Purpose: To determine whether internal limiting membrane peeling in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment prevents epiretinal membrane (ERM) development. Secondarily, we propose a classification system for postoperative ERMs. Methods: Retrospective, interventional, comparative case series. Consecutive eyes with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (n = 140) treated by a single surgeon. The presence of postoperative ERMs was assessed with swept-source optical coherence tomography . Results: An ERM was detected in 26 eyes (46.4%) in the nonpeeling group and in one eye (1.8%) in the internal limiting membrane peeling group ( P ≤ 0.001). The median visual acuity significantly improved in both groups ( P ≤ 0 ...

Purpose: To describe the vascular anatomy and intraluminal flow characteristics of segmental retinal arteritis (SRA) using structural and angiographic optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: Retrospective case series of consecutive patients presenting with SRA. All patients were evaluated at presentation with fundus photography, spectral domain OCT, and OCT angiography. One patient was imaged with dense B-scan OCT angiography. Results: Three eyes of three male patients were evaluated. All examinations were consistent with reactivation of ocular toxoplasmosis with an area of active retinochoroiditis adjacent to a focal chorioretinal scar. Spectral domain OCT through areas of SRA noted on clinical examination demonstrated areas ...

Purpose: To report optical coherence tomography angiography findings obtained in two patients with solar retinopathy . Methods: Two case reports. Results: Two patients presented with blurry vision after sun gazing during the recent solar eclipse and were found to have characteristic foveal lesions on examination and optical coherence tomography consistent with solar retinopathy . Optical coherence tomography angiography showed a focal area of nonperfusion of the choriocapillaris in the affected eyes. Conclusion: Changes to the choriocapillaris layer on optical coherence tomography angiography in two patients with solar retinopathy suggest that damage is not limited to the retina.

Purpose: The treatment of acute corneal hydrops due to keratoconus has so far been limited to awaiting the spontaneous resorption of corneal edema, supportive care, and finally keratoplasty. A recent publication describes the surgical reattachment of Descemet Membrane (DM) facilitated by pre-Descemetic sutures and anterior chamber air/gas filling. Here, we present a novel microscope-integrated intraoperative optical coherence tomography ( MI-OCT )-guided technique for the immediate reattachment of DM in corneal hydrops due to keratoconus in 2 male patients with small central DM defects. Methods: Case series of 2 consecutive patients with acute corneal hydrops due to keratoconus. The novel technique ...

Purpose: This study aimed to predict the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) based on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) parameters in eyes with keratoconus . Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 135 eyes of 135 patients with keratoconus (mean age: 31.9 ± 12.4 years). The average keratometry value and BCVA (logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution [Snellen]) were 48.68 ± 5.44 diopter and 0.20 ± 0.36 (20/25), respectively. Eleven parameters were calculated using SS-OCT. Apart from the corneal height and elevation, all the other parameters were calculated from both anterior and posterior corneal OCT data. The patients were divided ...

Objective: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) of the eye has become a valuable high-resolution imaging technique for the evaluation of retinal layer volumes in a variety of diseases such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration, but also neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease. The aim of this study was to characterize age-related neuronal retinal alterations and thereby identify risk factors for the process of retinal ageing. Design and method: This was an observational single center study including 62 healthy subjects – 25 young (aged <40 years) and 37 elderly healthy individuals (aged >/= 40 years). Macular retinal layer ...

Purpose: To characterize structural and angiographic findings in macular telangiectasia Type 2 (MacTel 2) and examine associations with visual acuity. Methods: MacTel 2 patients with complete ophthalmologic examination, including fundus photography, autofluorescence, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and projection-resolved optical coherence tomography angiography , were retrospectively evaluated. Results: There were 43 eyes of 22 patients with a mean age 63.9 (±10.3) years. Six patients had diabetes. Twenty-one eyes (48.8%) had retinal–choroidal anastomoses (RCAs) without any evidence of neovascularization extending laterally in a plane above or below the retinal pigment epithelium. None of the eyes had hemorrhage, lipid, or ...

Getting histologic images of the esophagus and other parts of the digestive tract may soon be as easy as getting patients to swallow pill-sized cameras. Called tethered capsule endomicroscopy (TCE), the technology can take multiple microscope images and it shows promise for diagnosing and monitoring Barrett's esophagus. The cameras allow for getting real-time histological images of tissue without requiring anesthesia or endoscopy in what some researchers are referring to as optical or digital tissue biopsy. TCE cameras were initially developed at The Tearney Lab at Massachusetts General Hospital and prototypes of several versions are under development. TCE is also ...

bjectives: To highlight the clinical characteristics, and visual and corneal tomographic outcomes of central toxic keratopathy (CTK) after contact lens (CL) wear and mechanical debridement . Methods: A retrospective observational case series with literature review. Results: Four patients (4 eyes) were included in this study; 3 (75%) females, mean age 29.3±8.1 years. The mean follow-up was 13.5±7.5 months. Early central or paracentral stromal opacification, assuming an inverse dome-shaped pattern observed under anterior-segment optical coherence tomography, with corneal flattening (K mean 40.4±1.3 D) and thinning (mean thinnest pachymetry=404.8±29.4 microns ...

Precis: 3D spectral domain OCT volume scans of the optic nerve head and the peripapillary area are useful in the management of glaucoma in patients with a type I or II Boston Keratoprosthesis (KPro). Purpose: To report the use of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the management of glaucoma in patients with a type I or II Boston Keratoprosthesis (KPro). Methods: Observational case series. Four consecutive patients with KPro’s were referred for glaucoma evaluation. A comprehensive eye exam was performed which included disc photography, visual field testing, and high-density spectral domain OCT volume scans of the optic ...

Précis: The diagnostic capability of peripapillary retinal volume is similar to peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness for diagnosing glaucoma, but with fewer artifacts. Purpose: To compare the diagnostic capability of three-dimensional (3D) peripapillary retinal volume (RV) versus two-dimensional (2D) peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness for open-angle glaucoma . Patients and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted. A total of 180 subjects [113 open-angle glaucomas (OAG), 67 normal participants] had spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) volume scans and RNFL thickness measurements. Peripapillary RV values were calculated using a custom-designed program with 4 circumpapillary annuli (CA): CA1 ...

Précis: Thinning of the macular retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell complex in the papillomacular bundle area contributed significantly to visual acuity decline in advanced glaucoma patients after trabeculectomy . Purpose: To identify structural parameters that could predict visual acuity (VA) decline after trabeculectomy in patients with advanced open-angle glaucoma. Patients and Methods: Retrospective review of 74 eyes of 74 patients with advanced glaucoma (defined as mean deviation (MD) −12▒dB or worse) and best-corrected VA (BCVA) of ≥40/200. All patients underwent trabeculectomy between 2013 and 2016. Measurements included intraocular pressure, BCVA, visual field parameters and optical coherence ...

Purpose: Choroideremia is a rare degenerative retinal disease that causes incurable blindness. It occurs as a result of the deficiency of the X-linked CHM gene, which encodes the Rab escort protein 1 (REP1). Gene therapy has been developed to treat CHM using adeno-associated viral vectors and is currently undergoing clinical trials. Expression of the CHM gene is ubiquitous throughout the retina, and it is therefore important to identify which retinal layers are affected in the disease process. The purpose of this study was to assess in particular the choriocapillaris using optical coherence tomography angiography because this layer is difficult to ...

Purpose: To report optical coherence tomography angiography ( OCTA ) values in healthy pediatric eyes and to identify factors that may modify these values. Methods: In this prospective observational cross-sectional study, macular OCTA images were acquired from healthy pediatric patients. Main outcome measures were 1) foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area at the level of the superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP); 2) SCP and deep retinal capillary plexus (DCP) perfusion density (based on the area of vessels); 3) SCP and DCP vessel density (based on a map with vessels of 1-pixel width); and 4) CC perfusion density. Multiple regression analysis was performed to ...

Rational: Plaque rapid progression prior to acute myocardial infarction is not a common phenomenon, and its mechanism remains unknown. Intracoronary imaging may help to assess the plaque characteristics and progression. Patient concern: A 37-year-old male patient suffered an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) 1 month after the diagnosis of a mildly stenosed coronary artery. Intracoronary imaging was done to seek the underlying causes and guide further treatment. Diagnosis: Two coronary angiograms in 1 month showed plaque rapid progressing prior to the AMI. Intracoronary optical coherence tomography (OCT) post-AMI showed plaque erosion and heavy burden of thrombus. Intervention: The patient was advised ...

Purpose: To investigate disease activity in patients with Type 3 neovascularization undergoing anti– vascular endothelial growth factor treatment through image analysis using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: Thirty-nine treatment-naive eyes with Type 3 neovascularization were included in the retrospective analysis. All patients were treated with three loading injections of an anti– vascular endothelial growth factor agent, followed by further injections as needed. Changes in the Type 3 lesion were analyzed through OCTA imaging during the 12 months of follow-up. Results: The high-flow signal of Type 3 neovascularization on OCTA images disappeared in 46.2% eyes (19 of 39) and ...

A 41-year old male was admitted...

Purpose: To describe the findings of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in patients with microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis . Methods: The observational study included 13 eyes from 13 patients. Slit-lamp photography and AS-OCT were performed using the Swept source OCT before corneal scraping . All cases were positive for Gram-chromotrope (modified trichrome) staining for Microsporidia spp. Results: Three significant AS-OCT findings were observed. First, hyperreflective dots were limited to the epithelial layers of the cornea, and second, there were no extensions into the stromal layer in all cases. Last, hyperreflective dots slightly raised above the epithelial surface were observed in most cases (12 ...

Macular-degeneration related atrophy...

Background: Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is a mitochondrial encephalomyopathy caused by multiple mtDNA abnormalities. There is little information about the changes of ocular fundus with CPEO. The aim of this work was to measure and evaluate changes in the macular retinal thickness and optic nerve head in patients with CPEO using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and to compare the findings with those of healthy individuals. Methods: Totally, 18 CPEO patients were enrolled in this study. Healthy volunteers matched for gender, age, and diopter settings were included as a control group. The retinal thickness of macular central fovea, inner and ...

Précis: Analysis of filtering bleb morphology using swept-source 3-dimensional anterior segment optical coherence tomography (3D AS-OCT) indicates that phacoemulsification can negatively impact the morphology of preexisting filtering blebs. Purpose: To identify the cross-sectional morphologic changes in successful filtering blebs after phacoemulsification using swept-source 3D AS-OCT. Materials and Methods: In total, 30 phakic eyes of 29 patients with successful filtering blebs after primary trabeculectomy were included in this retrospective cohort study. Success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP)≤15 mm Hg and a>20% reduction in IOP without glaucoma medication or additional glaucoma surgery after trabeculectomy . The subjects were classified ...

Purpose: The main aim of this article was to study the longitudinal correlation between the clinical, morphological appearance of filtering blebs with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in the early postoperative period. Methods: Thirty eyes of 30 glaucoma patients scheduled for first-time trabeculectomy with 0.02% mitomycin-C were consecutively enrolled. The filtering blebs were evaluated clinically according to a grading system and with AS-OCT at day 1 and weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 12 following surgery. Bleb wall thickness (BWT) and bleb cavity height (BCH) were analyzed by means of horizontal and vertical AS-OCT scans. Results: Nineteen eyes ...

Precis: When comparing 4.5×4.5 mm to 6.0×6.0 mm optical coherence tomography angiography scans of the radial peripapillary capillaries (RPCs) for glaucoma diagnostic capability, there was a trend of 4.5 scans outperforming 6.0 scans, especially for inferior, nasal, and superior quadrants. Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to compare diagnostic ability of peripapillary vessel parameters from 4.5×4.5 mm (4.5) and 6.0×6.0 mm (6.0) spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography scans of the RPC in detecting primary open-angle glaucoma from nonglaucoma eyes. Methods: Consecutive patients ...

SIGNIFICANCE Pregnancy-induced hypertension is a unique yet common complication in pregnant women and may cause retinopathy. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) may help find the features of retinopathy that are difficult to observe through fundus examination. Not all patients can fully recover from retinopathy. PURPOSE This report describes a case of pregnancy-induced hypertension with retinopathy and represents the features of retinopathy in OCT and fundus fluorescein angiography. CASE REPORT A 29-year-old pregnant woman presented with bilateral blurred vision and xanthopsia 2 days before her induced labor; she was also diagnosed as pre-eclamptic in the obstetrics department. The vision in her right ...