Objectives: To identify preprocedural predictors of side branch (SB) complications after coronary bifurcation stent implantation using frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT). Background: Coronary bifurcation lesions are common but difficult to treat. Longitudinal reconstruction images of FD-OCT have high image quality and less motion artifacts. Methods: Among 49 patients (age: 69.9 years) who underwent elective coronary stenting, 52 bifurcation lesions without baseline SB stenosis were studied. SB complication was defined as angiographic worsening of SB stenosis (>75%). On the basis of preprocedural FD-OCT imaging, plaque distribution, SB angle, carina tip angle (CT angle), and length between proximal branching point ...

PURPOSE: The emergence of supermicrosurgery has enabled reconstructive surgery to enter into a new era by advancing a series of novel techniques including lymphaticovenous anastomosis, fingertip replantation, and perforator flap surgery. Nonetheless, super-microsurgery techniques impose great technical challenges. The instant monitoring and evaluation of the patency of the anastomosis, in particular of intraluminal structure, is critical to be able to predict the necessity of early re-intervention and thus reduce/avoid complications and improve surgical success rates. Real-time 3D fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (3D FD-OCT) is a powerful imaging system, which uniquely provides noninvasive, in vivo real-time images on a micrometer-scale ...

Purpose: To describe the features of choroidal lymphoma on enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Methods: This retrospective observational case series included 14 eyes of 13 patients, with choroidal lymphoma, studied by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Results: The mean age at presentation was 63 years (median, 65 years; range, 32-87 years). Systemic lymphoproliferative disease was present in 2 cases as non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 1) or Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (n = 1). On clinical examination, the choroidal infiltrate was classified as unifocal (n = 3), multifocal (n = 4), or diffuse (n = 7). Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography scans through the tumor ...

Patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) represent a heterogeneous group in terms of jeopardized myocardium, pathogenetic mechanisms, and risk of recurrent events. In particular, estimation of myocardium at risk may be challenging before angiography. Yet the mechanisms leading to coronary instability underlying acute coronary syndromes (ACS) have not been completely elucidated. In this report (figure), we describe the potential utility of FDG PET in defining the myocardium at risk and to unravel coronary inflammation in one NSTEMI patient with normal level of C-reactive protein. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of culprit lesions are also shown.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of high-resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography (HR-SDOCT) to guide donor tissue preparation in Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty using the reverse big bubble technique. Methods: Three corneoscleral discs were included in this ex vivo experimental study. A 27-G cannula was introduced into each cornea at the periphery by 3 different surgeons. Each surgeon attempted to achieve the ideal depth (pre-Descemetic plane) of the tip of the cannula for air injection to produce the reverse big bubble to separate the Descemet membrane (DM) from the posterior stroma. A supine optical ...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate via Fourier-domain anterior-segment optical coherence tomography 3-dimensional corneal, epithelial, and graft thickness changes after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). Methods: Sixteen eyes were investigated preoperatively and up to 6 months postoperatively for preoperative and postoperative central corneal thickness (CCT), minimum corneal thickness, central graft thickness (CGT), and for epithelial topographic thickness variability. An age-matched and gender-matched control group of 32 healthy eyes was used for comparison. Results: In the DSAEK group, the preoperative CCT was 582.32 +/- 45.24 (550-615) [mu]m. One-month postoperatively, the CCT was 736.26 +/- 34 ...

Objective: Using a custom-developed segmentation algorithm, agreement of corneal epithelial thickness profile measurements between two spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) systems was assessed. Methods: Eighteen left eyes (18 subjects; mean+/-standard deviation; age, 23.2+/-0.9 years) were imaged twice on nonconsecutive days by a custom-built ultra-high resolution OCT (UHR-OCT) system and a commercial RTVue OCT system. A segmentation algorithm based on axial gradient information and a shortest path search was developed to measure corneal epithelial thickness profiles from the SD-OCT images. Results: There was good correlation between the automated and manual segmentation positions of the epithelium. The ...

Hypothesis Cochlear pathology can be evaluated in living animals using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Background The current imaging methods available for the detailed analysis of cochlear pathology in a clinical setting provide only limited information. Thus, a cochlear imaging modality with high definition is needed for improving the diagnosis of cochlear pathology. OCT has been used in other fields for obtaining high-resolution subsurface images, and its use could potentially be extended to the analysis of cochlear pathogenesis. Methods Slc26a4 (–/–) mice, which generate endolymphatic hydrops, and their littermates were used in this study. Auditory function was monitored by the auditory brainstem ...

Purpose: To describe the appearance of acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis, a rare ocular manifestation of syphilis, on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) both before and after treatment. Methods: Ophthalmic examination and imaging studies of 30 eyes of 19 confirmed cases were analyzed both at the time of presentation and at each follow-up visit. Patients with SD OCT and fluorescein angiography at the time of presentation, and at least three documented follow-up visits after initiation of therapy, were included in the study. Standard treatment of neurosyphilis was given to each patient, including 4 million units of penicillin G ...

PURPOSE:: The aim of this study was to use Fourier domain optical coherence tomography to predict transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy outcomes. METHODS:: This is a prospective case series. Subjects with anterior stromal corneal opacities underwent an excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) combined with a photorefractive keratectomy using the VISX S4 excimer laser (AMO, Inc, Santa Ana, CA). Preoperative and postoperative Fourier domain optical coherence tomography images were used to develop a simulation algorithm to predict treatment outcomes. Main outcome measures included preoperative and postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuities and corrected distance visual acuity. RESULTS:: Nine eyes of 8 patients were treated ...

Letter to the Editor

Purpose: To determine the sensitivity of the Cirrus high-definition (HD) 5-line raster scans for detecting retinal fluid in neovascular age-related macular degeneration when using the spectral domain optical coherence tomography macular cubes as a gold standard. Methods: Patients were retrospectively identified from their initial follow-up visit after being newly diagnosed with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in at least one eye. Patients were imaged with Cirrus spectral domain optical coherence tomography using the 512 x 128 macular cube scan and HD 5-line raster scan settings. Patients with other diseases that cause subretinal or intraretinal fluid, or who had an epiretinal membrane ...

Purpose: To evaluate retinal and optical coherence tomography findings and establish their prevalence in preeclamptic women. Methods: Twenty-seven preeclamptic women who underwent clinical examinations with both slit-lamp biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography were prospectively studied. Results: Three of the 4 women (14.8%) identified by clinical examinations as having retinal findings related to preeclampsia had visual disturbances. Optical coherence tomography revealed retinal pathology in 2 women (7.4%) consisting of retinal edema, subretinal fluid, photoreceptors irregularities, and lesions at the retinal pigment epithelium level (Elschnig spots). The mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was significantly higher in women with pathologic ...

Purpose: To investigate the clinical features of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in relation to the presence of a prominent middle limiting membrane (p-MLM) sign on presenting optical coherence tomography, which may suggest macular ischemia and poor visual outcome. Methods: Fifty consecutive eyes with acute CRVO of <1 month of symptom duration before presentation were retrospectively reviewed. A hyperreflective line located in the outer plexiform layer (p-MLM) in optical coherence tomography was used as a sign of acute ischemia. Cases with p-MLM were grouped and compared with the group of eyes with no p-MLM sign (non-MLM group) for clinical features ...

Purpose of review: Recent developments in anterior segment imaging enable high-resolution imaging with higher speeds than previous systems. This review will focus on advances in optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the anterior segment with an emphasis on angle evaluation Recent findings: Anterior segment imaging with OCT is possible with both time domain and Fourier domain devices, and with light sources of different wavelengths. Recent studies have identified new risk factors for angle closure and prediction models incorporating quantitative angle width parameters have been developed for detection of gonioscopically defined angle closure. Swept source OCT is a variation of Fourier ...

Purpose of review: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), optic nerve head (ONH) and macula has gained popularity in recent years to detect and monitor glaucoma. With significant improvement in scan speed and scan resolution, spectral-domain OCT has become an efficient platform to evaluate progressive RNFL thinning and ONH remodeling. This review summarizes the recent progress of OCT RNFL, ONH and macular measurements for the detection of glaucoma progression. Recent findings: The RNFL thickness map facilitates visualization of RNFL defects and their progression patterns, and attains a higher sensitivity to detect glaucoma progression compared ...

Purpose: To assess long-term intrascleral space maintenance after nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) without implant placement and with application of intraoperative mitomycin-C, using Visante anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional, observational, case series study examined 47 eyes from 47 consecutive patients who had undergone NPDS 58.34±23.77 months earlier. All participants underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination. The presence of intrascleral space and its maximum anteroposterior and transverse lengths, maximum height, and volume were evaluated. The thickness of the trabeculo-Descemet membrane, presence and type of any subconjunctival filtering bleb, as well as scleral and suprachoroidal ...

PURPOSE:: To study prognostic spectral domain optical coherence tomography parameters in diabetic cystoid macular edema after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. METHODS:: Retrospective cohort study included 49 eyes with the new onset diabetic cystoid macular edema that had to have a macular spectral domain optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography at presentation. The baseline optical coherence tomography scans were analyzed for variables indicative of the extent of retinal involvement by the cystoid change and its location about the center. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed comparing the optical coherence tomography findings between the two groups of eyes: the "No improvement ...

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of intravitreal ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) implant on mean macular thickness (MMT) in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa using high-resolution Fourier domain optical coherence tomography imaging. Methods: A cohort of 8 patients (CNTF-3: n = 5; CNTF-4: n = 3) enrolled in Neurotech sponsored Phase 2 clinical trial underwent Fourier domain optical coherence tomography imaging. A >=3% change in MMT from baseline or fellow eye was considered as a measurable change. Results: Two patients enrolled in the CNTF-3 study received low-dose implant. At 18 months, a change in MMT from -4.47 [mu]m to 6 [mu]m ...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the current state-of-the-art intracoronary imaging modality that allows visualization of detailed morphological characteristics of both atherosclerotic plaque and stent. So far, three expert review documents have been released for standardization of OCT image analysis. In the real world, a variety of definitions are being used by different groups and by different core laboratories to analyze OCT findings because of different clinical/procedural contexts in which OCT research has been carried out. This comprehensive overview is aimed to summarize different applicable definitions used by different research groups in plaque and stent analysis using OCT. In addition ...

Purpose: To evaluate the imaging features of choroidal metastasis using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Methods: Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography imaging features of 24 choroidal metastatic tumors with <2.5 mm of thickness on ultrasonography were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Of the 24 tumors, 10 (42%) were located at the macula and 14 (58%) between the macula and equator. Tumor was plateau-shaped in 18 (75%) tumors and dome-shaped in 6 (25%) tumors. On EDI-OCT, choroidal metastasis showed low internal optical reflectivity in 17 (71%) tumors and high internal reflectivity in 7 (29%) tumors. Most common associated features ...

Purpose: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used to automatically measure accommodative biometric changes in the anterior segment of eyes implanted with an intraocular lens (IOL). The repeatability and reliability of the automated measurements were also evaluated. Methods: Long scan depth SD-OCT was used to image the anterior segment of eyes implanted with IOLs. A fully automated algorithm was used to detect the boundaries of the cornea and IOL and yielded the measurements. The results included anterior segment dimensions in IOL eyes and the deflection of the IOLs. Automated measurements were validated in vitro and compared with the manual results ...

BACKGROUND:: To investigate the optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual field findings in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA). METHODS:: Ten eyes of 10 patients with genetically confirmed FRDA were included in this study. Twenty-two eyes of 22 age- and sex-matched volunteers served as controls. All eyes were examined with spectral domain OCT (Retinascan Advanced RS-3000; NIDEK) and Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA II 750; Zeiss-Humphrey Systems). RESULTS:: OCT measurements of the average peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, average peripapillary retinal thickness (RT), and foveal RT showed a statistically significant reduction in patients with FRDA (P < 0.0001). There was no statistically ...

Purpose: To describe the choroidal findings in eyes affected by choroidal osteoma imaged by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Methods: Retrospective case series. Results: Seven eyes from five patients with choroidal osteoma were included in the study. Patients mean age of presentation was 26 years (median, 34; range, 6-37 years) and mean best-corrected visual acuity was 20/32 (median, 20/20; range, 20/20-20/200). Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography examination revealed normal inner retina in all the cases and normal outer retina in three eyes. Abnormalities included irregularities in external limiting membrane (n = 2), myoid zone (n ...