Purpose: To examine the three-dimensional foveal cone photoreceptor structure in a patient who had suffered laser pointer induced retinal injury . Methods: Patient underwent standard fundus photography and clinical spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging. High-resolution imaging was performed using an Adaptive Optics -OCT-Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope (AO-OCT-SLO). Results: AO imaging revealed loss of inner and outer segments of cone photoreceptors while the anterior retinal layers appeared healthy. Analysis of cone topology showed an increase in Voronoi domain area and a less regular hexagonal packing structure closer to the lesion site. Conclusion: Exposure to laser pointer radiation, however brief, can result ...

Background: Distinguishing optic disc edema from pseudopapilledema is a common, sometimes challenging clinical problem. Advances in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) of the optic nerve head (ONH) has proven to be a cost effective, noninvasive, outpatient procedure that may help. At its core are tools that quantify the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL). The SD-OCT also provides a set of tools that may be qualitatively interpreted in the same way that we read an MRI. They include the transverse axial, en face, and circular tomogram. Our goal is to describe ...

Précis: Small but significant decreases in OCTA-measured circumpapillary capillary density were observed in healthy eyes dilated with 2.5% phenylephrine/0.5% tropicamide. Though likely clinically insignificant, ophthalmologists should consider these changes when interpreting OCTA results from dilated eyes. Purpose: To investigate the effect of pupil dilation using 2.5% phenylephrine and 0.5% tropicamide on quantitative assessment of retinal microvasculature using OCTA. Methods: OptoVue AngioVue high density (HD) and non-HD OCTA macula and optic nerve head (ONH) images were obtained at 15-minute intervals pre- and post- dilation in 26 healthy participants (mean age: 40.0; 95% CI=33 ...

Aim: To investigate the reliability of anterior chamber angle (ACA) measurements in narrow angles and assess the effect of laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) on these measurements using novel swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) technology. Methods: In this prospective observational study, patients with gonioscopically narrow angles were enrolled and scheduled for prophylactic LPI. Twelve ACA sections were obtained in each eye using SS-OCT (ANTERION, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) before and after Nd:YAG LPI. A built-in algorithm calculated ACA measurements after manual identification of the scleral spur and ACA recess. Eight ACA parameters were evaluated: ACA (ACA 500, ACA 750); Scleral Spur ...

Aims This study sought to evaluate the incidence of ruptured plaques and nonruptured plaques (NRP) and to compare patient characteristics and detailed plaque morphology features between the two culprit types in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients, using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods and results Using OCT, the culprit lesions in patients with STEMI were assessed prior to stent implantation. The culprit lesion was categorized as ruptured plaques or NRP, and the plaque components were evaluated. Fifty-two patients (69.3%) presented with ruptured plaques and 23 (30.7%) with NRP. Patients with NRP were younger (58.0 ± 10.4 vs ...

Objective: To evaluate the ability of macular ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements by long-wavelength swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) to assess retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Methods: A retrospective study of 20 patients with unilateral NAION was performed. SS-OCT scanning of the macular and peripapillary areas was performed to measure the total and six-sector thicknesses of macular RNFL (mRNFL) and mGCIPL, as well as peripapillary RNFL (pRNFL) thicknesses in global and 12 clock-hour sectors. Further comparison of these thicknesses between NAION involved eyes ...

Precis: It is generally assumed that optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) cannot be used to diagnose glaucomatous optic neuropathy ( GON ) in high myopes. However, this study presents evidence that there is sufficient information in OCT scans to allow for accurate diagnosis of GON in most eyes with high myopia . Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that glaucomatous damage can be accurately diagnosed in most high myopes via an assessment of the OCT results. Patients and Methods: One hundred eyes from 60 glaucoma patients or suspects, referred for OCT scans and evaluation, had corrected spherical refractive errors ...

Coronary artery disease in young patients is challenging and deserves a multidisciplinary approach...

Purpose of review This article reviews literature on the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in otology and provides the reader with a timely update on its current clinical and research applications. The discussion focuses on the principles of OCT, the use of the technology for the diagnosis of middle ear disease and for the delineation of in-vivo cochlear microarchitecture and function. Recent findings Recent advances in OCT include the measurement of structural and vibratory properties of the tympanic membrane, ossicles and inner ear in healthy and diseased states. Accurate, noninvasive diagnosis of middle ear disease, such as otosclerosis and ...

Purpose: This study aims to suggest a novel strategy for assessing the activity of myopic choroidal neovascularization ( mCNV ) based on optical coherence tomography angiography ( OCTA ) and to compare it with traditional fundus fluorescein angiography as the gold standard. Methods: Macular OCTA images were obtained using RTVue XR Avanti with AngioVue. Morphologic features of mCNV lesions were analyzed. Characteristics of OCTA in 41 eyes with active mCNV and 41 eyes with inactive mCNV were analyzed. Optical coherence tomography angiography parameters associated with mCNV activity and the clinical significance of their sensitivity and specificity were analyzed using fundus fluorescein angiography as the ...

Purpose: To assess the clinical relevance of routine preoperative spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for identifying macular pathologies in patients scheduled for cataract surgery. Setting: Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. Design: Retrospective case-series. Methods: Consecutive patients, 50 years-of-age and older, scheduled for standard cataract extraction surgery were enrolled from November 2017 to January 2018. All study patients underwent routine SD-OCT scanning prior to cataract surgery. The scans were reviewed by a retina specialist for macular pathology and compared to preoperative biomicroscopic fundus examination findings. The incidence of macular pathologies and changes in patient management as a result of the macular ...

Purpose: To analyze and classify neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) related retinal vascular abnormalities (RVAs), their natural history and correlation with disease severity, in a large cohort of patients. Methods: This was an observational longitudinal study with prospective enrollment. Four hundred and seventy-three patients affected by NF1 and 150 age-matched healthy subjects were consecutively enrolled. RVAs were detected by means of near-infrared reflectance and studied by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The superficial vascular plexus (SVP) and the deep vascular complex (DVC) were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. Results: We identified RVAs in 82 of 473 (17%) NF1 patients, but in none ...

Purpose: To assess the repeatability of keratometric measurements obtained using a reflectance and swept-source based optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) biometer and to compare these values to those obtained with a dual Scheimpflug-Placido disc based tomographer/topographer. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA. Design: Prospective consecutive case series. Methods: Patients undergoing cataract evaluation were prospectively enrolled. Surgery-naive eyes without corneal pathology were measured 3 times with the reflectance/SS-OCT biometer and once with the dual Scheimpflug-Placido (S-P) disc tomographer/topographer. Intradevice repeatability for anterior (K), posterior (PK), and total corneal keratometry (TK) readings were evaluated ...

Background Data comparing plaque characteristics and wire-free physiological assessment in the target vessel in patients with stable angina versus acute coronary syndrome are sparse. Therefore, we investigated the difference in plaque distribution between stable angina and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and explored the relationship between target vessel vulnerability by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and wire-free functional assessment with quantitative flow ratio (QFR). Methods Patients with stable angina ( n  = 25) and NSTEMI ( n  = 24) were in the final prospective study cohort from the DECODE study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02335086). All 5480 OCT frames in the region of interest were analyzed to study ...

Aims Compare the degree of acute vascular injury caused by a polymer-free, thin-strut drug-eluting stent (DES) to that caused by a bioresorbable polymer, thick-strut DES using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods and results Fifty patients requiring nonurgent PCI were randomized to receive either a thin or a thick-strut DES. OCT was performed before and after stent implantation. OCT-based injury score (IS) after implantation was numerically higher within thick-strut stents 0.32 vs. 0.23, but the difference was NS ( P = 0.61). Edge dissections were present in 36% of the patients without differences between groups. Tissue prolapse (TP) area was ...

Purpose: To compare vergence, artificial intelligence, and combined intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulas using a new swept-source optical coherence tomographer (SS-OCT) and to analyze their performance based on manifest and estimated refractive outcomes of cataract surgery. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary. Design: Retrospective data analysis. Methods: Optical biometry readings of patients who underwent uneventful cataract removal and implantation of a monofocal acrylic IOL were used to predict IOL power with Barrett Universal II (BUII), Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, Radial Basis Function (RBF) 2.0, Kane, Ladas Super Formula, and SRK/T ...

Objective: Craniosynostosis can be associated with raised intracranial pressure (ICP), which can pose deleterious effects on the brain and vision if untreated. Estimating ICP in children is challenging, whilst gold standard direct intracranial measurement of ICP is invasive and carries risk. This systematic review aims to evaluate the role of optical coherence tomography ( OCT ), a noninvasive imaging technique, for detecting raised ICP in children with craniosynostosis . Methods: The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature published from inception until 19 August, 2019 in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. Eligible studies evaluated the role ...

Aim: To investigate the microvascular and neural changes in primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) patients compared with healthy controls. Method: Forty-four eyes of 22 PPH patients were included in this observational clinical cohort study, while forty-four eyes of 22 healthy participants were enrolled as controls. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were obtained from each participant using the RTVue XR Avanti device with AngioVue software 2.0. Results: Regarding the total macular-associated vessel density (VD), including that of the superficial and deep retina , the optic disc-associated capillary density (CD), including that of the whole image, CD inside the disc and the ...

Purpose: To analyze the temporal trends in structural changes using spectral domain – optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and functional changes using multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery. Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled 69 patients with macula-off RRD who underwent successful surgery. ETDRS visual acuity, mfERG evaluation of the central 5 degrees, and SD-OCT were recorded at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months (M) after surgery. The fellow eye served as the control group for mfERG parameters. Results: Between M1 and M12, visual acuity improved from 64 to 75 letters ( P =0.001) and implicit time of N1 ...

Précis: We found no significant differences in peripapillary and macula microcirculation blood flow metrics in eyes with open angle glaucoma of African descent (AD) and European Descent (ED) as detected by optical coherence tomography-angiography ( OCTA ). Purpose: To investigate the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular vascular microcirculation in subjects of African descent (AD) and European descent (ED) with open-angle glaucoma using optical coherence tomography-angiography ( OCTA ). Patients and Methods: One eye from each subject was scanned using AngioPlex OCTA system (Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA) covering both a 6 ×6▒mm scanning area centered at the optic nerve ...

SIGNIFICANCE Nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) has been linked with vascular insufficiency, although the pathophysiology remains elusive. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a promising technology that noninvasively evaluates optic disc perfusion and that may help to characterize peripapillary vascular changes in NAION. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate peripapillary vascularity in NAION eyes and to compare it with fellow unaffected eyes and healthy control eyes using OCTA. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, OCTA of the optic nerve head was obtained in 10 nonacute unilateral NAION and 12 healthy age-matched controls using ZEISS Angioplex. Quantitative analysis of peripapillary retinal and ...

The choroid is the vascular structure nourishing the retinal pigment epithelium and the outer retina and it plays a key role in the homeostasis of the eye both under physiological and pathological conditions. In the last 20 years we have moved from “guessing” what was happening beyond the retinal pigment epithelium to actually visualize structural and functional changes of the choroid in vivo noninvasively. In this review we describe the state of the art of choroidal imaging , focusing on the multiple techniques available in the clinical and research setting including indocyanine green angiography , labeled-cells angiographies, optical coherence tomography (OCT), enhanced ...

To misquote William Shakespeare: "It is not in the star4s to hold our destiny but  in the macrophages of our coronary plaques"

Purpose: To report 2 cases of herpes simplex virus (HSV) stromal keratitis with epithelial ulceration that were managed using optical coherence tomography–generated pachymetric and corneal epithelial thickness maps. Methods: Two patients with a history of HSV keratitis with nonhealing epithelial defects were referred to the Athens Vision Eye Institute. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography–generated pachymetric and corneal epithelial thickness maps showed subclinical stromal edema and irregular epithelium, thus indicating diagnoses of HSV stromal keratitis with epithelial ulceration. The patients were administered topical preservative-free dexamethasone and oral antiviral therapy. Steroid tapering was guided by pachymetric and corneal epithelial thickness ...