Purpose: Choroideremia is a rare degenerative retinal disease that causes incurable blindness. It occurs as a result of the deficiency of the X-linked CHM gene, which encodes the Rab escort protein 1 (REP1). Gene therapy has been developed to treat CHM using adeno-associated viral vectors and is currently undergoing clinical trials. Expression of the CHM gene is ubiquitous throughout the retina, and it is therefore important to identify which retinal layers are affected in the disease process. The purpose of this study was to assess in particular the choriocapillaris using optical coherence tomography angiography because this layer is difficult to ...

Purpose: To report optical coherence tomography angiography ( OCTA ) values in healthy pediatric eyes and to identify factors that may modify these values. Methods: In this prospective observational cross-sectional study, macular OCTA images were acquired from healthy pediatric patients. Main outcome measures were 1) foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area at the level of the superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP); 2) SCP and deep retinal capillary plexus (DCP) perfusion density (based on the area of vessels); 3) SCP and DCP vessel density (based on a map with vessels of 1-pixel width); and 4) CC perfusion density. Multiple regression analysis was performed to ...

Rational: Plaque rapid progression prior to acute myocardial infarction is not a common phenomenon, and its mechanism remains unknown. Intracoronary imaging may help to assess the plaque characteristics and progression. Patient concern: A 37-year-old male patient suffered an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) 1 month after the diagnosis of a mildly stenosed coronary artery. Intracoronary imaging was done to seek the underlying causes and guide further treatment. Diagnosis: Two coronary angiograms in 1 month showed plaque rapid progressing prior to the AMI. Intracoronary optical coherence tomography (OCT) post-AMI showed plaque erosion and heavy burden of thrombus. Intervention: The patient was advised ...

Purpose: To investigate disease activity in patients with Type 3 neovascularization undergoing anti– vascular endothelial growth factor treatment through image analysis using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: Thirty-nine treatment-naive eyes with Type 3 neovascularization were included in the retrospective analysis. All patients were treated with three loading injections of an anti– vascular endothelial growth factor agent, followed by further injections as needed. Changes in the Type 3 lesion were analyzed through OCTA imaging during the 12 months of follow-up. Results: The high-flow signal of Type 3 neovascularization on OCTA images disappeared in 46.2% eyes (19 of 39) and ...

A 41-year old male was admitted...

Purpose: To describe the findings of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in patients with microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis . Methods: The observational study included 13 eyes from 13 patients. Slit-lamp photography and AS-OCT were performed using the Swept source OCT before corneal scraping . All cases were positive for Gram-chromotrope (modified trichrome) staining for Microsporidia spp. Results: Three significant AS-OCT findings were observed. First, hyperreflective dots were limited to the epithelial layers of the cornea, and second, there were no extensions into the stromal layer in all cases. Last, hyperreflective dots slightly raised above the epithelial surface were observed in most cases (12 ...

Macular-degeneration related atrophy...

Background: Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is a mitochondrial encephalomyopathy caused by multiple mtDNA abnormalities. There is little information about the changes of ocular fundus with CPEO. The aim of this work was to measure and evaluate changes in the macular retinal thickness and optic nerve head in patients with CPEO using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and to compare the findings with those of healthy individuals. Methods: Totally, 18 CPEO patients were enrolled in this study. Healthy volunteers matched for gender, age, and diopter settings were included as a control group. The retinal thickness of macular central fovea, inner and ...

Précis: Analysis of filtering bleb morphology using swept-source 3-dimensional anterior segment optical coherence tomography (3D AS-OCT) indicates that phacoemulsification can negatively impact the morphology of preexisting filtering blebs. Purpose: To identify the cross-sectional morphologic changes in successful filtering blebs after phacoemulsification using swept-source 3D AS-OCT. Materials and Methods: In total, 30 phakic eyes of 29 patients with successful filtering blebs after primary trabeculectomy were included in this retrospective cohort study. Success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP)≤15 mm Hg and a>20% reduction in IOP without glaucoma medication or additional glaucoma surgery after trabeculectomy . The subjects were classified ...

Purpose: The main aim of this article was to study the longitudinal correlation between the clinical, morphological appearance of filtering blebs with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in the early postoperative period. Methods: Thirty eyes of 30 glaucoma patients scheduled for first-time trabeculectomy with 0.02% mitomycin-C were consecutively enrolled. The filtering blebs were evaluated clinically according to a grading system and with AS-OCT at day 1 and weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 12 following surgery. Bleb wall thickness (BWT) and bleb cavity height (BCH) were analyzed by means of horizontal and vertical AS-OCT scans. Results: Nineteen eyes ...

Precis: When comparing 4.5×4.5 mm to 6.0×6.0 mm optical coherence tomography angiography scans of the radial peripapillary capillaries (RPCs) for glaucoma diagnostic capability, there was a trend of 4.5 scans outperforming 6.0 scans, especially for inferior, nasal, and superior quadrants. Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to compare diagnostic ability of peripapillary vessel parameters from 4.5×4.5 mm (4.5) and 6.0×6.0 mm (6.0) spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography scans of the RPC in detecting primary open-angle glaucoma from nonglaucoma eyes. Methods: Consecutive patients ...

SIGNIFICANCE Pregnancy-induced hypertension is a unique yet common complication in pregnant women and may cause retinopathy. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) may help find the features of retinopathy that are difficult to observe through fundus examination. Not all patients can fully recover from retinopathy. PURPOSE This report describes a case of pregnancy-induced hypertension with retinopathy and represents the features of retinopathy in OCT and fundus fluorescein angiography. CASE REPORT A 29-year-old pregnant woman presented with bilateral blurred vision and xanthopsia 2 days before her induced labor; she was also diagnosed as pre-eclamptic in the obstetrics department. The vision in her right ...

Background Data from prior studies have shown increased risk of adverse outcomes with bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) compared with drug-eluting stents. Objective The objective of this study was to study the long-term outcomes with routine use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for optimization of BVS implantation. Patients and methods Clinical, procedural, and outcome data were collected for all patients who received ABSORB BVS between February 2014 and March 2016 in our tertiary center ( n =86). Preimplantation and postimplantation OCT was performed in all cases. Outcomes of interest included acute device success and long-term clinical outcomes including cardiac mortality, target vessel ...

Purpose: To report on a new application of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a real-time imaging tool to help guide corneal biopsy . Methods: Single case report. After the negative result of a corneal biopsy , we used intraoperative OCT during repeat biopsy to assist in depth and acquisition of an anterior stromal opacity suspected to be immunoglobulin deposits. Results: The use of intraoperative OCT is a novel tool, which assisted in successful identification and conservative biopsy of corneal immunoglobulin deposits. Conclusions: Intraoperative OCT is a novel tool that assists in the identification and location of corneal pathology for biopsy.

Objectives: To evaluate corneal irregular astigmatism due to the anterior corneal surface using Fourier harmonic analysis with a Placido ring–based corneal topographer (Placido-based topographer) and three-dimensional anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) in dry eyes. Methods: Forty-four eyes of 44 subjects with dry eye and 20 eyes of 20 normal control subjects were enrolled. Corneal topographic data were obtained using a Placido-based topographer and OCT. Dioptric data from the central 3-mm zone of the anterior corneal surface were decomposed using Fourier harmonic analysis . Spherical, regular astigmatism, and irregular astigmatism (asymmetry and higher-order irregularity) refractive error components of the cornea ...

Purpose: To investigate the effect of optic disk—fovea distance (DFD) on measurements of macular intraretinal layers using spectral domain optical coherence tomography in normal subjects. Methods: One hundred and eighty-two eyes from 182 normal subjects were imaged using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The average thicknesses of eight macular intraretinal layers were measured using an automatic segmentation algorithm. Partial correlation test and multiple regression analysis were used to determine the effect of DFD on thicknesses of intraretinal layers. Results: Disk—fovea distance correlated negatively with the overall average thickness in all the intraretinal layers (r ≤ −0.17, all P ...

Purpose: To investigate the choroidal changes that occur in hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy using multimodal imaging including fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography and to correlate these changes with retinal findings obtained using OCT and fundus autofluorescence. Methods: In 20 patients (n = 40 eyes) with systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed to have HCQ retinopathy , imaging modalities including swept-source OCT, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and OCT angiography were used to evaluate retinal and choroidal changes associated with retinopathy . The assessments included specific findings such as presence of hyperfluorescent or hypofluorescent lesions on ...

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe form of acute lung injury with a mortality rate of up to 40%. Early management of ARDS has been difficult due to the lack of sensitive imaging tools and robust analysis software. We previously designed an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system to evaluate mucosa thickness (MT) post smoke inhalation, but the analysis relied on manual segmentation. The aim of this study is to assess in vivo proximal airway volume (PAV) after inhalation injury using automated OCT segmentation and correlate the PAV to lung function for rapid indication of ARDS. Methods Anesthetized ...

Purpose: To study structural chorioretinal changes in tamoxifen -treated patients. Methods: Cross-sectional case–control study comparing structural chorioretinal aspects in tamoxifen -treated patients and healthy controls. Enhanced depth spectral domain optic coherence tomography with choroidal binarization and optic coherence tomography angiography were performed. Individual retinal layer thickness and chorioretinal vascular components were compared. Subgroup analysis regarding history of chemotherapy was performed. Results: Two hundred eyes of 100 TAM-treated patients (Group 1) and 80 eyes of 40 healthy controls (Group 2) were included. Of the 200 spectral domain optic coherence tomography scans from patients, 2 showed structural changes attributable to tamoxifen ...

A 42-year-old man experienced severe chest pain eraly in the morning...

Rationale: The etiology of anterior corneal opacities and the effect of debridement cannot be determined by biomicroscopy. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) helps identify the character and depth of these lesions. Patient concerns: A 45-year-old female complained of progressive blurred vision for a long time. Slit lamp biomicroscopy showed irregular, faint scar-like opacity of anterior cornea in her both eyes. Pentacam Scheimpflug camera tomography showed irregular astigmatism of anterior corneal surface. Anterior segment spectral-domain OCT revealed thickened, hyper-reflective linings, and scattered lesions, mainly in the epithelial layer. Diagnoses: Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD). Intervention: Epithelial debridement and bandage lenses. Outcomes: The ...

SIGNIFICANCE Iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome is characterized by a difficult-to-see membrane of ectopic corneal endothelial cells, called an ICE membrane. This report demonstrates that ICE membranes are detectable by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and highlights the benefits of using AS-OCT in ICE syndrome. PURPOSE A case of ICE syndrome is reported to highlight the utility of AS-OCT in the characterization and diagnosis of the disease. CASE REPORT A 65-year-old African American man was diagnosed as having the Chandler variant of ICE syndrome of the left eye. He was treated topically for corneal edema. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography ...

SIGNIFICANCE Pattern dystrophies of the retinal pigment epithelium, often misdiagnosed as other macular conditions, were once considered a rare retinal disease. However, an increasing number of cases have recently been discovered owing to advancements in multimodal imaging and increased awareness of the condition. PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to increase awareness of pattern dystrophies and to review how to accurately diagnose and manage pattern dystrophies by understanding their presentation on fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography, and electrodiagnostic testing. CASE SERIES Three cases of patients diagnosed as having pattern dystrophies are reported. In case 1, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence ...

Purpose: To compare changes in thickness of separate retinal layers between acute central and branch retinal artery occlusion (RAO) regarding the severity grade of retinal ischemia using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography . Methods: Design : retrospective, observational case–control series. Setting: institutional. Patients: 114 patients with acute RAO. Examinations were conducted with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography at the first visit (baseline). Observations: RAO was categorized as branch (43 patients) or central RAO (71 patients) clinically. Retinal artery occlusion was categorized into the 3 grades “incomplete,” “subtotal,” and “total,” based on optical coherence tomography findings. Thickness of several retinal layers was evaluated on ...