Purpose: To study the role of two anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography (AS-OCTA) systems in eyes with acute chemical injury. Methods: Prospective study in subjects with unilateral chemical injuries. Sequential slit-lamp assessment with spectral domain (SD) (AngioVue, Optovue, USA) and swept source (SS) (Plex Elite, Zeiss, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, California, USA) AS-OCTA was performed in both eyes within 24-48 hours of injury. Subjects were managed with a standard clinical protocol and followed-up for 3 months. We assessed limbal disruption (loss of normal limbal vessel architecture), limbal vessel density measurements and agreement (kappa coefficient, κ) between masked assessors of limbal ...

Background/aims: To compare glaucoma diagnostic capabilities of superficial and deep macular vessel density (mVD) parameters in a series of healthy and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) eyes with central visual field (CVF) loss. Methods: We consecutively enrolled 113 eyes of 113 patients with OAG and 47 eyes of 47 healthy participants in a retrospective manner. Superficial and deep mVDs were measured at foveal, parafoveal and perifoveal locations on optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. The macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (mGCIPLT) was measured on OCT as a reference standard. Glaucoma diagnostic capabilities of superficial and deep mVD parameters were assessed according ...

Purpose: To assess the relationship of demographics, clinical characteristics and structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings to disease recurrence in a cohort of patients with newly diagnosed myopic choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) METHODS: In this retrospective, longitudinal study, a total of 64 participants (64 eyes) with successfully treated myopic CNV had obtained resolution of exudation after treatment (study baseline) and with 3 years of regular follow-ups. Several baseline OCT qualitative features and quantitative measurements were assessed at baseline and included in the analysis. Main outcome measures included incidence of disease recurrence and HR for demographics, clinical characteristics and OCT risk factors ...

Purpose To evaluate the effect of signal strength (SS) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters, and devise an algorithm to adjust the effect, when acceptable SS cannot be obtained. Methods 5085 individuals (9582 eyes), aged ≥40 years from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases population-based study were included. Everyone underwent a standardised ocular examination and imaging with Cirrus HD-OCT. Effect of SS was evaluated using multiple structural breaks linear mixed-effect models. Expected change for increment in SS between 4 and 10 for individual parameter was calculated. Subsequently we devised and evaluated an algorithm to adjust OCT parameters to higher SS ...

Background/objective: Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) are two non-invasive imaging techniques used for the measurement of tumour thickness in corneal and bulbar conjunctival tumours. Histopathology (HP), however, remains the gold standard for the measurement of tumour thickness. The aim of this study was to determine whether AS-OCT and UBM are as accurate as HP for measuring tumour thickness. Methods: Forty-two corneal and bulbar conjunctival tumours were imaged using AS-OCT and UBM. Images were assessed and tumour thickness was measured. Eleven patients subsequently underwent surgical excision. All specimens were measured during histopathological analysis. The correlation ...

Aim To examine the associations of air pollution with both self-reported age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and in vivo measures of retinal sublayer thicknesses. Methods We included 115 954 UK Biobank participants aged 40–69 years old in this cross-sectional study. Ambient air pollution measures included particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and nitrogen oxides (NO x ). Participants with self-reported ocular conditions, high refractive error (< −6 or > +6 diopters) and poor spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) image were excluded. Self-reported AMD was used to identify overt disease. SD-OCT imaging derived photoreceptor sublayer thickness and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer thickness were ...

Background/aims Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) allows the study of vessel density (VD). We intended to perform a systematic review of studies focusing on longitudinal changes in peripapillary and macular VD measurements in glaucoma. Methods A search was performed across MEDLINE, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Google Scholar, using the following query from inception until 20 September 2019: ((“optical coherence tomography angiography”[tiab]) OR (optical coherence tomography angiography[MeSH]) OR (“OCTA”[tiab]) OR (“OCT-A”[tiab]) OR (“angio-OCT”[tiab]) OR (“OCT- angiography”[tiab]) OR (“OCT-angio”[tiab]) OR (“OCT-angiographie”[tiab])) AND (glaucom*[tiab] OR glaucoma[MeSH]). Prospective studies that quantitatively ...

Background/aims: The primary objective is to quantify the lens nuclear opacity using swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SS-ASOCT) and to evaluate its correlations with Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS-III) system and surgical parameters. The secondary objective is to assess the diagnostic performance for hard nuclear cataract. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1222 patients eligible for cataract surgery (1222 eyes). The latest SS-ASOCT (CASIA-2) was used to obtain high-resolution lens images, and the average nuclear density (AND) and maximum nuclear density (MND) were measured by a custom ImageJ software. Spearman's correlations analysis was used to assess associations ...

Purpose: To quantify retinal and choriocapillaris (CC) microvasculature in highly myopic (HM) eyes with myopic macular degeneration (MMD) using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). Methods: 162 HM eyes (spherical equivalent ≤ -6.0 dioptres or axial length (AL) ≥26.5 mm) from 98 participants were enrolled, including 60 eyes (37.0%) with tessellated fundus, 54 eyes (33.3%) with peripapillary diffuse chorioretinal atrophy (PDCA), 27 eyes (16.7%) with macular diffuse chorioretinal atrophy (MDCA) and 21 eyes (13.0%) with patchy or macular atrophy. PLEX Elite 9000 SS-OCTA was performed to obtain perfusion densities (PD) of the superficial and deep ...

Purpose: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of identifying and evaluating the choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) in punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) versus dye angiography. Methods: Consecutive patients diagnosed with PIC were enrolled in this study from June 2016 to December 2019. During the same visit, each patient underwent comprehensive ophthalmological and multimodal imaging examinations. The diagnostic accuracy of different modalities was evaluated. Results: The study included 160 affected eyes from 123 patients. Ninety-five eyes (59.38%) were identified with secondary CNV by multimodal imaging. The sensitivity and specificity for CNV detection with OCTA alone were ...

Objective To detect the plexus-specific retinal capillary avascular area in exudative age-related macular degeneration (EAMD) with projection-resolved optical coherence tomography angiography (PR-OCTA). Methods and analysis In this prospective cross-sectional single centre study, eyes with treatment-naïve EAMD underwent macular 3×3 mm OCTA with AngioVue system. OCTA scans were analysed and processed including three-dimensional projection artefact removal, retinal layer semi-automated segmentation and en face angiogram generation. Automated quantification of extrafoveal (excluding the central 1 mm circle) avascular area (EAA) were calculated on projection-resolved superficial vascular complex (SVC), intermediate capillary plexus (ICP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), respectively. Results Nineteen eyes ...

Purpose To test whether a single or composite set of parameters evaluated with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), representing retinal capillary closure, can predict non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) staging according to the gold standard ETDRS grading scheme. Methods 105 patients with diabetes, either without retinopathy or with different degrees of retinopathy (NPDR up to ETDRS grade 53), were prospectively evaluated using swept-source OCTA (SS-OCTA, PlexElite, Carl Zeiss Meditec) with 15×9 mm and 3×3 mm angiography protocols. Seven-field photographs of the fundus were obtained for ETDRS staging. Eyes from age-matched healthy subjects were also imaged as control. Results In ...

Aims To compare the efficacy of diabetic retinal neovascularisation (NV) detection using the widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (WF SS-OCTA) vitreoretinal interface (VRI) Angio slab and SS-OCT VRI Structure slab. Methods A prospective, observational study was performed at Massachusetts Eye and Ear from January 2019 to June 2020. Patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and patients with diabetes but without diabetic retinopathy were included. All patients were imaged with WF SS-OCTA using the 12×12 mm Angio scan protocol centred on the fovea and optic disc. The en-face SS-OCTA VRI Angio slab and SS-OCT ...

Background/aims To apply deep learning technology to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) system that can identify vision-threatening conditions in high myopia patients based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) macular images. Methods In this cross-sectional, prospective study, a total of 5505 qualified OCT macular images obtained from 1048 high myopia patients admitted to Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre (ZOC) from 2012 to 2017 were selected for the development of the AI system. The independent test dataset included 412 images obtained from 91 high myopia patients recruited at ZOC from January 2019 to May 2019. We adopted the InceptionResnetV2 architecture to train four ...

Aim To investigate the changes in macular vessel density (mVD) and its relationship to macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) thickness in patients receiving ethambutol (EMB) therapy for tuberculosis without recognisable clinical symptoms or signs of EMB-induced optic neuropathy (EON). Methods A total of 23 eyes of 13 patients using EMB therapy for 6 months without EON (preclinical EON) as the EMB group, 40 eyes of 23 healthy individuals as the normal control group and 18 eyes of 10 patients with tuberculosis before receiving EMB therapy as the blank control group were retrospectively analysed. The mean peripapillary retinal nerve ...

Aim: To develop a fully automatic algorithm to segment retinal cavitations on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel2). Methods: The dataset consisted of 99 eyes from 67 participants enrolled in an international, multicentre, phase 2 MacTel2 clinical trial ( NCT01949324 ). Each eye was imaged with spectral-domain OCT at three time points over 2 years. Retinal cavitations were manually segmented by a trained Reader and the retinal cavitation volume was calculated. Two convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were developed that operated in sequential stages. In the first stage, CNN1 classified whether a B-scan contained any retinal cavitations. In ...

Background/aims: To evaluate quantitative changes in the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area after glaucoma surgery using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). Methods: Fifty-four consecutive patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) who met the inclusion criteria and underwent unilateral glaucoma surgery to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) between April 2018 and July 2019.Eyes underwent IOP-lowering glaucoma surgery and their fellow (non-surgical) eyes were included. OCTA of the macula was performed in both eyes before glaucoma surgery and 3 months postoperatively. Two blinded examiners reviewed the image quality. Within- and between-group comparisons of the FAZ area and correlation of the ...

Background/Aims To determine if disorganisation of retinal inner layers (DRIL) is associated with reduced contrast sensitivity (CS) in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) with a history of macular oedema (ME). Methods Prospective, observational cohort study. Patients with a history of ME secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) from October 2017 to July 2019 at a single institution were included. Patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and CS testing using the quick contrast sensitivity function (qCSF) method. Eyes with coexisting macular disease were excluded. SD-OCT images were ...

Background/Aims Accurate isolation and quantification of intraocular dimensions in the anterior segment (AS) of the eye using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images is important in the diagnosis and treatment of many eye diseases, especially angle-closure glaucoma. Method In this study, we developed a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) for the localisation of the scleral spur; moreover, we introduced an information-rich segmentation approach for this localisation problem. An ensemble of DCNNs for the segmentation of AS structures (iris, corneosclera shell adn anterior chamber) was developed. Based on the results of two previous processes, an algorithm to automatically quantify clinically important ...

Aim To compare the repeatability of peripapillary perfusion density and flux index measurements on referenced and non-referenced optical microangiography (OMAG) scans in normal, glaucoma suspect and glaucoma eyes. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 48 eyes (33 subjects) underwent three repeat, non-referenced peripapillary OMAG scans in the same session and 43 eyes (25 subjects) underwent three referenced peripapillary OMAG scans. In the referenced scan group, repeat scans (second and the third scan) were acquired exactly on the baseline (first) scan using the ‘track to prior scan’ option on the device. Repeatability estimates of the mean and four-sector (temporal, superior, nasal and ...

Background The ability of deep learning (DL) algorithms to identify eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) from optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans has been previously established. We herewith evaluate the ability of a DL model, showing excellent performance on a Korean data set, to generalse onto an American data set despite ethnic differences. In addition, expert graders were surveyed to verify if the DL model was appropriately identifying lesions indicative of nAMD on the OCT scans. Methods Model development data set—12 247 OCT scans from South Korea; external validation data set—91 509 OCT scans from Washington, USA ...

Purpose To compare anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography (AS-OCTA) systems in delineating normal iris vessels and iris neovascularisation (NVI) in eyes with pigmented irides. Methods Prospective study from January 2019 to June 2019 of 10 consecutive patients with normal pigmented iris, had AS-OCTA scans with a described illumination technique, before using the same protocol in five eyes with NVI (clinical stages 1–3). All scans were sequentially performed using a spectral-domain OCTA (SD-OCTA), and a swept-source OCTA (SS-OCTA, Plex Elite 9000). Images were graded by two masked observers for visibility, artefacts and NVI characteristics. The main outcome measure was ...

Background/Aims To evaluate the ability of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to identify the presence or absence of choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) and CNV activity in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Clinical parameters, fundus fluorescein angiogram and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were used as the gold standard to determine disease activity. OCTA imaging was performed on the same day and was graded by two masked retina specialists for the presence or absence of CNV. Traditional multimodal imaging and OCTA findings were compared. Results One hundred and fifty-two eyes of 106 patients with AMD were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 59 ...

Purpose To evaluate genetic influence on macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness. Methods Macular GCIPL thickness was measured with optical coherence tomography in nine macular subfields defined by the E TDRS. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of GCIPL thickness by different types of family relationships were estimated to assess intrafamilial resemblance. Then, heritability of GCIPL thickness was estimated. Results Three hundred and sixty-one Korean adults from 89 families with normal healthy eyes were included. GCIPL thickness was highest in inner subfields and lowest in fovea. Monozygotic twin pairs showed significantly higher ICCs of GCIPL thickness in all subfields compared ...