activities, and structure of IMSVISUAL, as well as the relationship of IMSVISUAL with the Americas Committee for Treatment and Research in MS (ACTRIMS). Finally, we provide an overview of the work IMSVISUAL has completed to date, as well as an outline of research projects ongoing under the auspices of IMSVISUAL. Results: IMSVISUAL has ...

Images in CAD.

Purpose: This study aims to characterize quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) features of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and to validate them for computer-aided NPDR staging. Methods: One hundred and twenty OCTA images from 60 NPDR (mild, moderate, and severe stages) patients and 40 images from 20 control subjects were used for this study conducted in a tertiary, subspecialty, academic practice. Both eyes were photographed and all the OCTAs were 6 mm × 6 mm macular scans. Six quantitative features, that is, blood vessel tortuosity, blood vascular caliber, vessel perimeter index, blood vessel density, foveal avascular zone area, and foveal avascular ...

Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability and between-machine/operator reproducibility of optical coherence tomography (RTVue-XR) for mapping corneal epithelial thickness (ET) and corneal thickness (CT) over a 9-mm zone. Methods: In 5 groups of eyes (normal, contact lens, dry eye, post-LASIK/PRK, and keratoconus), corneal ET and CT were evaluated in 25 areas in the following 4 regions: 1) 1 central zone within 0 to 2.0 mm diameter, 2) 8 paracentral zones from 2.0 to 5.0 mm diameter, 3) 8 midperipheral zones from 5.0 to 7.0 mm diameter, and 4) 8 peripheral zones from 7.0 ...

Purpose: To examine the microstructural changes in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) in a primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) subject at 2 timepoints, 4 months apart. Patients and Methods: This case-control study (1 POAG subject and 1 normal control) used the single cell, 3-dimensional volumetric imaging capability of an adaptive optics - optical coherence tomography -scanning laser ophthalmoscopy system to examine the inner retina. Results: At the area of greatest glaucomatous change in the POAG subject [3-degrees temporal (T), 3-degrees inferior (I), right eye], the GCL was greatly thinned at both timepoints, yet retinal ganglion cell soma ...

Purpose: To compare corneal wetting performances of different dispersive ophthalmic viscosurgical devices. Methods: Three different types of dispersive ophthalmic viscosurgical devices, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose %2 (HPMC), sodium hyaluronate %3–sodium chondroitin sulphate %4 (HACS), and sodium hyaluronate %3 (HA), were applied on corneal surfaces of 10 healthy volunteer subjects repeatedly at 3 different time points. Corneal wetting properties of the ophthalmic viscosurgical devices were compared qualitatively and quantitatively by anterior segment optical coherence tomography for 30 minutes. Results: Sodium hyaluronate 3% and HACS applications had a higher mean precorneal ophthalmic viscosurgical device thickness than HPMC application at all time points (seventh ...

Purpose: Geographic atrophy (GA) is the sequelae of macular degeneration. Automated inner retinal analysis using optical coherence tomography is flawed because segmentation software is calibrated for normal eyes. The purpose of this study is to determine whether ganglion cell layer (GCL) volume is reduced in GA using manual analysis. Methods: Nineteen eyes with subfoveal GA and 22 controls were selected for morphometric analyses. Heidelberg scanning laser ophthalmoscope optical coherence tomography images of the optic nerve and macula were obtained, and the Viewing Module was used to manually calibrate retinal layer segmentation. Retinal layer volumes in the central 3-mm and surrounding ...

Purpose: To evaluate clinical correlations between the thicknesses of individual retinal layers in the foveal area of diabetic patients and the presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Methods: This retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study enrolled a total of 120 eyes from 120 patients. The eyes were divided into 3 groups: normal controls (n = 42 eyes), patients with diabetes mellitus (n = 42 eyes) but no DPN, and patients with diabetes mellitus and DPN (n = 36 eyes). The primary outcome measures were the thickness of all retinal layers in the central 1-mm zone measured using the segmentation analysis of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography ...

Purpose: This study aims at describing the macular vascular features of the eyes of pediatric patients with the homozygous form of sickle cell disease (SCD) using optical coherence tomography angiography . Methods: This is a retrospective case series of eyes of pediatric patients with SCD, race- and age-matched to those of healthy individuals. Using optical coherence tomography angiography images of superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus, the nonflow area, vascular density, and foveal avascular zone were measured. The remodeled microvascular foveal architectures obtained on optical coherence tomography angiography and fluorescein angiography were compared. Results: A total of 19 eyes of ...

Purpose of review The aim of the present review was to summarize the new developments in anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) for glaucoma . Recent findings Recent years have demonstrated significant advances in the measurement of glaucoma through the use of AS-OCT. Furthermore, a more widespread use of AS-OCT in the clinical study of various glaucomas warrants review, which includes angel assessment, trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal assessment, and assessment of the filtering bleb and tube. Summary AS-OCT was recently developed and has become a crucial tool in glaucoma clinical practice. AS-OCT is a noncontact imaging device that provides ...

Purpose: To study B-scan flow overlay and en face flow optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) images of Type 3 neovascularization (NV) and to characterize a staging system for Type 3 NV based on the OCT-A findings. Methods: We retrospectively collected data on consecutive treatment-naive eyes with Type 3 NV. All eyes underwent fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, structural spectral domain OCT, and OCT-A (AngioPlex). Localization and extension of abnormal flows detected by B-scan flow overlay and en face OCT-A images were assessed. Results: Of 24 eyes of 22 patients with Type 3 NV, B-scan flow overlay images showed that 4 ...

Purpose: In diabetic patients presenting with macular edema (ME) shortly after cataract surgery, identifying the underlying pathology can be challenging and influence management. Our aim was to develop a simple clinical classifier able to confirm a diabetic etiology using few spectral domain optical coherence tomography parameters. Methods: We analyzed spectral domain optical coherence tomography data of 153 patients with either pseudophakic cystoid ME (n = 57), diabetic ME (n = 86), or “mixed” (n = 10). We used advanced machine learning algorithms to develop a predictive classifier using the smallest number of parameters. Results: Most differentiating were the existence of hard exudates, hyperreflective ...

Background Prasugrel was shown to inhibit platelet activity more rapidly and consistently than clopidogrel . We compared the effects of prasugrel and clopidogrel on residual thrombus burden assessed by optical coherence tomography after stent implantation in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Patients and methods A total of 76 patients with STEMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 12 h after the onset were retrospectively enrolled. Of them, 34 patients were treated with prasugrel (loading dose, 20 mg) and the remaining 42 with clopidogrel (loading dose, 300 mg). Stent volume and in-stent thrombus volume were assessed by post-PCI optical coherence ...

Purpose: Head tilt can have an impact on the orientation of posterior pole images. We conducted this study to determine the effect of head tilt on image orientation measured by the fovea - Bruch’s membrane opening (FoBMO) angle with optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Methods: The study included 56 healthy subjects with mean (range) age of 33 (18-61) years. The dominant eye was first determined. To measure head tilt , a smartphone with a built-in gyroscope was affixed to the subject’s head with adjustable straps. OCT (Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering) imaging was performed in both eyes (in randomized order) at 0 ...

Rationale: Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) results in painless, catastrophic vision loss in a period of seconds. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) can image retinal microcirculation, which is helpful to evaluate treatment response during the follow-up period. Using a single case with central RAO, we report its retinal perfusion changes before and after treatment using OCTA. Patient concerns: A 36-year-old Chinese man came to our clinic with a sudden, painless loss of vision (hand motion) in his left eye. A vasodilator (nicotinic acid) was used as the primary treatment. OCTA imaging and a visual field examination were performed to assess the ...

A 57-year-old man was admitted to our department with persistent chest pain. Four years previously, he underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the mid segment of right coronary artery (RCA). The index coronary angiography showed a double-lumen angiographic pattern of the proximal RCA (Fig. 1a, arrow). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Ilumien; St. Jude Medical, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA) clarified that the second lumen angiographically detected was consistent with an extended coronary dissection, involving intima and media layers, up to the adventitia (Fig. 1b–d). Considering the atypical characteristics of the described chest pain, the normal distal coronary flow and the ...

Superior segmental optic nerve hypoplasia (SSOH) is a non progressive congenital optical nerve head anomaly that is ...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease that usually affects central vision in people older than 50 years owing to accumulation of fluid in the macular region of the retina. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging modality that is being widely used nowadays for the detection of abnormalities in the eye. In this work, a shearlet transform–based method is proposed for automated detection of AMD. The 2-dimensional horizontal slices of spectral domain OCT imaging data are used as input images. Images are first converted to gray scale and denoised using bilateral filter. Denoised images are decomposed by ...

Purpose: To report and describe the anatomical changes detected by spectral domain optical coherence tomography between an Argus II retinal prosthesis and the inner retinal layers during 1-year follow-up. Methods and Results: A patient presented with epiretinal fibrosis 12 months after implant of an Argus II epiretinal prosthesis . One month after uneventful surgery in March 2016, an evident hyporeflective space was detected between the epiretinal prosthesis and the inner retinal surface by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. An epiretinal hyperreflective band was noticed during follow-up and 1 year after surgery. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography showed close contact of the ...

Purpose: To evaluate the role of swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in the diagnosis and management of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap-related complications. Methods: This prospective study included 25 eyes with LASIK flap-related complications imaged using swept-source AS-OCT between February and August 2016 at Alforsan Eye Centre, Assiut, Egypt. The images were acquired using a 6-mm line scan. Results: Imaging of flap-related LASIK complications using AS-OCT revealed specific and nonspecific findings. Of note, epithelial ingrowth appeared as highly reflective lesions below the LASIK flap in the form of islands, nests, or a continuous sheet with or without ...