Background To evaluate the efficacy of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in identifying changes in the choriocapillaris layer after low-fluence verteporfin photodynamic therapy (vPDT) in patients affected by chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Methods Low-fluence vPDT was performed on 28 eyes of 27 patients with CSCR. All patients underwent the following tests at baseline and 6 months after treatment: best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, enhanced depth imaging OCT and OCTA. Results Subretinal fluid was completely absorbed in 18 of the 28 affected eyes (64.3%) after low-fluence vPDT (“responders”), and incompletely absorbed in 10 eyes ...

Purpose To report the intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided surgery of a consolidated sub-internal limiting membrane (ILM) hemorrhage that developed into a sub-ILM fibrotic membrane in a child with a history of Terson syndrome. Observations A one year-old boy with a history of Terson syndrome due to a motor vehicle accident presented three months after trauma with a white feather-shaped membrane in the left macula. Preoperative OCT showed a preretinal hyperreflective tissue at the foveal center. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy. After separation of the posterior hyaloid, intraoperative OCT did not show any change in structural components. After ...

Purpose To report variation of choriocapillaris (CC) flow in peripapillary, macular and near/mid periphery regions in healthy subjects using widefield swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). Design Prospective, cross-sectional study. Subjects Fifty healthy subjects. Methods Healthy young subjects were imaged with the SS-OCTA system (PLEX Elite 9000, Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA, USA). OCTA scans were taken in primary and extremes of gaze and a montage was automatically created. The en face CC images were then exported to imageJ and a semi-automated algorithm was used for subsequent quantitative analysis. Main outcome measures Quantitative analysis of the CC ...

Purpose To report swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) findings after full-fluence photodynamic therapy (PDT) and aflibercept intravitreal injection (IVA) for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Five eyes of five patients with AMD treated with PDT and IVA were include into the study. We retrospectively reviewed the data obtained from the five patients using SS-OCTA before and after treatment. Three eyes had type 1 choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and two eyes had polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Results Before treatment, the CNV signals detected in all cases, decreased in three eyes and were not detected completely in two eyes at 1 months after ...

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Objective The aim of this study was to examine DNA ligase activity and expression of DNA damage response pathway (DDR) genes in patients with stable angina (SA) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and determine whether they correlate with plaque morphology. Background Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have evidence of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). It is unclear whether this represents excess damage or defective DNA repair activity. Methods DNA ligase activity and the expression of 22 DDR genes were measured in PBMCs of patients (both SA ( n = 47) and NSTEMI ( n = 42)) and ...

A 12 year-old boy who consulted due to nystagmus and low vision from birth. His mother also consulted for low vision of the right eye since she was a child, which worsened recently. The physical examination revealed no alterations in skin and hair pigmentation. In the examination of the anterior segment of the child, areas of slight circumferential hypopigmentation were observed in the iris in both eyes. The fundus examination revealed a choroidal fundus due to the absence of melanin in the retinal pigment epithelium. In the autofluorescence, an absence of physiological macular hypo-autofluorescence was observed and, in optical coherence ...

Purpose Only an endophytic growth pattern in juxtapapillary retinal hemangioblastoma (JRH) is an indication for surgical treatment, but classification of growth types is difficult using conventional imaging techniques. This case report describes the use of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) features for classification and treatment follow-up in a case with JRH. Observations The JRH of this patient was easily detected with two different OCT-A methods in both en-face and cross-sectional B-scan images, and was classified as a sessile growth type. This growth type excluded the treatment option of vitreoretinal surgery with excision of the lesion or ligation of the feeder ...

Purpose To assess anterior scleral canal opening (ASCO) offset relative to Bruch’s membrane opening (BMO) (ASCO/BMO offset) so as to determine neural canal direction, obliqueness, and minimum cross-sectional area (NCMCA) in 362 healthy eyes. Design Cross-sectional study Methods After OCT optic nerve head (ONH) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) imaging, BMO and ASCO were manually segmented and planes, centroids, size and shape were calculated. Neural canal direction was defined by projecting the neural canal axis vector (connecting BMO and ASCO centroids) onto the BMO plane. Neural canal obliqueness was defined by the angle between the neural ...

Introduction and objective The edge vascular response (EVR) remains unknown in second generation drug-eluting Resorbable Magnesium Scaffold (RMS), such as Magmaris. The aim of the study was to evaluate tissue modifications in the RMS edges over time, assessed by different invasive imaging modalities. Methods The patients treated with the device were assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT), grayscale intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), and virtual histology IVUS at baseline and 12 months. The EVR study performed a segment- and frame-level analysis of the 5 mm segments proximal and distal of the actual RMS. Results The segment-level grayscale IVUS (n = 10), virtual histology ...

The use of optical coherence tomography to diagnose conditions that predominantly affect the photoreceptor layer is postulated as a technique that allows to evaluate the relationship between retinal changes and loss of visual acuity. Two clinical cases are presented on patients with a bilateral decrease of their visual acuity and alteration in chromatic perception. Optical coherence tomography revealed subfoveal focal hypo-reflective defects on the hyper-reflective band (known as the ellipsoid zone).

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a micrometer-resolution optical imaging technology that has been widely used in many fields, such as medicine and materials science. However, OCT images inevitably suffer from speckle noise which obscures the structural information of image. To remove speckle noise, a boosted singular value shrinkage algorithm based on fractional-order filtering is proposed in this paper. An OCT image is first divided into many overlapping image blocks and each block is filtered using a fractional mask, and then an absolute distance is used as a similarity criterion for block matching to form a low rank group matrix. Furthermore ...

Purpose Bifurcation stenting is thought to be associated with delayed healing and a subsequent risk of stent failure. The aim of this study was to further evaluate healing of thin-strut bioabsorbable polymer everolimus-eluting stents (EES) post bifurcation stenting by optical coherence tomography (OCT) including grey-scale signal intensity (GSI) analysis. Methods Patients receiving bifurcation stenting with a planned two-stent approach using EES with OCT follow-up at 3–6 months post-stenting were included in this study. Morphometric analysis of contiguous cross-sections was performed at 1 mm longitudinal intervals within the stented segment. GSI analysis of neointimal regions of interest (ROI) overlying stent ...

There is currently no consensus regarding the optimum treatment strategy for an isolated side branch lesion . The usefulness of a side branch stenting technique with a balloon crushing the segment protruding into the main vessel has been reported; however, there remain concerns about malapposition of crushed stent struts and a consequent risk of stent thrombosis . We herein report a case with a diagonal branch lesion that was successfully treated with this technique. Follow-up optical coherence tomography clearly revealed that the protruding stent struts in the main vessel were crushed and covered almost completely. Our findings may support the feasibility of ...

Background Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a useful tool to visualize inflammatory conditions. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of combining OCT and various image processing techniques for quantitative assessment of histamine-induced tissue swelling. Methods Both time-domain and frequency-domain OCT were used on a mouse ear model. The ear thickness and volume before and after histamine challenge were determined from pixel locations in 2D scans and voxel number counting in 3D scans. Swelling kinetics was analyzed on 3D contour mapping. Microvessel network was visualized using speckle decorrelation analysis. Results ...

This study describes Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) features of Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma (ONSM). A 22-year-old woman, diagnosed with meningiom encircling the right optic nerve inside the intraorbital segment optic canal at the magnetic resonance imaging, showed a normal fundus examination. Instead, SD-OCT and OCTA revealed alterations in the neurostructure and microvascular network of the optic nerve. Despite fundoscopy and fluorescein angiography, SD-OCT and OCTA represent valid, non-invasive and reliable methods to evaluate neurostructural and vascular irregularities in this benign tumor of the optic nerve.

Objective To evaluate the vascular structure within combined hamartoma of retina and retinal pigment epithelium (CHRRPE) lesions using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Design: Multicentre retrospective observational analysis Subjects: 20 eyes of patients diagnosed with CHRRPE Methods Retrospective analysis of color fundus photographs, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-A of 20 eyes with CHRRPE. Morphological characteristics of CHRRPE and the OCT features were correlated with the density of the filigree vascular pattern and with the published histopathology of CHRRPE. Main Outcome Measure Density of flow signals - “filigree” vascular pattern seen on OCT-A in the deep capillary plexus (DCP), graded as ...

Background Patients with Parkinson's disease experience visual symptoms , partially originating from retinal changes. Since 2011, multiple case-control studies using spectral-domain OCT, which allows for studying individual retinal layers, have been published. The aim of this study was to substantiate the occurrence, extent, and location of retinal degeneration in Parkinson's by meta-analysis . Methods Spectral-domain OCT case-control data were collected by performing a search in PubMed and Embase with terms: “optical coherence tomography” and “parkinson”, up to November 5th, 2018. Studies with fewer than 10 patients or controls were excluded. We performed a random effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was evaluated with ...

Aims The aim of the trial was to examine the influence of ezetimibe on plaque morphology in patients with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) with respect to fibrous cap thickness (FCT) and arcs of lipid plaque, calcific plaque, and macrophages using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Methods and results In 87 statin naïve patients with STEMI treated with primary percutaneous intervention, a non-culprit study plaque in a non-infarct related coronary artery was assessed with OCT at baseline and after 12 months. Patients were treated with atorvastatin 80 mg and randomized (1:1) to ezetimibe 10 mg (n = 43) or placebo ...

Editorial

We present the case of a 73-year-old woman with a history of pulmonary embolism referred to our department due to suspected pulmonary hypertension . She was in WHO II functional class and the transthoracic echocardiogram showed pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 58 mmHg, with no right ventricular dilatation or dysfunction. Ventilation/perfusion scan after 3 months of oral anticoagulation confirmed the perfusion defects and right heart catheterization confirmed precapillary pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure 36 mmHg, pulmonary vascular resistance 5.19 Wood units), so a diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension was established. The patient refused pulmonary thromboendarterectomy and vasodilator ...

Purpose To anatomically and functionally analyze collateral vessels (CVs) associated with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Design Retrospective review Participants Twenty-nine consecutive cases with BRVO. Methods The distribution of the CVs 12 months after the onset of BRVO was studied using spectral-domain OCTA. En-face 3×3-mm OCTA images were acquired from nine locations centered on the fovea and used to create a montage image of an 8.1 × 8.1-mm square. The CVs were identified in three separate areas: the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC), superficial capillary plexus (SCP), and deep capillary plexus (DCP) layers ...

Using dual-band in Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) aims at improving resolution. Previous work showed that direct application of Fourier transform to the spectral interferogram with gap between the two bands leads in many cases to resolution poorer than using a single band. In this work we propose an algorithm to fill in the gap in the spectral interferogram based on the linear prediction technique. The results showed that in dual-band FD-OCT we can get resolution equivalent to a continuous band whose width is the sum of the widths of the two bands and plus the width of the ...