Resistance-in-series models have been applied to investigate fouling behavior. However, it is difficult to model the influence of morphology on fouling behavior because resistance is indirectly calculated from the water flux and transmembrane pressure. In this study, optical coherence tomography (OCT) was applied to evaluate the resistance of the fouling layer based on fouling morphology. Sodium alginate, humic acid, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) with high salts concentrations (conductivity: 23 mS/cm) were used as model foulants. At the same total fouling resistance, BSA showed the highest cake layer thickness (BSA (114.5 μm) > humic acid (53.5 μm) > sodium ...

Background Coronary artery vasospasm (CS) can be identified as either a diffuse type or focal type; however, the difference in endothelial characteristics between these spasm types remains unclear. The features of coronary intima associated with diffuse spasm and focal spasm using coronary angioscopy (CAS) were evaluated and the optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings were compared. Methods CAS and/or OCT observational analysis was performed in 55 patients (mean age: 61.4 years, 31 men) who had acetylcholine-provoked CS (diffuse CS, 31 patients; focal CS, 24 patients). The yellowness of the intima, presence of thrombus in CAS, and intimal characteristics based ...

Objectives Visual involvement is a frequent feature of multiple sclerosis (MS). Visual disturbances involve up to 80% of patients and optic neuritis (ON) occurs in about 50%. Our aim was to assess the sensitivity of optic coherence tomography (OCT) and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to visual pathway abnormalities in MS. Methods A total of 19 MS subjects, 9 with optic neuritis (ON) at least 3 months before (bilateral in 6), underwent assessment of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and VEPs. Results There were 19 patients with MS, so a total of 38 eyes. The sex ratio was 0.73 F/M ...

Objective: Although postprandial hypertriglyceridemia potentially plays a role as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), details of its significance remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the postprandial lipid profiles rigorously estimated with the meal tolerance test and the presence of lipid-rich plaque, such as thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), in the non-culprit lesion. Methods: Thirty patients with stable CAD who underwent a multivessel study using optical coherence tomography during catheter intervention for the culprit lesion were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups: those with or without TCFA (fibrous cap thickness ≤65 μm) in the non-culprit ...

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Coronary artery disease remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, primarily through acute events mediated by progression and disruption of thrombosis-provoking atheroma. The necrotic core of advanced atheroma harbors highly prothrombotic material, including components of tissue factor, von Willebrand factor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor–1. Exposure of these contents to flowing blood can spur thrombosis and is a critical feature of many acute coronary syndromes (ACS). It is therefore vital that the fibrous cap, a collagen-rich structure overlying advanced atheroma, resist disruption and maintain separation of blood from thrombogenic necrotic cores. Intravascular imaging using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence ...

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The aim of this article is to underline the importance of all the possible confounding factors involved in the variation of retinal thickness. More in detail, antidepressant drugs represent an important confounding factor that should not be neglected when measuring retinal thickness by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with major depressive disorder

Cross-sectional and three-dimensional images show the effectiveness of the system. In this study, the industrial inspection of optical thin film on touch screen panels was demonstrated using line field spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The conventional Fourier domain optical coherence tomography system requires a single scanner for two-dimensional cross-sectional images and two scanners for volumetric images. Our developed line field spectral domain optical coherence tomography has the advantage of needing only a single scanner for volumetric images, while two-dimensional cross-sectional images are obtained by the parallel acquisition of an illuminated line on a sample using an area camera. Further, the ...

Letter to the editor.

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a fatal inherited neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we demonstrate the label-free optical imaging methodology that can detect, with a high degree of sensitivity, discrete areas of degeneration in the cerebellum of the SCA1 mouse models. We used ATXN1[82Q] and ATXN1[30Q]-D776 mice in which the transgene is directed only to Purkinje cells. Molecular layer, granular layer, and white matter regions are analyzed using the intrinsic contrasts provided by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. Cerebellar atrophy in SCA1 mice occurred both in gray matter and white matter. While gray matter atrophy is obvious ...

Stent placement guided by angiography alone is often inexact, but of increased importance with bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We describe a novel technique using optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided angiographic co-registration termed “Bifurcation and Ostial OCT Mapping” (BOOM). The technique is based on the precise identification and mapping of the side-branch ostium using co-registration to minimize protrusion of stent struts into the main branch while ensuring full coverage of the ostium in the side-branch.

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Objective The aim of this study was to determine a correlation between the optic nerve head (ONH) area, the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL), and the ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses, measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in children. Methods Cross-sectional study of 358 eyes in 358 children, 187 belonging to males (52.2%), having a mean age of 6.41 ± 1.66 years and spherical equivalent 0.22 ± 0.50 D. All subjects were imaged with Cirrus HD-OCT. ONH parameters, pRNFL, and macula thicknesses maps for each subject were obtained. Results Average pRNFL thickness was 100 ...

Images in Intervention

This study investigated the performance of an integrated osmotic and microfiltration membrane bioreactor for real sewage employing baffles in the reactor. To study the biofouling development on forward osmosis membranes optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique was employed. On-line monitoring of biofilm growth on a flat sheet cellulose triacetate forward osmosis (CTA-FO) membrane was conducted for 21 days. Further, the process performance was evaluated in terms of water flux, organic and nutrient removal, microbial activity in terms of soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), and floc size. The measured biofouling layer thickness was in the order sodium chloride ...

ntra-coronary imaging has revolutionized Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) by detailed imaging of stented segment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate major stent malapposition by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) following standard PCI procedure. Twenty eligible patients for PCI, having reference vessel diameter (RVD) of 2.5 mm to 4.0 mm with ≥ 70% diameter stenosis (DS), lesion length ≤ 40 mm, and more than TIMI-1 flow were included in the study. Patients with cardiogenic shock , left main disease , bypass graft, in-stent restenosis , thrombotic , heavily calcified , chronic total occlusion lesions, TIMI- 0 to 1- coronary blood flow and serum creatinine ...

We report on the use of a single supercontinuum (SC) source for multimodal imaging. The 2-octave bandwidth (475–2300 nm) makes the SC source suitable for optical coherence tomography (OCT) as well as for multispectral photoacoustic microscopy (MPAM). The IR band centered at 1310 nm is chosen for OCT to penetrate deeper into tissue with 8 mW average power on the sample. The 500–840 nm band is used for MPAM. The source has the ability to select the central wavelength as well as the spectral bandwidth. An energy of more than 35 nJ within a less than 50 nm ...

Purpose In this case report, we present a case of choroidal metastasis from a primary esophageal adenocarcinoma that was treated successfully with intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Observations A 65-year-old male with known stage IV esophageal adenocarcinoma presented with a central scotoma in his left eye and was ultimately found to have a large choroidal metastatic lesion with overlying subretinal fluid. IMRT was administered over the course of four weeks, resulting in restoration of the patient's vision, regression of the metastatic lesion, and resolution of the subretinal fluid. As of 16 months following completion of radiation, there remains no evidence of ...

A 60-year-old man was admitted for unstable angina. Two-years ago he was treated with two bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVSs) on the proximal and distal segments of the left anterior descending coronary artery ( Figure 1 A, white arrows). Coronary angiography showed critical in-scaffold restenosis of the proximal BVS ( Figure 1 B, yellow arrow). Optical coherence tomography revealed heterogeneous tissue filling the BVS ( Figure 2 , A, B and D) with areas depicting bright neointimal hyperplasia with dorsal attenuation and marked shadowing of the underlying BVS struts. There was no evidence of scaffold disruption and neoatherosclerosis was considered the cause of late BVS ...

As a novel low-side-effect cancer therapy, photo-immunotherapy (PIT) is based on conjugating monoclonal antibody (mAb) with a near-infrared (NIR) phthalocyanine dye IRDye700DX (IR 700). IR700 is not only fluorescent to be used as an imaging agent, but also phototoxic. When illuminating with NIR light, PIT can induce highly-selective cancer cell death while leaving most of tumor blood vessels unharmed, leading to an effect termed super-enhanced permeability and retention (SUPR), which can significantly improve the effectiveness of anti-cancer drug. Currently, the therapeutic effects of PIT are monitored using 2D macroscopic fluorescence reflectance imager, which lacks the resolution and depth information to ...