Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and utility of microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography in patients undergoing full-thickness neurosensory retinal autograft for refractory macular hole (MH)-associated retinal detachment. Methods: We analyzed two eyes of two patients who had undergone a neurosensory retinal autograft for large MH associated retinal detachment. Both cases had microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography–guided placement and sizing of the retinal autograft. Time taken for obtaining microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography images, morphology of the retinal autograft (intraoperative and postoperative), and anatomic and functional outcomes were noted. Results: The first case had optic disc pit–related maculopathy with a large ...

Purpose: To report the outcomes of eyes receiving surgical management for traumatic macular holes. To describe the preoperative and postoperative optical coherence tomography features of traumatic macular holes and to explore associations between preoperative clinical and optical coherence tomography features, and visual outcome. Methods: Retrospective study of patients undergoing vitrectomy for traumatic macular hole and entered into the Australian and New Zealand Society of Retinal Specialists surgical registry. Preoperative clinical data, surgical details, and 3-month postoperative outcomes were recorded prospectively. Longer-term outcomes at 12 months were requested retrospectively, as were preoperative and postoperative optical coherence tomography scans. Results: Hole closure ...

Purpose: To investigate the microstructure of cystoid macular edema (CME) in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and the associated vascular changes using optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. Methods: In this retrospective study, we included 42 eyes of 21 patients with RP and age-similar normally sighted controls who underwent both OCT and optical coherence tomography angiography . Using OCT, spatial distribution of CME and the retinal layer, which CME located, was examined. Optical coherence tomography angiography images of the superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus were obtained. Foveal and parafoveal flow densities in each layer and foveal avascular zone area were measured. Results ...

Purpose: Macular edema is a common retinal disease which may leave important anatomical and functional sequelaes. Directional fundus imaging consists of comparing on- and off-axis images to reveal angle-dependent reflectance properties of fundus structures, which may be related to misaligned photoreceptors . Here, we analyzed directional optical coherence tomography (OCT) and flood-illumination adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy images to detect evidence of misaligned photoreceptors following macular edema . Methods: Transversal, observational study. Nine patients having recovered a normal macular profile after macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion were included. For each patient, a reference OCT scan (i.e., with the incident beam normal ...

Objective Blood pressure variability (BPV) is considered as a novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease including left ventricular hypertrophy, vascular stiffness, and renal dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between ambulatory BPV with subclinical organ damage and vascular stiffness parameters in normotensive healthy subjects. Methods A total of 100 healthy subjects over 18 years of age were included in this cross-sectional study. We divided the participants into two groups according to the median value of the SD of mean 24-h blood pressure (BP) (Group 1: SD of mean 24-h BP <10.15 and Group 2: SD ...

Purpose: To report a rare case of pachychoroid neovasculopathy in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and to describe its features and changes after treatment with bevacizumab as documented by swept-source optical coherence angiography. Methods: A case report of a 69-year-old man with a history of RP who presented at our clinic with an acute decrease in visual acuity (Best corrected visual acuity) in his left eye. Results: Upon the first examination, best-corrected visual acuity in the left eye was 20/50. Fundus examination and fundus autofluorescence showed bilaterally typical features of RP, and enhanced depth imaging–optical coherence tomography revealed a pachychoroid ...

Purpose of review Current recommendations for glaucoma screening are decidedly neutral. No studies have yet documented improved long-term outcomes for individuals who undergo glaucoma screening versus those who do not. Given the long duration that would be required to detect a benefit, future studies that may answer this question definitively are unlikely. Nevertheless, advances in artificial intelligence and telemedicine will lead to more effective screening at lower cost. With these new technologies, additional research is needed to determine the costs and benefits of screening for glaucoma . Recent findings Using optic disc photographs and/or optical coherence tomography, deep learning systems ...

Background: We investigated the performance of glaucoma assessment using RS-3000 spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with a long axial length normative database (LAND) versus Cirrus HD-OCT in eyes with high myopia . Methods: This is a prospective case-control study. Eyes with axial length ≥26 mm were enrolled, including 40 control eyes and 41 eyes with primary open angle glaucoma . Each participant received OCT imaging with both devices at the same visit. We calculated the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) parameters, and compared the false-positive and ...

Primary angle closure disease (PACD) covers a spectrum that includes primary angle closure suspect, primary angle closure, primary angle closure glaucoma, and acute primary angle closure. Accumulating evidence suggests that the pathogenesis of PACD is complex, with multiple contributory factors including variations in the anatomic or biometric characteristics of the angle segment structures. Advances in anterior segment optical coherence tomography technology have further enhanced our understanding of the risk factors and mechanisms involved in the disease process. This review discusses the potential clinical role of the anterior segment optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis, mechanistic evaluation, and as a predictor ...

Precis: Parapapillary choroidal microvasculature dropout (MvD), as observed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography, was useful to detect glaucomatous damage in highly myopic eyes with unreliable OCT results due to segmentation errors. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) imaging of the peripapillary choroidal microvasculature in detecting glaucomatous damage in highly myopic eyes, in cases where evaluating the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) is unreliable due to OCT segmentation errors. Materials and Methods: Forty-five highly myopic eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with an axial length >26 ...

Objective The level of inhibition of platelet aggregation immediately before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is known to be related to early periprocedural outcomes. Ticagrelor is a reversible P2Y12 inhibitor that provides faster and more effective platelet inhibition compared to clopidogrel. This study sought to compare the antiplatelet effect on residual thrombus between early vs. delayed administration of ticagrelor following PCI in patients presenting with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS). Methods and Results Patients presenting with NSTE-ACS were screened in eight Korean centers, and randomized to receive ticagrelor either on presentation (early treatment) or immediately before PCI (delayed treatment). The primary ...

Purpose: To map and measure the depths of corneal neovascularization (NV) using 3-dimensional optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) at 2 different wavelengths. Methods: Corneal NV of varying severity, distribution, and underlying etiology was examined. Average NV depth and vessel density were measured using 840-nm spectral-domain OCTA and 1050-nm swept-source OCTA. The OCTA results were compared with clinical slit-lamp estimation of NV depth. Results: Twelve eyes with corneal NV from 12 patients were imaged with OCTA. Clinically “superficial,” “midstromal,” and “deep” cases had an average vessel depth of 23%, 39%, and 66% on 1050-nm OCTA, respectively. Average vessel depth on OCTA ...

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and healthy individuals and to investigate associations between these data and the patients’ systemic findings. Materials and Methods: The study included 108 eyes of 54 patients with SCD with no visual symptoms and a control group consisting of 110 eyes of 55 healthy subjects with no systemic or ocular pathology. After best-corrected visual acuity assessment, the study participants underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination including intraocular pressure. After examination and pupil dilation induced with 1% tropicamide, 9×9 mm ...

Background/Purpose: Posterior microphthalmos is a rare ocular condition characterized by a disproportionately small posterior segment and multiple retinal abnormalities. The diagnosis can be challenging, and novel findings on optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) angiography may help to identify this unusual disorder. The purpose of this study is to report OCT and OCT angiography findings in two siblings with posterior microphthalmos . Methods: Case series at an academic eye institute including two affected siblings with posterior microphthalmos . Results: The results of OCT testing in two siblings with posterior microphthalmos illustrated bilateral papillomacular retinal fold and loss of the foveal depression. Optical coherence ...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the biometric parameters of crystalline lens components and to find effective factors for predicting postoperative intraocular lens (IOL) position. This retrospective study included 97 eyes from 97 patients with a mean age of 63.00 ± 12.38 (SD) years. The biometric measurements were performed by means of a 3-dimensional optical coherence tomography (3D-OCT) device. Specifically, anterior chamber depth (ACD), aqueous depth (AD), lens thickness (LT), lens meridian parameter (LMP), white-to-white diameters (WTW), anterior segment length (ASL), the anterior part of lens (aLT), and the posterior part of lens (pLT) were measured. Additionally ...

Purpose: To examine the relationship between macular microvasculature parameters and functional changes in persons with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: Cross-sectional study of 76 eyes with varying levels of DR. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) quantified superficial and deep perifoveal vessel densities and foveal avascular zone areas. Retinal sensitivity was measured using microperimetry . Optical coherence tomography angiography parameters and retinal sensitivity were correlated. Results: Deep perifoveal vessel density decreased with increasing severity of DR (adjusted mean 51.93 vs. 49.89 vs. 47.96, P -trend = 0.005). Superficial and deep foveal avascular zone area increased with increasing DR severity (adjusted ...

Purpose: To compare the repeatability and agreement between a swept-source biometer and a Scheimpflug biometer in cataract patients. Methods: Three consecutive measurements were obtained using a swept-source biometer (IOLMaster 700) and a Scheimpflug biometer (AL-Scan) in 52 eyes of 52 patients. Keratometry, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), axial length , and white-to-white (WTW) distance were recorded. Astigmatism values were transformed into vector components of J0 and J45. Intraoperator repeatability was analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and reproducibility coefficients (RCs). Agreement of measurements between the two devices was evaluated using the Bland–Altman method. Results: The IOLMaster 700 ...

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) during vitrectomy for acute endophthalmitis . Methods: The intraoperative and postoperative images of an 87-year-old woman with acute endophthalmitis after uncomplicated cataract surgery were analyzed. Results: At presentation, the vision of the patient was 20/2000, and the preoperative OCT was unable to obtain clear images because of vitreous opacities. Intraoperative OCT showed that the inner retinal layer was hyperreflective because of diffuse retinal edema. Cystic changes were also present in the retina. A fibrin-like epiretinal membrane that was connected to the hyperreflective inner retinal layer was detected, and the ...

Purpose: Congenital retinal macrovessels are large aberrant retinal blood vessels that cross the horizontal raphe and can traverse the central macula. Using multimodal imaging and optical coherence tomography angiography, we describe 2 cases of congenital retinal macrovessel associated with macroaneurysms. Methods: Two patients presented for evaluation and were found to have congenital retinal macrovessels associated with macroaneurysms. Color photography, optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography angiography were performed and used to establish the diagnosis and monitor resolution at follow-up visits. Results: The first patient presented with central vision loss in the right eye and was ...

Purpose: To compare area measurements between swept source optical coherence tomography angiography ( SSOCTA ), fluorescein angiography ( FA ), and indocyanine green angiography ( ICGA ) after applying a novel deep-learning-assisted algorithm for accurate image registration. Methods: We applied an algorithm for the segmentation of blood vessels in FA , ICGA , and SSOCTA images of 24 eyes with treatment-naive neovascular age-related macular degeneration. We trained a model based on U-Net and Mask R-CNN for each imaging modality using vessel annotations and junctions to estimate scaling, translation, and rotation. For fine-tuning of the registration, vessels and the elastix framework were used. Area, perimeter, and circularity measurements were ...

Rationale: Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by craniofacial malformations, sparse hair, degenerative skin changes, eye abnormalities, dental defects, and proportionate short stature. Patient concerns: A 24-year-old Chinese male patient presented to the ophthalmologist because of his sore eye and blurred vision. Diagnoses: The final diagnosis of presented case is HSS having the main features of the syndrome, however, associated with uncommon ocular features, ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT)changes, including aphakia, glaucoma, long eye axes, cilliary abnormalities, and chorioretinal atrophy. Interventions: Antiglaucomatous medical therapy failed to reduce the pressure in the right eye ...

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Precis: Although the localized retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defects in the en face structural images showed excellent topographic correlation with those in red-free photographs, the RNFL defect was frequently misidentified by the optical coherence tomography (OCT) deviation map. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the location of localized RNFL defects using red-free fundus photographs, OCT en face structural images, and OCT RNFL deviation and thickness maps. Methods: We investigated the agreement of angular locations of localized RNFL defects. Seventy localized RNFL defects were selected in red-free photographs (red-free defect). En face images and OCT deviation and ...

Purpose: To investigate the choroidal structures in the enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomographic images in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and to determine correlations between the choroidal structures and visual functions. Methods: The enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomographic images of 100 eyes with typical RP and 60 age-, sex-, and axial length–matched normal eyes were binarized using ImageJ. The cross-sectional luminal and stromal areas of the inner and outer subfoveal choroid of 1,500- µ m width were measured. The inner choroid included the choriocapillaris and medium vessel layer, and the outer choroid included the larger vessel layer ...