We here in report an interesting optical coherence tomography (OCT) observation in two different eyes. First case represents a 26-year-old man, with a history of tobacco chewing for 8 years, presented with sudden onset of scotoma in his right eye for 1 week. The uncorrected visual acuity was 20/40 in right eye (OD) and 20/20 in left eye (OS), respectively. Anterior segment was essentially within normal limits. Right eye fundus examination revealed a dull foveal reflex with neurosensory detachment and subretinal fibrin features suggestive of central serous chorioretinopathy. OCT of OD passing through macula confirmed presence of a ...

A 44-year-old man developed sudden-onset right-sided weakness, aphasia and blurred vision after a cardiac valvuloplasty. Initial CT and CT angiography of the head showed early ischaemic changes involving the left medial temporal lobe, occipital lobe and thalamus with a left P2 occlusion. He was not a candidate for hyperacute therapy given his recent surgery and was already on dual antiplatelet therapy. He had improvement in his weakness and aphasia and was seen in ophthalmology consultation 1 month after the onset of stroke. He was found to have a visual acuity of 20/20 in both eyes, a complete right homonymous ...

Calcified lesions often result in undilatable lesions, balloon dog-boning, poor device delivery as well as underexpanded stents (UES). This leads to an increased risk of acute and chronic stent failure. A 49-year-old man was admitted with anterior wall myocardial infarction and angiogram showed a diffuse calcific left anterior descending artery/diagonal lesion, which was stented with two overlapping drug-eluting stents. Angiogram after post-dilatation showed UES. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) confirmed UES with 58% expansion, minimum stent area (MSA) of 2.91 mm 2 and 360° calcium arc around the stent. This UES was dilated with a ultra high-pressure balloon (UHPB ...

A 24-year-old young man presented to us with total limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) in the right eye 1 year post ocular chemical burn. The patient subsequently underwent limbal biopsy in the healthy contralateral eye and autologous simple limbal epithelial transplantation in the right eye. The patient was followed up with sequential imaging of the cornea with high-resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography (HR-ASOCT) for 3 years. The serial HR-ASOCT imaging in the operated eye showed regeneration of the epithelium from the limbal transplant over the human amniotic membrane (hAM) with integration of the transplant within the cornea with subepithelial ...

Description A 69-year-old man was referred by his physician for a routine fundus evaluation. He was known to have type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and left-sided hemiparesis due to a history of stroke. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25; N6 in both eyes. Fundus evaluation indicated the presence of a few microaneurysms in the posterior pole and preretinal haemorrhages, just above the arcades, in both eyes ( figure 1A,B ). He was imaged using wide-angle swept source optical coherence angiography (SS OCTA) 12×12 mm field of view (PLEX Elite 9000; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, California, USA) which showed the presence ...

A 56-year-old woman presented with painless diminution of vision in her left eye since the last 2 months. She is a known case of type 2 diabetes mellitus on insulin. Her best-corrected visual acuity in right eye was 20/60; N8 and left eye were only counting fingers close to face. She was a known case of primary angle-closure glaucoma and had previously undergone peripheral iridotomy in both eyes elsewhere. She had early cataractous lens changes in both eyes. Her left eye, in addition, also showed faint iris neovascularisation at 2’o clock. Her intraocular pressure in the right and ...

Conjunctival stromal tumour (COST) is a recently described rare conjunctival tumour of mesenchymal origin with only four publications describing a handful of cases thus far. In this report, we describe the anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) characteristics in a case of COST for the first time, in addition to the clinical and histopathological characteristics. The AS-OCT showed an elevated, dome-shaped hyporeflective homogenous lesion in the conjunctival stroma lined by hyperreflective outer layer with mild posterior shadowing, consistent with histological description of a paucicellular tumour with large myxoid collagenous material inside. Immunohistochemistry showed positive CD34 and vimentin but negative S100 and ...

A 52-year-old man, a known case of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, who presented to us with bilateral diminution of vision since 1 year. He was diagnosed as a case of bilateral proliferative diabetic retinopathy and hypertensive retinopathy. A non-invasive imaging modality, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), detected foveal neovascularisation in a background of diffuse diabetic macular oedema which would have been obscured by other investigations like fluorescein angiography.

A 43-year-old woman who was diagnosed with the cryopyrine-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) with severe renal failure and heart failure due to amyloid accumulation was examined by swept source optical cohernce tomography (OCT) (SS-OCT; DRI-OCT, Topcon, Tokyo, Japan) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) (RTVue XR Avanti, Optovue, Fremont, CA). Her best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40 OD and 20/25 OS. A hyporeflective band of about 100 µm thickness was seen just inferior to the retinal pigment epithelium in the cross-sectional SS-OCT images, but the deeper choroidal structures were clearly visible. In the OCTA images, the density of the retinal ...

A 7-year-old girl presented with watering and redness in the left eye for 2 months. Her parents reported poor vision in both eyes for 4 years. Visual acuity was finger counting at 1 m and finger counting close to face in the right and left eyes, respectively. Slit lamp examination of the right eye revealed corectopia, aphakia in the pupillary area, temporally subluxated clear crystalline lens, persistent pupillary membrane, irido-hyaloidal adhesion and poorly dilating pupil. Left eye revealed central corneal oedema with descemet scarring, anteriorly dislocated clear crystalline lens with lenticulo-corneal touch. Ultrasound examination of the left eye was normal ...

A 10-year-old girl presented with blurred vision of 2 months. Uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes (OU). Refraction revealed 0.75 diopters of astigmatism OU. Visual blur was related to a moderate convergence insufficiency. The superior 90% of the left iris was darkly pigmented and velvety in consistency with regularly spaced protuberances (mammillations) (figure 1).

We report a clinical case of a teenager whose eyes were exposed to highly negative suction pressures for brief seconds. The patient presented with a bilateral cystoid macular oedema associated with a thickening of outer nuclear layer evidenced by optical coherence tomography. The patient’s constellation of findings is most easily explained by the abrupt expansion and traction of a cohesive vitreous base onto the retinal layers.

An 11-year-old girl was brought with the chief complaint of progressive diminution of vision in her right eye for the past 3 months. There was no history of ocular trauma or any ocular surgery. Systemic and family history was insignificant. Visual acuity was 20/20 in her left eye and counting finger close to face with projection of rays being accurate in her right eye. Slit lamp examination of her right eye showed large cystic lesion filling almost entire anterior chamber. With the help of various imaging modalities like anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy diagnosis of ...

Optimal visual recovery following full-thickness traumatic wound dehiscence in a case of operated deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) is rarely seen. Here we report a case of 22-year-old male patient presented to our casualty department with complaint of sudden-onset diminution of vision in his right eye following blunt trauma of 1 day duration. DALK had been performed 11 months ago for advanced keratoconus in the same eye. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the right eye was hand movement close to face with accurate projection of rays and in the left eye was 20/20. Slit-lamp examination showed the presence of ...

A 45-year-old previously healthy man with minimal coronary artery disease on imaging presented with an acute MI after sustaining a wasp sting following previous non-eventful exposures throughout his life. This is the first case of Kounis syndrome with optical coherence tomography imaging and proven IgE wasp venom hypersensitivity. The Hymenoptera venom is composed of allergenic proteins and vasoactive amines which are responsible for venom toxicity. This patient also has a history of atopy giving a predisposition for developing IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Hymenoptera stings can be severe in atopic individuals and anaphylaxis may ensue. However, it is a rare cause of ...

A 6-year-old boy presented as a known case of developmental glaucoma and was using topical travoprost in the right eye (RE) since 1 year. Highest recorded intraocular pressure (IOP) was 24 mm Hg in RE, whereas central corneal thickness was 540 µm. Visual acuity was 6/6 in both eyes. On examination, the anterior segment of both eyes was unremarkable. IOP was 16 mm Hg in RE and 20 mm Hg in the left eye. Fundus examination of RE revealed a large and pale optic disc, with a nearly absent inferior neuroretinal rim. The origin of the inferior vascular bundle ...

Choroidal coloboma is characterised by poor embryonic development of chorioretinal structures and is of different types. We present a case of choroidal coloboma where the retinal pigment epithelium was present, clinically and on imaging, but rest of the structures were poorly formed. This observation suggests that in some cases, fusion of the fetal cleft may occur aberrantly, resulting in an aborted choroidal coloboma. .

A 73-year-old man, who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) 10 days prior, presented with a great saphenous vein graft aneurysm (SVGA). CT revealed the increasing size of the aneurysm. Since the SVGA occurred immediately after CABG and there were no other complications, the aneurysm was treated percutaneously. While intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography failed to detect the entry point, an IVUS catheter with the addition of ChromaFlo imaging clearly revealed the entry point, size and length of the SVGA. To prevent migration and edge restenosis associated with covered stents, the covered stent (3.0×19 mm ...

Macular hole-associated retinal detachment in high myopia is described as a final stage in progression of myopic traction maculopathy (MTM). 1–3 Shimada et al 4 described the progressive stages of MTM from macular retinoschisis to serous retinal detachment in high myopia. Stage 4 MTM is characterised as disappearance of retinoschisis with progression to retinal detachment due to macular hole formation. It is hypothesised that vitreoschisis and abnormal vitreo-retinal interface create the premacular tangential traction. 5 6 Intraoperative triamcinolone acetonide is used to visualise the residual posterior vitreous cortex (PVC). We hereby describe the utility of microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography ...

This report presents anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) images of Kayser-Fleischer ring (KFR) in a child. The AS-OCT images highlight differential reflectivity of the KFR depending on amount of copper deposited in cornea, thus supporting the role of AS-OCT as a follow-up tool. Utility of AS-OCT for diagnosing and documenting the KFR in children otherwise uncooperative for detailed slit lamp examination is discussed.

A 57-year-old man with a past medical history of diabetes presented for consultation with a several year history of slowly progressive vision loss in both eyes, which continued to deteriorate over 7 years of follow-up. Multimodal imaging was performed and was significant for the following: on spectral domain optical coherence tomography, a gap lesion was present in the ellipsoid layer, beneath the umbo, as well as subtle macular changes on auto fluorescence imaging. Multifocal electroretinography was performed and was abnormal, and a clinical diagnosis of occult macular dystrophy was made. The patient was subsequently evaluated with genetic testing that revealed ...

Ocular cysticercosis is a serious condition with a potential for complete vision loss if left untreated. Intravitreal cysticercosis is the most common ocular form of cysticercosis and is associated with retinal detachment, retinal traction, subretinal scarring and vitritis. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report of the occurrence of a live intravitreal cysticercosis with a full thickness macular hole (FTMH) in the literature. We here report a case of live intravitreal cysticercosis with a FTMH along with its management and intraoperative optical coherence tomography features of the live cysticercus.

Objective assessment of fundus torsion is currently performed with indirect ophthalmoscopy or fundus photography. Using the infrared image of the macular scan of the optical coherence tomography one can assess the presence and amount of fundus torsion. In addition, the line scan through the fovea can be used as a reference to confirm the position of the foveal pit in relation to the optic nerve head. Two cases are used to demonstrate how to assess fundus torsion with the use of the optical coherence tomography.

Descemet's membrane detachment (DMD) though uncommon in the present day scenario of advancing surgical techniques is a significant complication that requires prompt diagnosis and management. A middle-aged man presented to our hospital with poor gain of vision following cataract surgery. There was significant corneal oedema with DMD which was confirmed on anterior segment optical coherence tomography. We describe a modified continuous intraoperative-guided approach for the management of DMD in cases with oedematous hazy corneas. The aim of this technique is to allow early reattachment of Descemet's membrane in chronic cases where fluid pockets prevent reattachment of the posterior ...