Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the most common causes of severe visual loss in middle and old-age population, and often leads to serious deterioration in quality of life. Currently, the first-line treatment for neovascular AMD (nAMD) are intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) medications, including bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept and also latest commercially available drug, brolucizumab. During initial examination and imaging and treatment follow-up for patients with nAMD, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is used to predict and assess the therapeutic response and guide the treatment. Several OCT-based biomarkers, including the central subfoveal thickness (CSFT), the presence ...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising non-invasive non-contact 3D imaging technique that can be used to evaluate and inspect material surfaces, multilayer polymer films, fiber coils, and coatings. OCT can be used for the examination of cultural heritage objects and 3D imaging of microstructures. With subsurface 3D fingerprint imaging capability, OCT could be a valuable tool for enhanci...

We describe two importance sampling techniques for a standard Monte Carlo (MC) method that could enable fast simulation of signals from optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging systems. These OCT signals are generated due to diffusive reflections from either multilayered or arbitrary shaped, turbid media, for example, tissue. Such signals typically consist of ballistic and quasi-ballistic components, of scattered photons inside the medium, in addition to photons that undergo multiple scattering. We show that MC simulation of these OCT signals using importance sampling reduces its computation time on a serial processor by up to three orders of magnitude compared to its ...

The optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique is applied in the diagnosis of the skin tissue. In general, quantitative imaging features obtained from OCT images have already been used as biomarkers to categorize skin tumors. Particularly, the fractal dimension (FD) could be capable of providing an efficient approach for analyzing OCT images of skin tumors. The 2D Fourier fractal analysis (FFA) as well as the differential box counting method (DBCM) was used in this paper to classify the basal cell carcinomas (BCC), melanomas, and benign melanocytic nevi. Generalized estimating equations were used to test for differences between skin tumors. Our results ...

Recently, surgical instruments and imaging technology in ophthalmology have shown a great improvement. However, advances in the field of the operating microscope technology still remained unchanged with the various limitations for the surgeons. Invention of optical coherence tomography (OCT) led to a revolution in the diagnosis and monitoring of numerous anterior and posterior segment pathologies. Recently, OCT has been introduced into the operating room with an impact on the surgeons. In this chapter, we review the evolution of OCT for intraoperative use with its feasibility, surgical impacts, and limitations.

The pathogenesis of uveitis entails changes in the structural morphology of the macula, choroid, and choroidal perfusion. Documentation of these pathologic alterations is pivotal in making a proper diagnosis and in follow-up of outcomes of therapy. The newly-introduced swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) were harbingers of a whole new era of noninvasive in vivo layer-to-layer dissection of macular and choroidal structural changes in uveitis and of disease-related vascular profile patterns. This new information unraveled new aspects of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms in different uveitides and added to our understanding of the disease process. Monitoring ...

Biomedical imaging is becoming an indispensable branch within bioengineering. This research field has recently expanded due to the requirement of high-level medical diagnostics and rapid development of interdisciplinary modern technologies. This book is designed to present the most recent advances in instrumentation, methods, and image processing as well as clinical applications in important areas of biomedical imaging. It provides broad coverage of the field of biomedical imaging, with particular attention to an engineering viewpoint. The goal of the book is to provide a wide-ranging forum in the biomedical imaging field that integrates interdisciplinary research and development of interest to scientists ...

I am very proud and excited to introduce to you this book, which provides many interesting indications on how to better understand and handle the world of optical coherence tomography (OCT). Reading the chapters, you will be aware that this device is extremely important not just in the clinical practice of retinal diseases, but is also very useful as a surgical tool. Moreover, application of OCT has crossed the borders of the retina and is currently being applied to corneal diseases and glaucoma. I am confident you will find enough useful information to improve your practice using OCT and to ...

Postmortem studies have described the association between the thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) and the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Both noninvasive and invasive techniques have been refined and used as a research tool to visualize the plaque at a high risk of disruption. There has been a considerable effort to develop the imaging modalities that offer detailed visualization of coronary pathology and accurately predict the adverse cardiac outcomes. This chapter provides an overview of the current and experimental coronary imaging methods to detect vulnerable plaque and discuss the potential implication of multimodality imaging in clinical practice.

This book includes different exciting topics in the OCT fields, written by experts from all over the world. Technological developments, as well as clinical and industrial applications are covered. Some interesting topics like the ultrahigh resolution OCT, the functional extension of OCT and the full field OCT are reviewed, and the applications of OCT in ophthalmology, cardiology and dentistry are also addressed. I believe that a broad range of readers, such as students, researchers and physicians will benefit from this book.

Carotid plaque vulnerability has been reported to be associated with stroke and other cerebrovascular events [ 1 , 2 ]. Therefore, tissue characterization of carotid plaques is important to evaluate the risk of cerebrovascular disease and outcome of treatment for carotid arterial stenosis. Stabilization of vulnerable plaques rather than regression of plaque volume is considered the major contributor to beneficial effects on cerebrovascular events [ 3 ]. With respect to the ultrasound technique, ultrasonic tissue characterization of the myocardium with an integrated backscatter (IBS) analysis was developed, which is capable of providing both conventional two-dimensional echographic (2DE) images and IBS images. In studies of the ...

Non-destructive optical imaging and probing techniques have found entrance and success in material sciences favoured by their non-invasive investigation character. X-ray computer tomography (CT) applied in a different size scale (e.g. as micro-CT and nano-CT [ 1 ]) is well established as a non-destructive technique in the field of material inspection. CT imaging delivers highly contrasted images of the internal of the specimens. It includes information about inclusions or cavities, and about the size and distribution of particles and pores within the technical material. Furthermore, ultrasound and acousto-optic imaging may also provide valuable insights into internal cracks and flaws, density or ...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical analog of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) that allows microscopic visualization of coronary plaque types and intracoronary tissue. The high-resolution images of OCT produce an intense interest in adopting this imaging technique for both clinical and research purposes. In clinical aspects, OCT imaging for undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is feasible and provides superior resolution of arterial pathology than IVUS. During PCI, OCT can assess pre-procedural coronary plaque morphology and acute effects of coronary intervention (dissection, tissue prolapse, thrombi, and incomplete stent apposition (ISA)). Moreover, OCT provides more useful information to consider PCI strategy, such ...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technology that provides high resolution cross-sectional images in many fields of medicine and engineering. OCT images are constructed by measuring the intensity of reflected or back scattered light that is scanned across the tissue and material. This book aims to provide readers with comprehensive information of OCT in ophthalmology, oncology, atherosclerosis and engineering.