BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Several imaging modalities have been developed to characterize ischemia inherent in retinal vascular diseases. This study aims to predict the impact and to better establish the mechanisms of visual deterioration. A high-resolution functional imaging device is used, yielding quantitative data for macular blood flow and capillary network features in healthy eyes and in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective, cross-sectional, comparative case series measured blood flow velocities (BFVs) and noninvasive capillary perfusion maps (nCPMs) in macular vessels in patients with BRVO/CRVO and in healthy ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) is an inflammatory chorioretinopathy characterized by multiple punctate, hypopigmented fundus lesions. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is an emerging imaging modality that enables high-resolution visualization of the retinal and choroidal vasculature. The objective of this study is to examine the OCTA findings in PIC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Observational, retrospective review of five patients with PIC. RESULTS: OCTA revealed several features in PIC lesions: distinctly visible choroidal neovascular membranes when present, as well as flow voids within the choroid and choriocapillaris layers that correspond with hypocyanescent lesions on indocyanine green angiography. CONCLUSION: OCTA may ...

Eye care providers may have the opportunity to identify neurodegenerative diseases earlier through the use of high-resolution optical coherence tomography, according to Robert Sergott, MD, of Wills Eye Hospital. Sergott participated in the American Academy of Optometry’s plenary session, which was co-sponsored by Primary Care Optometry News. “In Alzheimer’s disease, 99% of clinical trials fail because there’s nothing left to treat. It’s diagnosed too late,” Sergott said. “This is the case for high-resolution OCT in your practice. It gives you objective vs. subjective data.” Sergott presented a number of case reports to illustrate his “rules” for ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the accuracy of the measurements provided by a new optical biometer (OA-2000, Tomey Corporation, Nagoya, Japan) for calculating the intraocular lens (IOL) power and to compare the refractive outcomes to those obtained with the IOLMaster 500 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). METHODS: In this interventional multicenter study, consecutive patients having cataract surgery were enrolled. Only the IOL model used in the largest sample of patients was selected and the eyes implanted with that IOL were subsequently analyzed. The OA-2000, an optical biometer based on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), was used to measure axial length and corneal ...

This report and accompanying video show the novel use of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the excision of a limbal dermoid. Examining for residual opaque tissue in the cornea accompanied by OCT imaging is a useful technique to confirm complete excision of the lesion

Optovue debuted its optical coherence tomography angiography capability for the AngioVue Essential at Vision Expo West . The AngioVue Essential offers high-resolution, noninvasive imaging of retinal vasculature to help clinicians visualize ocular disease, the company said in a press release. The new OCT-A feature offers a single-page report that displays OCT B-scans and individual layers of retinal vasculature. The system offers the addition of ocular health screening to a basic eye exam. Optovue also announced that its iWellness scan will be added to the Avanti System, an OCT imaging platform. Dubbed Avanti Wellness, the combination allows optometrists to identify the signs ...

ACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: New imaging methods provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four patients (eight eyes) in acute, subacute, and late phases of the disease were analyzed with multi-modal imaging methods including optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), structural OCT, fundus photography, and fundus autofluorescence. One patient was observed during the entire disease course. RESULTS: In acute and subacute phases of the disease, an early blockage in fluorescein angiography was found. OCTA showed perfusion defects in choriocapillaris and choroid slabs. During the course of disease, perfusion deficits observed in OCTA ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To identify qualitative and quantitative features of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) as prognostic indicators of visual acuity (VA) loss in patients with choroideremia (CHM). . PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 57 male patients with CHM. Central foveal thickness (CFT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT), fundus autofluorescence area, and evidence of outer retinal and choroidal degeneration were analyzed by SD-OCT. RESULTS: Best-corrected VA logMAR at baseline was associated with CFT at baseline (r = −0.47; P < .01), CFT at most recent follow-up (r = −0.27; P < .01), and SCT at baseline (r = −0.31; P < .01). Ellipsoid zone ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Choroidal nevi are common benign intraocular tumors with a small risk of malignant transformation. This retrospective study investigates the use of en face spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography (SD-OCTA) in determining the clinical features and measurement of choroidal nevi. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with choroidal nevi were imaged with both OCTA and a fundus photography device. Greatest longitudinal dimension (GLD), perpendicular dimension (PD), and the GLD/PD ratio were assessed on each device. Inter-device variation and intra- and inter-rater reliability analyses were performed. RESULTS: Fourteen patients with choroidal nevi were included. No significant difference between the GLD ...

etinal cavernous hemangioma is a rare, benign, retinal tumor characterized by angiomatous proliferation of vessels within the inner retina or the optic disc.1 Here we report a case of retinal cavernous hemangioma on the margin of the optic disc in the right eye of a 61-year-old asymptomatic female. The lesion was studied with multimodal imaging which included structural optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, blue fundus auto-fluorescence, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) (DRI OCT Triton; Topcon, Tokyo, Japan) and visual field examination. Blood circulation inside retinal cavernous hemangioma lesion is typically low-stagnant.2 However, OCTA demonstrated blood flow inside the ...

A 6-month-old male infant presented for routine ophthalmologic examination. Indirect ophthalmoscopy revealed a flat, oval, hypopigmented lesion located in the temporal macula in the right eye with the tip pointing toward the fovea, which was compatible with torpedo maculopathy. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed at the time of diagnosis. OCT scans of the lesion revealed slight retinal pigment epithelium hyperreflectivity. This case serves as the earliest OCT finding of the youngest patient diagnosed as having torpedo maculopathy in the literature.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To quantify vessel density (VD) and grey value (GV) as a measure of flow in the choriocapillaris (CC) in healthy subjects with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective, noncomparative case series, 3 mm × 3 mm OCTA images of 36 eyes of 22 healthy individuals were obtained using a swept-source instrument. VD and GV levels were calculated on CC en face slabs in the central 1-mm (subfoveal field) and surrounding 2.5-mm parafoveal ring. VD was calculated as a ratio of vessel area over nonvessel area following image binarization. GV was computed as ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the macular perfusion changes in healthy smokers by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: OCTA measurements were taken for the right eyes of 40 smokers (Group 1) and age- and sex-matched control cases (Group 2). Group 1 underwent OCTA scanning with the XR Avanti AngioVue OCTA (Optovue, Fremont, CA) at baseline and at 5 minutes, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes after one standard cigarette smoking. The same scanning protocol was applied without smoking in Group 2. Macular vessel area density, flow index of the choriocapillaris, foveal avascular zone (FAZ), and central macular ...

A 65-year-old man with diabetes and a history of fever of unknown origin 2 weeks earlier complained of sudden decreased vision in the left eye. The patient was diagnosed with bilateral West Nile virus (WNV) chorioretinitis associated with occlusive retinal vasculitis in the left eye. Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) of the left eye showed extensive, well-delineated, hypointense non-perfusion areas and perifoveal capillary arcade disruption in the superficial capillary plexus, as well as larger non-perfusion areas, capillary rarefaction, and diffuse capillary network attenuation and disorganization in the deep capillary plexus. OCTA may be a valuable tool for noninvasively assessing ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare patterns of choroidal hypoperfusion in white dot syndromes (WDS) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Consecutive patients with WDS were imaged with either the Zeiss AngioPlex OCT Angiography (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany) or the AngioVue OCT Angiography (Optovue, Fremont, CA) from February to November 2016. Four patients with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE), birdshot chorioretinopathy (BCR), presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS), and multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) were selected. This study was approved by the institutional review board at Massachusetts Eye and Ear. RESULTS: Unique patterns of choroidal ...

Glaucoma management has undergone significant advancements in recent years. New minimally invasive surgical options have become available, filling in the gap between medical management and major surgeries such as trabeculectomy and tubes. On the diagnostic side, OCT technology has allowed a better understanding of the pathophysiology of glaucoma and more accurate monitoring of the effects of treatment, and has broadened the view to new imaging markers for progression. Glaucoma has opened up as a subspecialty to share areas of interest with other subspecialties and even other branches of medicine. “The life of a glaucoma specialist has become a lot busier ...

First introduced in the early 1990s, OCT is a noninvasive imaging technique that obtains high-resolution, cross-sectional images of the retina and other ophthalmic tissues. In recent years, this technology has transitioned from being only available in the clinic to being able to be utilized in the operating room. Intraoperative OCT has allowed ophthalmologists to access real-time imaging of vitreoretinal surgery for the first time, adding a new dimension to surgery and education, according to a 2016 study published in Eye (London) by Justis P. Ehlers, MD. There are several FDA-approved systems with optional add-ons to improve performance. Companies such as ...

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a noninvasive, rapid imaging technique that generates angiographic images without intravenous dye injections. Cross-sectional studies have described the presence of asymptomatic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in patients with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This case report describes the OCT features on longitudinal follow-up of a patient who started with unilateral asymptomatic CNV and eventually developed symptomatic exudative AMD.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The quantification of the density of macular vascular networks and blood flow areas in the foveal and parafoveal area in healthy subjects using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional, prospective study in an institutional setting at the Retina Services of Farabi Eye Hospital. One hundred twelve normal volunteers with no known ocular or systemic disease were included, including patient numbers (one or both eyes), selection procedures, inclusion/exclusion criteria, randomization procedure, and masking. En face angiogram OCTA was performed on a 3 mm × 3 mm region centered on the macula. Automated thresholding and measuring ...

The authors present the case of a 59-year-old woman in treatment with interferon alfa-2b for stage IV melanoma and widespread metastases who presented with interferon-associated retinopathy. An ocular examination revealed multiple retinal cotton-wool spots and hard exudates. Interferon treatment was suspended. The patient was followed up for 5 months following the baseline visit by means of en face optical coherence tomography (OCT), spectral-domain OCT, and OCT angiography. Multimodal imaging was useful in the follow-up of this condition, permitting the characterization of all the lesions hallmarking the interferon-retinopathy and showing that this illness was related to a reduction of the retinal ...

Descriptive study of two patients affected by Susac's syndrome (SuS) focusing on the chronic retinal tissue damage assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case series reporting OCTA in SuS. OCTA imaging revealed secondary hypoxia due to branch retinal artery occlusion of the deep capillary plexus, with additional involvement of the superficial capillary network in one case. OCTA is a noninvasive and quick diagnostic tool for detecting hypoxic retinal damage in SuS. With further development of OCTA, as wide-field imaging, a better understanding of the retinal and choroidal ...

Venous loops are relatively rare manifestations of diabetic retinopathy. The authors describe a case characterized by the development of a venous loop during a 3-year period. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) revealed a hyperintense signal from the lesion, attesting an ordinary flow into the venous loop. OCTA also showed an area of capillary loss in proximity of the lesion, which is in agreement with the proposed pathogenesis for venous loops, developed to bypass an area of retinal vessels occlusion.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare capillary density (CD) changes assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) during diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression using three previously published methods: binarization, skeletonization, and automated flow density (AFD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 98 eyes of 74 patients with diabetes and 18 control eyes imaged using OCTA. The macular CD at each stage of DR was assessed using the three methods and were compared to control eyes. RESULTS: AFD was the only method that detected differences between controls and severe nonproliferative DR eyes. The three methods showed a significant difference in CD between controls ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in visualizing macular hole (MH) closure through gas-filled eyes on postoperative day (POD) 1 using a dual scanning protocol. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined 30 consecutive patients with full-thickness MH who underwent standard vitrectomy with SF6 (25%) gas tamponade between July 2015 and April 2016. SS-OCT imaging was performed using horizontal raster and 16-line radial scans with manual delicate focusing to evaluate MH closure status. RESULTS: On POD1, optically clear images with visualization of all retinal layers at the fovea were obtained in 80% of eyes, of ...