Objective To characterize en face features of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid in eyes with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) using a high-speed, enhanced-depth swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) prototype. Design Consecutive patients with chronic CSCR were prospectively examined with SS-OCT. Participants Fifteen eyes of 13 patients. Methods Three-dimensional 6×6 mm macular cube raster scans were obtained with SS-OCT operating at 1050 nm wavelength and 100 000 A-lines/sec with 6 μm axial resolution. Segmentation of the RPE generated a reference surface; en face SS-OCT images of the RPE and choroid were extracted at varying depths every ...

Purpose To evaluate the thickness of the 10 retinal layers in the paramacular area of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with healthy subjects using the new segmentation technology of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). To examine which layer has better sensitivity for detecting neurodegeneration in patients with MS. Design Observational, cross-sectional study. Participants Patients with MS (n = 204) and age-matched healthy subjects (n = 138). Methods The Spectralis OCT system (Heidelberg Engineering, Inc., Heidelberg, Germany) was used to obtain automated segmentation of all retinal layers in a parafoveal scan in 1 randomly selected eye of each participant, using the ...

Objective To describe anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) parameters during acute primary angle closure (APAC) before therapeutic interventions and comparative analyses of biometric parameters of APAC eyes with fellow eyes. Design Prospective, comparative case series. Participants Thirty-one consecutive patients with APAC. Methods All patients underwent ASOCT imaging of both eyes during the attack, before therapeutic interventions were administered. Custom software was used to measure anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber area (ACA), anterior chamber volume (ACV), iris curvature (I-Curv), iris area (I-Area), lens vault (LV), and angle opening distance (AOD750), trabecular iris space area (TISA750), and iris thickness (IT750 ...

Objective To investigate the feasibility of handheld (HH) ultra-high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in young children with nystagmus, to determine its sensitivity and specificity in classifying foveal abnormalities, and to investigate its potential to determine the cause of infantile nystagmus with the use of foveal morphology. Design Prospective, case-control study. Participants and Controls A total of 50 patients with nystagmus and 50 healthy control subjects (mean age, 3.2 years; range, 0–8 years). Methods Each patient was scanned using HH SD-OCT (Bioptigen Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC) without sedation, and foveal morphology was classified into 1 of 4 ...

Purpose Phase-variance optical coherence tomography (PV-OCT) provides volumetric imaging of the retinal vasculature without the need for intravenous injection of a fluorophore. We compare images from PV-OCT and fluorescein angiography (FA) for normal individuals and patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy. Design This is an evaluation of a diagnostic technology. Participants Four patients underwent comparative retinovascular imaging using FA and PV-OCT. Imaging was performed on 1 normal individual, 1 patient with dry AMD, 1 patient with exudative AMD, and 1 patient with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. Methods Fluorescein angiography imaging was performed using a Topcon Corp (Tokyo, Japan ...

Objective To assess eyes with unilateral choroidal melanocytosis using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT). Design Retrospective, observational case series. Participants Fifteen patients with unilateral choroidal melanocytosis. Methods Each patient was evaluated with EDI-OCT, and comparison was made of involved versus uninvolved foveal retinal and choroidal layers. Main Outcome Measures Enhanced depth imaging OCT features of choroidal melanocytosis. Results The mean patient age was 28 years (median, 23 years; range, 5–76 years). There were 9 male and 6 female patients. Best-corrected visual acuity ranged from 20/20 to 20/30. All patients had subfoveal involvement with choroidal ...

Objective To describe the imaging characteristics of congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE). Design Retrospective, observational case series. Participants Eighteen eyes of 18 patients with CHRPE. Methods Review of chart, fundus photography, ultrasonography, fundus autofluorescence, infrared reflectance (IR) imaging, and enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Main Outcome Measures Features of CHRPE as analyzed by EDI-OCT. Results The mean age at diagnosis was 48 years (range, 13–73 years). There were 5 males and 13 females, and 17 Caucasian and 1 African American patients. The mean best-corrected visual acuity was 20/22 (range, 20/20–20/40). The ...

Objective To evaluate changes in peripapillary and macular choroidal thickness and volume after the water-drinking test (WDT) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS OCT). Design Prospective, cross-sectional, observational study. Participants Fifty-six eyes of 28 healthy volunteers. Methods Participants underwent a 3-dimensional optic disc and macula scanning protocol with a prototype SS OCT (Topcon, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) at baseline and 15, 30, 45, and 120 minutes after the start of the WDT. The WDT consisted of drinking 1000 ml of water within 5 minutes. Objective measurements of the choroid were obtained with automated segmentation of the choroidal boundaries. Main Outcome Measures ...

Objective To define quantitative indicators for the presence of intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) via spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging of older adults. Design Evaluation of diagnostic test and technology. Participants and Controls One eye from 115 elderly subjects without AMD and 269 subjects with intermediate AMD from the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) Ancillary SD-OCT Study. Methods We semiautomatically delineated the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and RPE drusen complex (RPEDC, the axial distance from the apex of the drusen and RPE layer to Bruch's membrane) and total retina (TR, the axial distance between the inner limiting ...

Objective To assess the published literature pertaining to the association between anterior segment imaging and gonioscopy and to determine whether such imaging aids in the diagnosis of primary angle closure (PAC). Methods Literature searches of the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were last conducted on July 6, 2011. The searches yielded 371 unique citations. Members of the Ophthalmic Technology Assessment Committee Glaucoma Panel reviewed the titles and abstracts of these articles and selected 134 of possible clinical significance for further review. The panel reviewed the full text of these articles and identified 79 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, for which ...

Objective To study corneal morphologic changes in a large keratoconic population and to establish a structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) classification. Design Cross-sectional, observational study. Participants A total of 218 keratoconic eyes from 218 patients and 34 eyes from 34 normal subjects. Methods A Fourier-domain OCT system with 5-μm axial resolution was used. For each patient, 3 high-resolution scans were made across the keratoconus cone. All scans were analyzed by keratoconus specialists who were not given access to patients' clinical and topographic data, and who established an OCT classification. The reproducibility of the classification and its correlation with clinical ...

Objective To quantify 3-dimensionally the anterior segment geometry, biometry, and lens position and alignment in patients before and after implantation of the Crystalens-AO (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY) accommodating intraocular lens (A-IOL). Design Prospective, observational study. Participants Ten patients (20 eyes) with cataract before and after implantation of the Crystalens-AO A-IOL. Methods Custom full anterior segment 3-dimensional (3-D) spectral optical coherence tomography (OCT) provided with quantification tools was used to image the cornea, iris, and natural lens preoperatively and intraocular lens postoperatively. Measurements were obtained under phenylephrine preoperatively and under natural viewing conditions and phenylephrine (for accommodative efforts ranging from 0 ...

Objective To study corneal morphologic changes in a large keratoconic population and to establish a structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) classification. Design Cross-sectional, observational study. Participants A total of 218 keratoconic eyes from 218 patients and 34 eyes from 34 normal subjects. Methods A Fourier-domain OCT system with 5-μm axial resolution was used. For each patient, 3 high-resolution scans were made across the keratoconus cone. All scans were analyzed by keratoconus specialists who were not given access to patients' clinical and topographic data, and who established an OCT classification. The reproducibility of the classification and its correlation with clinical ...

Purpose To identify subgroups of primary angle-closure suspects (PACS) based on anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and biometric parameters. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants We evaluated 243 PACS subjects in the primary group and 165 subjects in the validation group. Methods Participants underwent gonioscopy and AS-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). Customized software (Zhongshan Angle Assessment Program, Guangzhou, China) was used to measure AS-OCT parameters. An agglomerative hierarchical clustering method was first used to determine the optimum number of parameters to be included in the determination of subgroups. The best number of subgroups was then determined using Akaike Information Criterion ...

Objective To describe and interpret a multilaminar sub-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) intense hyper-reflectivity observed in vivo in eyes clinically diagnosed with regressing drusen. Design Observational case series. Participants Twenty-three consecutive patients clinically diagnosed with regressing calcific drusen due to nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Patients were submitted to confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) fundus imaging and “eye-tracked” spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Main Outcome Measures Localization and possible origin and composition of the multilaminar sub-RPE hyperreflectivity. Results Thirty eyes of 23 consecutive patients (8 male and 15 female; mean age, 82.7±10.1 years) showing on SD-OCT an ...

Purpose To examine the features of myopia-related optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in a population-based setting. Design Population-based study. Participants The Beijing Eye Study 2011 included 3468 subjects with an age of 50 years or more. Methods The participants underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination including OCT with enhanced depth imaging of the macula. Main Outcome Measures Optical coherence tomography features of the macula in highly myopic eyes defined by a refractive error of −6 diopters or less or an axial length of 26.5 mm or more. Results Readable OCT images were available for 6530 eyes (94.5%) of 3278 ...

Objective To measure iris volume and anterior segment parameters using a swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) and investigate factors associated with iris volume and iris volume change after pupil dilation in eyes with open angles and angle closure. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants A total of 86 eyes, including 31 eyes from 21 patients with primary angle closure (PAC) or PAC suspect, 31 eyes from 20 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and 24 eyes from 15 normal subjects, were included. Methods The anterior segment parameters and iris were imaged and measured by the Casia SS-1000 OCT (Tomey, Nagoya ...

Purpose To use spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to investigate risk factors predictive for the development of atrophy of drusenoid lesions (DLs) (drusen and drusenoid pigment epithelium detachment) in eyes with non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NNVAMD). Design Cohort study. Participants Forty-one eyes from 29 patients with NNVAMD. Methods Patients with NNVAMD who underwent registered SD-OCT imaging over a minimum period of 6 months were reviewed. Drusenoid lesions that were accompanied by new atrophy onset at 6 months or last follow-up (FUL) were further analyzed. Detailed lesion change was described throughout the study period. Odds ratios (ORs) and risk for ...

We read with interest the article “Highly reflective foveal region in optical coherence tomography in eyes with vitreomacular traction or epiretinal membrane” by Tsunoda et al. The authors reported the presence of a highly reflective deposit (named “cotton ball sign”) on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scanning in 63.8% of the eyes (30/47) with an epiretinal membrane (ERM) and in 100% (7/7) of eyes with vitreomacular traction (VMT). They stated that related articles were searched on PubMed and none was found describing the same feature. We believe the so-called “cotton ball sign” related to ERM or VMT ...

Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the iris–trabecular contact (ITC) index, a measure of the degree of angle-closure, using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT, CASIA SS-1000, Tomey Corporation, Nagoya, Japan) in comparison with gonioscopy. Design Prospective observational study. Participants A total of 108 normal subjects and 32 subjects with angle-closure. Methods The SSOCT 3-dimensional angle scans, which obtain radial scans for the entire circumference of the angle, were performed under dark conditions and analyzed using customized software by a single examiner masked to the subjects' clinical details. The ITC index was calculated as a percentage of the angle ...

Purpose To describe the natural course of punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Design Prospective observational case series. Participants Forty-two consecutive patients (60 eyes) with PIC with at least 3 months of follow-up. Methods Serial SD-OCT images were obtained from both eyes of each participant at each visit. Main Outcome Measures The morphologic characteristics of each stage of PIC lesions observed by SD-OCT. Results Continued stage progression of PIC lesions was observed in 27 eyes (45%), among which choroidal thickness changes were observed in 8 eyes (30%). Stage I lesion showed a normal appearance or slight ...

Objective: To demonstrate a novel swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) imaging device using a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) capable of imaging the full eye length and to introduce a method using this device for noncontact ocular biometry. To compare the measurements of intraocular distances using this SS-OCT instrument with commercially available optical and ultrasound biometers. To evaluate the intersession reproducibility of measurements of intraocular distances using SS-OCT.Design: Evaluation of technology.Participants: Twenty eyes of 10 healthy subjects imaged at the New England Eye Center at Tufts Medical Center and Massachusetts Institute of Technology between May and September ...

In vivo monitoring of changes in conjunctival thickness may provide valuable insight into disorders characterized by or featuring conjunctival thinning. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies reporting total conjunctival thickness (TCT).

Monés et al made an important observation about how important is to recognize the normal anatomy of the Henle's fiber layer in the optical coherence tomography images (OCT). Spectral-domain (SD) OCT offers the possibility of evaluating retinal architecture at near-histologic levels of resolution. However, clinicians should be aware that optical variations induced by examination conditions might alter the reflectivity of the retinal layers. This consideration is particularly true when imaging the outer plexiform layer (OPL) within the central macula.