Purpose To investigate optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) findings in recurrent type 3 macular neovascularisation (MNV). Methods In this retrospective cohort study, consecutive patients with type 3 MNV secondary to age-related macular degeneration underwent OCT-A at three different time points: baseline, after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment with complete resolution of the exudative signs (ie, non-exudative stage) and at the recurrence of exudation (ie, recurrence stage). Demographics and clinical findings were analysed, including OCT-A features of type 3 MNV recurrence. Results Twelve eyes (12 patients, mean age 78±7 years) were included. Using OCT-A, at baseline all type 3 MNVs ...

Aims To evaluate the associations between retinal blood flow (RBF) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) structural measurements in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) eyes with single-hemifield visual field (VF) damage by the Doppler OCT. Methods The Doppler OCT was used to measure temporal artery (TA) RBF and temporal vein (TV) RBF. Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) was measured by spectral-domain OCT. Results Forty-three consecutive eyes of 43 patients with NTG with VF defect confined to a single hemifield and 24 eyes of 24 age-matched healthy subjects were studied. TA and TV RBF and RNFLT were reduced in the damaged hemisphere compared ...

Purpose To evaluate the utility of widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (WF-OCTA) compared with clinical examination in grading diabetic retinopathy in patients diagnosed clinically with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) or severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Design This retrospective observational case series included patients diagnosed clinically with PDR or severe NPDR. Patients underwent standard clinical examination and WF-OCTA imaging (PLEX Elite 9000, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) using 12×12 montage scans between August 2018 and January 2019. Two trained graders identified neovascularisation at the disc (NVD) and neovascularisation elsewhere (NVE) on WF-OCTA which were compared with the clinical examination, and to ...

Background/aims As swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) simultaneously obtains 128 meridional scans, it is important to identify which scans are playing the main role in classifying gonioscopic angle closure to simplify the analysis. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of every meridional scan in its ability to detect gonioscopic angle closure. Methods Observational study with 2027 phakic subjects consecutively recruited from a community polyclinic. Gonioscopy and SS-OCT were performed. Gonioscopic angle closure was defined as non-visibility of the posterior trabecular meshwork in ≥180° of the angle, while SS-OCT was defined as iridotrabecular contact anterior to the scleral spur ...

Background/aims Quantitative analysis of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) images requires a reproducible approach that accounts for sectoral loss. The objective of this study was to determine whether an index that accounts for both global (perfusion density, PD) and asymmetric loss of perfusion, rather than PD alone, more reliably measures loss of perfusion in patients with glaucoma. Methods We analysed macular OCT-A scans of 95 glaucoma patients and 59 control subjects. Two-dimensional projection images corresponding to the superficial vascular plexus were exported and analyses performed to calculate global PD and image asymmetry. An unsigned perfusion asymmetry index (PAI) that ...

Aims To investigate the relationship between retinal vessel density and renal function in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) using non-invasive optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA). Methods This prospective cross-sectional study recruited ocular-treatment-naïve patients with DM registered in the community of Guangzhou, China. The retinal vessel density of the superficial capillary plexus in the macula was obtained by using swept-source OCTA imaging. The Xiangya equation was used to calculate the estimated glomerular filtrate rate (eGFR). Participants were divided into the following groups by eGFR: no chronic kidney disease (non-CKD), mild CKD and moderate-to-severe CKD (MS-CKD). Results A total of 874 ...

Background/aims To assess the performance of a deep learning classifier for differentiation of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) from compressive optic neuropathy (CON) based on ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods Eighty SD-OCT image sets from 80 eyes of 80 patients with GON along with 81 SD-OCT image sets from 54 eyes of 54 patients with CON were compiled for the study. The bottleneck features extracted from the GCIPL thickness map, GCIPL deviation map, RNFL thickness map and RNFL deviation map were used as predictors for the deep ...

Background/aims The prospective, non-interventional ORCA module of the OCEAN study (Observation of Treatment Patterns with Lucentis in Approved Indications) evaluated the qualiy of spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) image interpretation and treatment decisions by clinicians in Germany and the impact on visual outcomes over 24 months in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods 2286 SD-OCT scans of 205 eyes were independently evaluated by clinicians and reading centres (RCs) regarding signs of choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) activity, including presence of intraretinal fluid, subretinal fluid, and/or increase in pigment epithelial detachments. Agreement between clinicians and RCs was calculated. Treatment ...

Background/aims To assess the effect of partial posterior vitreous detachment (pPVD) on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFL) measurements. Methods Spectral-domain OCT RNFL thickness measurements were obtained from 684 consecutive patients who were seen in the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Glaucoma Service. Of these patients, we compared RNFL thickness measurements between 101 eyes of 101 glaucoma suspects who met inclusion criteria (55 eyes with and 46 eyes without pPVD). Results Among all 684 patients, 253 (37%) had pPVD in at least one eye. Among a subset of 101 eyes of 101 glaucoma suspects ...

Purpose To compare the foveal microvascular structure characteristics in children with a history of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) versus laser photocoagulation (LP) for retinopathy of prematurity by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 17 children (28 eyes) underwent IVR and 20 children (37 eyes) underwent LP were recruited. The age of doing OCTA examination of the two groups are 5.4±1.1 years and 6.3±1.8 years, respectively (p=0.07). Spectral-domain OCTA was performed for all the eyes with a scan size of 3×3 mm. The data ...

Aims Studying the relationship between retinal vessel diameter (RVD) with (1) macular thickness and volume, (2) retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), (3) ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) and (4) optic nerve head (ONH) in a population cohort of middle-aged Caucasians. Methods We collected data from 3070 individuals. We used a semiautomated computer-assisted programme to measure central retinal arteriolar equivalent and central retinal venular equivalent. Macular and ONH parameters were assessed by optical coherence tomography. Results Data from 2155 persons were analysed. A larger RVD was associated with a thicker macula and increased macular volume; each SD increase in average macular ...

Purpose This study aimed to describe the characteristics of microvascular retinal alterations in eyes with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) employing optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) analysis. Methods We collected data from 472 eyes with chronic CSC from 336 patients who had OCTA obtained. Each OCTA image was graded by two readers to assess the presence of microvascular retinal alterations, including regions of vascular rarefaction/retinal hypoperfusion, enlargement of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and presence of telangiectasias or microaneurysms. Volume spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans were obtained through the macula and the OCT was correlated with the ...

Aim Non-traumatic corneal perforations (CPerfs) may present with shallow/flat or formed anterior chamber (AC). This study uses anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) to ascertain these differences. Method The study included 14 eyes of 13 patients. They underwent high-resolution ASOCT scans at multiple time points, prior to and after cyanoacrylate glueing, between January 2016 and July 2018. A retrospective analysis of over 2500 ASOCT sections and AS photographs was conducted by two independent observers. The findings were correlated with clinical features and diagnoses. Result All patients had documented Seidel’s positive sign at the outset. Two groups with distinctive ...

Background The clinical phenotype of Stargardt disease (STGD) can be extremely heterogeneous, with variable macular and peripheral retinal involvement. The study aim was to correlate peripheral ultrawide field (UWF) involvement with macular alterations, as assessed by structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA), in order to identify potentially different phenotypes. Methods The study involved patients with STGD and healthy controls. We performed a complete ophthalmologic assessment and multimodal imaging, including OCT, OCTA, fundus autofluorescence and UWF imaging. Patients with STGD were subdivided according to the peripheral involvement. OCT and OCTA quantitative parameters were analysed. The main outcome of ...

Background Optic disc drusen (ODD) can cause retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) defects with progressive visual field (VF) loss. Microvascular changes are discussed as a cause. We measured the vessel density (VD) of the optic disc in ODD using optical coherence tomography angiography and compared it with a normal population. Another intent was to determine the sensitivity and correlations in comparison with functional (VF) and structural parameters (RNFL, minimum rim width (MRW), ganglion cell complex (GCC)). Methods We analysed the VD of 25 patients with ODD and an age-matched control population including 25 healthy participants using AngioVue (Optovue, Fremont, CA ...

Aim To analyse the effect of fasting on the retinal vascular plexus and choriocapillaris structures in healthy subjects via Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA). Methods In this prospective study, OCTA scans of 98 eyes in 49 healthy subjects were compared in fasting and non-fasting period. All cases had a full ophthalmological examination, with OCTA parameters measured, including superficial flow area (SCP) (mm 2 ), deep flow area (DCP) (mm 2 ), choriocapillaris flow area (CC) (mm 2 ), superficial and deep vascular density (SVD and DVD, respectively) (%), superficial foveal avascular zone area (FAZs) (mm 2 ), deep foveal avascular zone area (FAZd) (mm 2 ...

Purpose To understand the added value of Bruch’s membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) measurements to conventional circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (cpRNFL) thickness measurements on optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging for discriminating between perimetric glaucoma and healthy eyes, evaluated through a qualitative evaluation. Methods 384 healthy eyes and 188 glaucoma eyes were evaluated, and glaucoma eyes were categorised as perimetric (n=107) based on a history of ≥3 consecutive abnormal 24–2 visual field tests or suspected glaucoma if they did not (n=81). OCT-derived BMO-MRW and cpRNFL reports were qualitatively evaluated by two experienced graders in isolation at ...

Aims To assess specific layers of the choroid in highly myopic young adults and to examine their associations with levels of myopia. Methods We recruited 51 young myopes (n=91 eyes) from the Singapore Cohort of Risk Factors for Myopia cohort. We performed standardised optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography imaging and developed a novel segmentation technique assessing choroidal layers’ thickness (overall choroidal thickness (CT), medium-vessel choroidal layer (MVCL) thickness, large-vessel choroidal layer (LVCL)) and vasculature (choroidal vessel density (%), choroidal branch area (CBA, %) and mean choroidal vessel width (MCVW, mm)). Results We found that eyes with extreme myopia (EM ...

Purpose To characterise the non-perfused areas (NPAs) in the superficial and deep capillary layers (sNPAs and dNPAs, respectively) in the posterior pole in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) on wide-field optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 104 eyes of 70 patients with PDR from whom wide-field swept source OCTA images were acquired. sNPAs and dNPAs were manually measured in each quadrant of the inner (1–3 mm diameter), intermediate (3–6 mm), and outer (6–10 mm) rings centred on the fovea. Two qualitative findings, that is, segmented NPAs and periarteriolar NPAs , were also compared. Results The ...

Background To determine whether dynamic changes in choroidal thickness (CT) cause shallowing of the anterior chamber. Methods 34 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The participants in our study adopted the upside-down position for 1.5 min, which was the model we used to study the dynamic changes in CT. Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation, optical coherence tomography images of the choroid and anterior chamber were obtained at baseline, after being in an upside-down position in an inversion machine and after 15 min of rest. The changes in IOP, anterior chamber and choroidal blood flow between the baseline and the upside-down position were ...

Background/aims Although being a more objective tool for assessment and follow-up of angle closure, reliability studies have reported a moderate diagnostic performance for anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) technologies when comparing with gonioscopy as the reference standard. We aim to determine factors associated with diagnostic disagreement in angle closure when assessed by anterior segment swept source OCT (SS-OCT, CASIA SS-1000; Tomey, Nagoya, Japan) and gonioscopy. Methods Cross-sectional study. A total of 2027 phakic subjects aged ≥50 years, with no relevant previous ophthalmic history, were consecutively recruited from a community polyclinic in Singapore. Gonioscopy and SS-OCT (128 radial scans ...

Background/Aims Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is commonly used to diagnose and assess diabetic macular oedema (DME). Swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) promises improved imaging depth and more independence from media opacities. Heidelberg Spectralis full-depth imaging (FDI) combines details at different depths to one representation. The aim of this study was to determine the comparability of the imaging methods concerning DME ultrastructure. Methods Two graders assessed the presence of typical DME phenomena in eyes with centre-involving DME on Topcon Atlantis SS-OCT and Heidelberg Spectralis FDI spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) B-scans. Retinal layer segmentation was corrected and choroidal layers were manually segmented. Graders measured ...

Background To explore the role of foveal and parafoveal Müller cells in the morphology and pathophysiology of tractional macular disorders with a mathematical model of mechanical force transmission. Methods In this retrospective observational study, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images of tractional lamellar macular holes and patients with myopic foveoschisis were reviewed and analysed with a mathematical model of force transmission. Parafoveal z-shaped Müller cells were modelled as a structure composed of three rigid rods, named R1, R2 and R3. The angle formed between the rods was referred to as θ . R1, R2 and R3 lengths as well as the ...

Background To demonstrate a technique for using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to simulate leakage in eyes with diabetic macular oedema and determine the sensitivity and positive predictive value of detecting leaking microvasculature on OCTA using fluorescein angiography (FA) as the comparative norm. Methods 6×6 mm OCT angiograms were overlaid with the corresponding OCT thickness maps. Microvascular abnormalities on the OCT angiogram underlying areas of thickening on the OCT thickness map were assumed to be leaking. Two independent readers blindly read the OCTA overlay images then the FA images cropped to the same approximate region to delineate areas of ...