Purpose: The aim was to evaluate the repeatability and agreement of two swept-source optical coherence tomographers for anterior segment parameters in healthy subjects. Patients and methods: Automated mark of scleral spur and angle recess for the CASIA2 and manual mark of scleral spur and angle recess for the Anterion were performed, and then the measurement values of the related parameters were automatically generated. Subjects with pupil diameter (PD) differing by <15% between the 2 devices were included. PD, lens vault (LV), anterior chamber depth (ACD), angle to angle distance (ATA), anterior chamber width (ACW), anterior chamber angle (ACA), angle opening ...

Prcis: Peripapillary vessel parameters from optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) 4.5×4.5 mm scans in nonglaucomatous and glaucomatous eyes showed high repeatability and reproducibility, with higher reliability for commercially developed OCTA parameters compared with custom OCTA parameters. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess intrasession repeatability versus intersession reproducibility of peripapillary vessel parameters from 4.5×4.5 mm OCTA scans in nonglaucomatous eyes and glaucomatous eyes. Materials and methods: In a longitudinal study, peripapillary OCTA scans were quantified using research-oriented custom quantification software that calculated vessel area density (VAD) and flux and clinic-oriented commercially developed ...

Purpose: To assess retinal microvascular alterations in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and nonamnestic MCI. Methods: One hundred twelve eyes of 59 amnestic MCI participants, 32 eyes of 17 nonamnestic MCI participants, and 111 eyes of 56 controls with normal cognition were included. Optical coherence tomography angiography vessel density and perfusion density in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study 3-mm circle and ring were assessed. Retinal thickness parameters including retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness, central subfield thickness, and subfoveal choroidal thickness were also analyzed. Multivariable generalized estimating equations were used for statistical analysis ...

Purpose: To detect keratoconus only by analyzing the corneal and epithelial map parameters and patterns in optical coherence tomography (OCT). Setting: Tertiary care refractive surgery center Design: Retrospective data collection Methods: Corneal and epithelial thickness maps of normal, manifest and subclinical keratoconic eyes (according to the Belin-Ambrosio display, Pentacam, Oculus) were evaluated by spectral domain OCT (Zeiss Cirrus 5000 HD). A novel two-step decision tree was developed based on previous studies with another OCT device. In the first step, if at least one of the four independent parameters (pachymetry minimum, pachymetry minimum-median, pachymetry superonasal-inferotemporal, epithelial superonasal-inferotemporal) overrun the cutoff values ...

Precis: Eyes with tilted disc had significantly lower peripapillary vessel density (pVD) and lower long-term measurement reproducibility in OCTA. After adjusting for confounding factors, disc tilt still contributed to the reduction of pVD in most sectors. Purpose: To investigate the effect of optic disc tilt on the measurement of sectoral peripapillary vessel density (pVD) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and on the long-term measurement reproducibility. Methods: This retrospective observational case control study included 70 healthy eyes. Average and eight-sector pVDs and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thicknesses were obtained from OCTA at two visits at 1-year intervals. The ...

Significance: These cases highlight the importance of monitoring choroidal nevi with benign imaging characteristics and the potential to quantify horizontal growth using optical coherence tomography (OCT), in the absence of color fundus photography. Purpose: This study aimed to present reports of two patients with pigmented choroidal tumors with low malignant potential based on their multimodal imaging features at the time of referral, but access to prior OCT imaging confirmed horizontal growth consistent with melanoma.Case ReportsTwo patients with pigmented, dome shaped, subfoveal tumors were referred. Both tumors had basal diameters greater than 5 mm, but no other risk factor for ...

Background: Late capsular blockage syndrome (CBS) is a rare phenomenon which is found after cataract surgery. The mechanism, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) presentation and clinical characteristics are not well studied. Methods: We studied patients who developed late CBS in Taipei Veterans General Hospital from 2012 to 2019. Age, sex, systemic disease, ocular disease, interval between cataract surgery and CBS, axial length, type of intraocular lens implanted, grading of posterior capsular opacity, refraction, visual acuity, and anterior segment OCT findings were documented. Patients are categorized into two groups according to anterior segment OCT findings. All patients underwent Nd:YAG ...

Purpose: To define the clinical and optical coherence tomography (OCT) morphology of the lacrimal punctum and assess the age-related changes across 8 decades of life in a normal population. Methods: A total of 1310 high-magnification slit-lamp, Fourier-domain OCT (FD-OCT), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were obtained from 320 puncta of normal asymptomatic individuals representing the Indian population. The punctum and peri-punctal area were defined with the help of 2 rims (inner punctal rim and outer punctal rim ) and 3 zones (white zone [Wz], separation zone [Sz], and peri-punctal vascularity). FD-OCT images were used to measure the external punctal ...

Précis: Among subjects with glaucoma, wedge-shaped defects on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) were associated with disc hemorrhages (DH), paracentral visual field (VF) defects, increased cup-to-disc ratio (CDR), and thinner retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Purpose: To examine determinants of wedge defects on peripapillary OCTA in glaucoma. Materials and Methods: A total of 278 eyes of 186 subjects with mild to severe primary open-angle glaucoma underwent 6×6 spectral-domain OCTA imaging of the superficial peripapillary retina from 2016 to 2020 at an academic practice. Wedge defects were defined as focal microvasculature loss that extends outward from the optic nerve ...

Purpose: To measure net corneal astigmatism using optical coherence tomography (OCT, Avanti, Optovue) in individuals with keratoconus and compare its repeatability and accuracy with those obtained using Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam HR, Oculus). Setting: Casey Eye Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA. Design: Prospective cross-sectional observational study. Methods: Net corneal astigmatism was calculated in keratoconic and normal eyes with OCT and Scheimpflug imaging using four settings - pupil or vertex centration settings with a 3 or 4 mm circular analytical zone. Corneal elevation maps were obtained from OCT images and fitted with Zernike polynomials to obtain net corneal astigmatism. Manifest refraction astigmatism was used ...

Purpose: To compare quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography parameters between polypoidal choroidal neovascularizations (PCNVs) and Type 1 choroidal neovascularizations (CNVs) in patients with age-related macular degeneration. Methods: PCNV and Type 1 CNV lesions were retrospectively recruited in a cohort of patients with age-related macular degeneration. All the patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation, including best-corrected visual acuity, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, structural optical coherence tomography (OCT), and optical coherence tomography angiography. Vascular perfusion density, fractal dimension, and lacunarity were computed by means of fractal analysis of neovascular en face optical coherence tomography angiography slabs. Results: Sixty-eight eyes were included ...

Purpose: To evaluate the agreement in biometry measurements and Intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations between two integrated swept-source-optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) tomography/ biometry devices: the Eyestar 900 (Haag-Streit Diagnostics, Koeniz, Switzerland) and the Anterion (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). Setting: Tel-Aviv-Medical-Center Design: Retrospective comparative study Methods: Included were 113 eyes of 66 consecutive subjects who have been evaluated prior to cataract surgery using both devices on the same visit. Measurements of axial length, anterior and posterior keratometry, anterior chamber depth, corneal diameter (CD), central corneal thickness and lens thickness were recorded from both devices and analyzed for agreement and correlation. IOL ...

Purpose: To investigate the factors associated with visual improvement in response to oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and the occurrence of microvascular changes in patients with retinitis pigmentosa-associated cystoid macular edema (RP-CME). Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 59 eyes from 39 patients with RP-CME who underwent at least 3 month of oral CAI treatment. The eyes were divided into responding and non-responding groups based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) criteria (resolution of cyst and reduction of foveal or parafoveal volume). All eyes were assessed before and after treatment using OCT and OCT angiography. Results: Thirty-three eyes (55.9%) demonstrated ...

Purpose: To identify baseline morphological predictors of lesion shrinkage in eyes with myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methods: This retrospective study included 46 eyes (41 consecutive patients) with active mCNV receiving anti-VEGF treatment. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed at baseline and 1 year after treatment. Quantitative features were obtained from OCTA images using AngioTool software. Eyes were classified as "high-shrinkage" or "low-shrinkage" according to the median relative change in lesion area. Baseline quantitative morphological features associated with mCNV shrinkage were identified in univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The mCNV area was significantly ...

Purpose: To present two cases of concomitant retinal neovascularization (RNV) in acquired peripheral retinoschisis and analyze its characteristics on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and based on a literature review. Methods: This was an observational, retrospective case study. Results: Case 1 presented with bullous retinoschisis and RNV near the schisis cavity. OCTA revealed no angioflow into the retinal arterioles of the cavity. An arterial filling delay to the retinoschisis with extensive leakage from the RNV was noted on fluorescein angiography. Case 2 involved the superficial retinoschisis and telangiectatic vessels inside the schisis cavity. OCTA revealed damage to the superficial capillary ...

Purpose: To assess changes in choroidal thickness & blood flow in active Vogt Koyanagi Harada (VKH) syndrome and after remission using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: This was a prospective study of patients with active early uveitis secondary to VKH. They underwent OCTA imaging twice: at baseline and after remission on treatment. 3x3 & 6x6 mm choriocapillaris slabs were used to evaluate parafoveal adjusted flow index (AFI) as a marker for choroidal blood flow. Mean choroidal thickness (CT) of 3 points (subfoveally and 2 points 300um parafoveally) were also measured. Results: 39 eyes of 25 patients were initially recruited. After excluding ...

Structural and functional alterations in the microcirculation by systemic hypertension can cause significant organ damage at the eye, heart, brain, and kidneys. As the retina is the only tissue in the body that allows direct imaging of small vessels, the relationship of hypertensive retinopathy signs with development of disease states in other organs have been extensively studied; large-scale epidemiological studies using fundus photography and advanced semi-automated analysis software have reported the association of retinopathy signs with hypertensive end-organ damage includes the following: stroke, dementia, and coronary heart disease. Although yielding much useful information, the vessels assessed from fundus photographs remain ...

Purpose: To assess agreement of measurements by 2 swept-source optical coherence tomography biometers and to evaluate the prediction error (PE) in intraocular lens power calculation with 7 formulas. Setting: Tertiary public eye hospital. Design: Consecutive observational. Methods: Axial length (AL), keratometry (K), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and corneal diameter (CD) were measured with the IOLMaster 700 (Biometer A) and Anterion (Biometer B). Agreement was quantified by the limits of agreement and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). The PE, the median absolute error, and the mean absolute error of the Barrett Universal II, EVO 2.0, Haigis, Hoffer Q ...

Purpose: To perform a macular volumetric and topographic analysis of Henle Fiber Layer (HFL) from retinal scans acquired by directional optical coherence tomography (D-OCT). Methods: 30 healthy eyes of 17 subjects were imaged using the Heidelberg SD-OCT (Spectralis®, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) with varied horizontal and vertical pupil entry. Manual segmentation of HFL was performed from retinal sections of horizontally and vertically tilted OCT images acquired within macular 20×20° area. Total HFL volume, mean HFL thickness and HFL coverage area within ETDRS grid were calculated from mapped images. Results: HFL of 30 eyes were imaged, segmented and mapped. The ...

Purpose: To determine the distribution of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and its association with different demographic and ocular parameters in adolescents. Methods: The present study is part of the second phase of the Shahroud Schoolchildren Eye cohort study, which was conducted in 2018 by re-inviting the participants in the first phase. First, preliminary ocular examinations were performed, including measurement of uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity, auto-refraction, and subjective refraction.All study participants underwent corneal imaging using Pentacam to measure central corneal thickness and corneal radius of curvature (keratometry), ocular biometry using Allegro Biograph to measure anterior ...

Background: For patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) without manifesting visual acuity impairment or visual field defect (VFD), more sensitive and objective assessment methods will allow earlier detection before irreversible damage to the visual system. This study aimed to evaluate retinal vessel densities (VDs) alterations in these patients using optical coherence tomography angiography and to determine its diagnostic abilities. Methods: Between patients with NFPA without VFDs and age-matched, sex-matched healthy control individuals, comparisons of visual field metrics, retinal structural thickness, and microcirculation were conducted after adjusting for axial length (AL) and signal index of scans. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves ...

Purpose: Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) was used to analyze Bruch's membrane (BM) and choriocapillaris (CC) abnormalities in undiagnosed family members with Sorsby macular dystrophy (SMD). Methods: In a family with SMD (TIMP3 Tyr191Cys), SS-OCTA imaging was performed using the 6X6mm scan patter and previously validated algorithms to detect abnormalities in BM and the CC, as well as the presence of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) and macular neovascularization (MNV). Genetic analyses were performed for TIMP3 mutations. Results: Of eight family members, two were previously diagnosed with SMD and six were asymptomatic. SS-OCTA imaging of the 33-year-old proband revealed type ...

Elevated intracranial pressure is sometimes observed in the setting of craniosynostosis. Common clinical symptoms include headaches, nausea, vomiting, developmental delays, and visual disturbances. 1 Some of these symptoms may be mild and unspecific in the pediatric population. In other cases, pediatric patients can present late for evaluation by the craniofacial surgeon with more concerning signs of intracranial hypertension. 2 Fundoscopic examination is commonly utilized for noninvasive evaluation of elevated intracranial pressure; however, this method has poor sensitivity in children. 3 Therefore, patients may require more sensitive and specific methods of intracranial pressure monitoring for appropriate timing and planning of operative ...

A 55-year-old Caucasian man presented to the neuro-ophthalmology department for follow-up evaluation due to long-standing bilateral optic nerve head drusen (ONHD). On examination, the BCVA was 20/20-2 in both eyes. Dilated fundus examination revealed extensive ONHD in both eyes, retinal hemorrhages, exudates inferonasal to the macula, and macular edema inferotemporal to the disc margin. Automated visual field testing revealed generalized depression in both eyes. Late phase leakage was observed on fluorescein angiography (FA). Optical coherence tomography angiography identified a small juxtapapillary choroidal neovascular membrane inferonasal to the macula in the right eye correlating with the area of retinal hemorrhage ...