Purpose Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a leading cause of death and re-transplantation (tx). Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are increasingly used for earlier detection, but lengthen procedure time and cost, and are unsuitable in small children. Coronary angiography is routine in all age groups but may be subjectively interpreted. We hypothesized that serial analysis of quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) is possible in infants and children and may also predict disease progression. Methods Pediatric recipients between Feb 1999 - July 2012 were studied. QCA was performed in two projections of the same region of the right (RCA), left ...

Purpose We investigated whether optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) implantation can improve in-scaffold minimal lumen area (MLA) at 6-month compared with angiography guidance. Methods The OPTICO BVS was a randomized, international multicenter, assessor blind, superiority trial comparing OCT- versus angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (1:1 allocation) in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing Absorb BVS 1.1 implantation. The primary endpoint was in-scaffold MLA at 6-month. Results The trial was prematurely stopped on May 31, 2017 after enrollment of 38 of 270 planned patients (14%) following the retraction of the device in Europe. Patients were ...

Posterior microphthalmos is a rare condition that can be found in paediatric patients with increased farsightedness and reduced vision. A retrospective study is presented of 5 cases of posterior microphthalmia aged between 4 and 13 years. The following parameters were obtained: visual acuity, cycloplegic refractive error, optical biometry, slit lamp examination, intraocular pressure, and ocular ultrasound. The refraction, axial length and average visual acuity was + 15.35 Dp, 16.20 mm and 0.13, respectively. The fundus was examined, optical coherence tomography was performed, and also retinography and fluorescein angiography in one case. In all cases, the absence of foveal ...

Background To perform a quantitative analysis of retinal and choriocapillaris vessel density (VD) in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) after low-fluence verteporfin photodynamic therapy (vPDT), using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA). Methods A total of 28 eyes of 27 patients with CSC (21 females, 6 males, mean age 47 ± 11 years) were included in this retrospective study. At baseline and after 6 months after vPDT, we evaluated VD of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), the deep capillary plexus (DCP) and the choriocapillaris (CC) in different macular areas (whole image, parafovea and fovea). We also analyzed the central foveal thickness ...

Purpose Anti-VEGF treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a highly effective advance in the retinal armentarium. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) offering three-dimensional imaging of the retina is widely used to guide treatment. Although poor outcomes reported from clinical practice are multifactorial, availability of reliable, reproducible, and quantitative evaluation tools to accurately measure the fluid response i.e. a “VEGF meter” may be a better means of monitoring and treating than the current purely qualitative evaluation used in clinical practice. Design Post-hoc analysis of a phase III, randomized, multicenter study. Participants Study eyes of 1095 treatment-naive subjects receiving pro-re-nata ...

Background Previous pathology studies demonstrated that thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) is localized in specific segments of the epicardial coronary arteries. A detailed description of in vivo coronary plaques of various phenotypes has not been reported. Objectives We performed a comprehensive analysis on the distribution of coronary plaques with different phenotypes from our 3-vessel optical coherence tomography (OCT) database. Methods OCT images of all 3 coronary arteries in 131 patients were analyzed every 1 mm to assess plaque phenotype and features of vulnerability. In addition, plaques were divided into tertiles according to percent area stenosis (%AS). Results Among 534 plaques identified in ...

Background Although previous studies demonstrated that microcatheter-derived fractional flow reserve (mc-FFR) tends to overestimate lesion severity compared to pressure wire-derived FFR (pw-FFR), the clinical utility of mc-FFR remains obscure. The extent of differences between the two FFR systems and its relation to a lesion-specific parameter remain unknown. In this study, we sought to compare mc-FFR with pw-FFR and determine the lower and upper mc-FFR cut-offs predicting ischemic and non-ischemic stenosis, using an ischemic and a clinical FFR threshold of 0.75 and 0.80 as references, respectively. We further explored optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters influencing the difference in FFR ...

In the first study comparing high angular resolution diffusion MRI (dMRI) in the human brain to axonal orientation measurements from polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT), we compare the accuracy of orientation estimates from various dMRI sampling schemes and reconstruction methods. We find that, if the reconstruction approach is chosen carefully, single-shell dMRI data can yield the same accuracy as multi-shell data, and only moderately lower accuracy than a full Cartesian-grid sampling scheme. Our results suggest that current dMRI reconstruction approaches do not benefit substantially from ultra-high b-values or from very large numbers of diffusion-encoding directions. We also show that accuracy ...

Background To evaluate retinal and choriocapillaris (CC) vessel density in macular region in patients affected by adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy (AOFVD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) Methods A total forty-four right eyes of 44 AOFVD patients (20 females, 24 males, mean age 69.17 ± 11.57 years) divided in 3 stages (vitelliform, pseudohypopyon and vitelliruptive) and 60 normal right eyes of 60 controls (20 females, 40 males, mean age 66.04 ± 6.40 years) were included in this prospective study. We evaluated the vessel density of superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP) and CC in different macular ...

Purpose To determine the intensity of corneal pigmented arc in orthokeratology (ortho-k)-treated children and its correlation with wide epithelial thickness map (ETM) obtained through anterior segment optical coherent tomography (AS-OCT). Methods This retrospective case series reviews medical records of children who received ortho-k treatment for myopia control. Intensity of ortho-k-associated pigmented arc after wearing ortho-k lens more than 12 months and its correlation with each sector/zone of wide ETM obtained by AS-OCT was explored. Pigmented arcs were further divided into apparent and unapparent groups, and the clinical differences between groups were determined. Results This study included 57 eyes ...

Spatially resolved data for biofilm structure can often not be assessed easily in bioelectrochemical setups due to the orientation and placement of anode and cathode. However, understanding the interplay of biofilm (structure) development and electrochemical parameters is crucial for optimizing bioelectrochemical biofilm systems. For example, to produce value added products. This study thus, presents a versatile flow cell setup allowing for control of hydrodynamic, substrate (liquid and gaseous), and nutritional conditions as well as physical parameters. Here, a versatile lab-scale flow cell system equipped with a cathode and an anode is presented to monitor the growth of Kyrpidia spormannii biofilm ...

Endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) has many promising applications in the fields of medical research and clinical diagnosis. In this letter, we present a side-viewing endoscopic OCT probe based on a gradient index (GRIN) lens with an air gap. By adjusting the length of the air gap the optical performance of the probe can be flexibly tuned. The quantitative relationships between the optical performance parameters of the probe and its structural parameters are theoretically analyzed by using the ABCD beam transfer matrix theory. The developed probe has a maximum diameter of 1.4 mm and a rigid length of 11 ...

Objective To describe the prevalence of vitreomacular interface (VMI) features classified using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and their associated risk factors in the Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing (NICOLA Study). Design Cross-sectional population-based study Participants Non-institutionalised Northern Irish adults aged ≥40 years. Methods Using geographic stratification, a representative sample of people in Northern Ireland was invited to participate in the NICOLA Study. SD-OCT images of participants were graded for vitreomacular traction (VMT), macular hole (MH) and epiretinal membrane (ERM) according to the International Vitreomacular Traction Study (IVTS) Group. A subsample was graded in more detail ...

Objective To investigate the effect of two light-curing systems; quartz tungsten-halogen (QTH) and light-emitting diode (LED), and irradiation time on interfacial gap formation of dental composite resin restorations bonded with an adhesive resin using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Materials and Methods Forty cavities were prepared in extracted human molar teeth and divided into four groups (n = 10) based on the type of light curing system QTH (LITEX 680A) and LED (Demi Plus) and curing duration (10 s or 40 s). A single-step self-etching dental adhesive (Tetric® N-Bond; Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, FL, Liechtenstein) was applied and polymerized with QTH for ...

Purpose To describe the migration of an outer retinal element using longitudinal multimodal imaging. Observations In the retina of a healthy 7-year-old girl, movement of a hyperreflective element of 15 μm extent was seen using optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO), and adaptive optics fundus photography (AO). On the OCT B-scan, the element initially appeared at the level of the outer limiting membrane with an umbra reaching the retinal pigment epithelium from where it gradually diminished and disappeared over 33 days. A corresponding disruption of the photoreceptor pattern on AO diminished over 52 days. Conclusions and importance ...

Purpose To assess the feasibility of imaging extremely low birth weight infants, defined as infants born weighing less than 1000 grams or before 27 weeks of gestational age, with an arm-mounted optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) device. Methods Cross-sectional case series conducted at a single site in-patient academic center. Subjects included infants who had been born premature and met ROP screening criteria. Birth history such as gestational age and birth weight were collected. Subjects were imaged with OCTA in a supine position during ROP screening and treatment. Segmental errors were manually corrected and FAZ area was calculated from the superficial ...

Background There remains a residual risk for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) even with low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. This study aimed to characterize the culprit lesion morphology of AMI by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with low LDL-C. Methods Four-hundred and nine culprit lesions of 409 patients with their first presentation of AMI imaged by OCT were investigated. OCT analysis included the presence of plaque rupture and thin-capped fibroatheroma (TCFA). Fibrous cap thickness and lipid length were also measured. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was performed in 368 (90.0%) patients. OCT and IVUS findings were compared between patients with ...

The use of a membrane with a relatively loose ‘active layer’ opened a new paradigm for the application of osmotically driven processes. An effective way of imparting the osmotic pressure difference across the ‘active layer’ is to employ divalent salts as the draw solute, whose negative effects on the organic fouling have been documented in the literature. This study was targeted on investigating the fouling by clay suspensions when performing the forward osmosis (FO) with a nanofiltration (NF)-like membrane. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was exploited to analyze the fouling phenomena in a way of determining the critical point of ...

Purpose To describe the clinical presentation and novel anatomical features of a patient with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) complicated by retinal neovascularization (RNV). Observations A 48 year-old patient with a long-standing history of bilateral CSCR presented to our clinic complaining about a sudden onset of tiny floaters. Multimodal imaging including fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fundus fluorescein (FA) and ICG angiography (ICG) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) confirmed the diagnosis of CSCR and revealed a pre-retinal neovascularization and concurring vitreous hemorrhage. Swept source OCT angiography (OCTA) and 3D reconstruction virtual reality determined the retinal origin of the neovascularization. Follow-up ...

The rupture of a vulnerable plaque, known as ulceration, is the most common cause of myocardial infarction. It can be recognized by angiographic features, such as prolonged intraluminal filling and delayed clearance of the contrast liquid. The diagnosis of such an event is an open challenge due to the limited angiographic resolution and acquisition frequency. The treatment of ulcerated plaques is an open discussion, due to the high heterogeneity and the lack of evidences that support particular strategies. Therefore, the therapeutic decision should follow a detailed investigation with angiography and intravascular imaging, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), to locate ...

Objective To assess absolute agreement and differences in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) values according to sex, age, laterality, origin and optical coherence tomography (OCT) type in normal pediatric patients undergoing OCT scans using both Cirrus and Spectralis. Material and methods Prospective, cross-sectional, and comparative study. We used Spectralis OCT and Cirrus OCT to measure optic disc values of both eyes in one hundred pediatric patients (age 5 to 15 years), with no previous ocular pathology or systemic disease that could affect the eye. Due to the similarity between eyes, only right eyes were considered (n = 100). Results The ...

Intravital microscopy (IVM) and optical coherency tomography (OCT) are two powerful optical imaging tools that allow visualization of dynamic biological activities in living subjects with subcellular resolutions. Recent advances in labeling and label-free techniques empower IVM and OCT for a wide range of preclinical and clinical cancer imaging, providing profound insights into the complex physiological, cellular, and molecular behaviors of tumors. Preclinical IVM and OCT have elucidated many otherwise inscrutable aspects of cancer biology, while clinical applications of IVM and OCT are revolutionizing cancer diagnosis and therapies. We review important progress in the fields of IVM and OCT for cancer ...

Objective To assess if anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) is a noninvasive diagnostic method suitable to differentiate benign corneo-conjunctival lesions (pterygium) from premalignant lesions (corneo-conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN). Material and methods An observational, analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted in 22 eyes with conjunctival lesions clinically suspicious for pterygium and CIN during two years. Morphological differences between both lesions were studied with AS-OCT; epithelial thicknesses (EE) and extension length on corneal surface (GIC) were compared between both groups. A surgical excision of the lesion was performed for histopathological diagnosis. Results Mean age of patients with pterygium (n = 18) was ...

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