ear Editor, Since traumatic macular hole (TMH) was first described in 1869, there have been hypotheses to explain its pathophysiology and MH closure. Previously suggested mechanisms for macular hole (MH) closure were glial or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell proliferation [ 1 ], contraction of the epiretinal membrane or operculum around the edge [ 2 , 3 ]. Recently, we experienced a spontaneously closed TMH accompanied by macular choriovitreal membrane (MCVM) formation in a young patient. A 34-year-old man without significant medical history was admitted to the emergency room with decreased vision in his right eye after being hit by a baseball one day previously ...

Purpose To investigate the foveal avascular zone (AVZ), superficial and deep foveal and parafoveal vessel density (VD) changes related to diabetic retinopathy. Methods Forty-nine type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 45 healthy control subjects were included in this study. The demographic data (age and sex), disease duration, and level of glycated hemoglobin were collected. Superficial VD (%), superficial AVZ area (mm 2 ), deep VD (%) and deep AVZ area (mm 2 ) were evaluated via optic coherence tomography angiography. Results Superficial AVZ was 0.438 ± 0.05 mm 2 in the DM group, 0.246 ± 0.022 mm 2 in the control group ...

Purpose This study compared the glaucoma diagnostic abilities of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). In addition, the possibility of enhancing diagnostic capability by combining the two modalities was investigated. Methods A total of 131 healthy eyes and 113 glaucomatous eyes were imaged by both OCT and OCTA. In OCT, glaucoma was defined as when the color of the superior or inferior quadrant of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness map was yellow (borderline, <5%) or red (outside normal limits, <1%). In OCTA, glaucoma was determined using the cut-off value of the superior or inferior ...

Purpose This study investigated visual acuity (VA) values and differences depending on optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in patients with acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on patients with acute CRAO who underwent macular and disc OCT. We evaluated changes in macular thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness after acute CRAO onset based on OCT. We also determined the association of thickness changes with VA improvement. Results This study involved both eyes in a total of 12 patients with acute CRAO. A significant increase was observed in foveal (1 mm) thickness ...

Purpose To evaluate the agreement between optical biometry with swept-source optical coherence tomography-based optical biometry (IOLMaster 700) and other devices. Methods A total of 137 eyes (78 patients) with cataracts were included in this retrospective study. Axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), keratometry, and white-to-white (WTW) distance measured using IOLMaster 700 were compared with results for the following five different biometers: IOLMaster 500, A-scan, automated refractor, manual keratometry, and Galilei G4. Differences and correlations among the devices were assessed using the Bland-Altman plot and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results For AL values, the IOLMaster 700, IOLMaster 500, and A-scan ...

Purpose To assess choroidal thickness (CT) variation according to refractive errors using enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Methods Eighty-nine eyes (in 89 children) <±6 diopter were categorized into three groups: hyperopia, emmetropia, and myopia, according to refractive error, and underwent choroidal scans using enhanced-depth imaging-optical coherence tomography. CT was measured at the fovea and at 1 mm and 3 mm nasal (N1 and N3), temporal (T1 and T3), superior (S1 and S3), and inferior (I1 and I3) from the fovea. Results Mean foveal CTs were 346.86 µm, 301.97 µm, and 267.46 µm in the hyperopia, emmetropia, and ...

Purpose To investigate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness concordance when measured by spectral domain (SD) and swept source (SS) optical coherence tomography (OCT), and to compare glaucoma-discriminating capability. Methods RNFL thicknesses were measured with the scan circle, centered on the optic nerve head, in 55 healthy, 41 glaucoma suspected, and 87 glaucomatous eyes. The RNFL thickness measured by the SD-OCT (sdRNFL thickness) and SS-OCT (ssRNFL thickness) were compared using the t -test. Bland-Altman analysis was performed to examine their agreement. We compared areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve and examined sdRNFL and ssRNFL thickness for discriminating glaucomatous ...

Dear Editor, Mucopolysaccharidosis is an inheritable storage disease with deficiency of lysosomal enzymes that degrade glycosaminoglycans [ 1 ]. Mucopolysaccharidosis type II, also known as Hunter syndrome, is an X-linked inherited deficiency of enzyme iduronate 2-sulfatase, resulting in progressive accumulation of dermatan sulfate and heparin sulfate [ 1 ]. In many mucopolysaccharidoses, glycosaminoglycans accumulate in the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, resulting in pronounced lysosomal distension [ 2 ]. Previous studies have revealed outer nuclear layer thinning and the absence of outer segments, as well as reduced inner segments from the anterior midperipheral retina [ 2 , 3 ]. However, structural changes of the retina determined by high-resolution spectral ...

Dear Editor, We experienced a case of sub-internal limiting membrane (ILM) hemorrhage successfully treated with an argon green laser (AGL) posterior hyaloidotomy. We could not identify any report in the ophthalmic literature describing spectral domain optic coherence tomography (OCT) localization of AGL spots or preoperative exact anatomic localization in valsalva retinopathy. A 35-year-old man presented with sudden blurred vision in the right eye that occurred one day before examination. Dilated fundus examination of the right eye showed a well-circumscribed large sub-ILM hemorrhage in the temporal macular area ( Fig. 1A ). Fluid was noted in the upper part of the hemorrhage. OCT ...

Purpose To compare the foveal thickness (FT) parameters measured by Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Spectralis OCT in various retinal diseases and to construct conversion formulas between the two types of OCT devices. Methods We examined 366 consecutive patients (475 eyes) with retinal diseases and 13 normal controls (13 eyes). The patients were categorized into eight retinal disease groups. The mean amount and distribution of foveal thickness differences (FTD) measured by Stratus and Spectralis OCT were determined, and conversion formulas were constructed for Stratus OCT FT from Spectralis OCT FT for each retinal disease group. Results Among retinal diseases ...

PURPOSE: To investigate correlations between preoperative and postoperative foveal microstructures in patients with macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). METHODS: We reviewed the records of 31 eyes from 31 patients with macula-off RRD who had undergone successful re-attachment surgery. We analyzed data obtained from complete ophthalmologic examinations and optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and 9 to 12 months after surgery. All postoperative OCT measurements were taken with spectral-domain OCT, but a subset of preoperative OCT measurements were taken with time-domain OCT. RESULTS: The mean duration of macular detachment was 15.5 ± 15.2 days, and mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA ...

Purpose To evaluate a simplified method to measure peripapillary choroidal thickness using commercially available, three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (3D-OCT). Methods 3D-OCT images of normal eyes were consecutively obtained from the 3D-OCT database of Korea University Medical Center On the peripapillary images for retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) analysis, choroidal thickness was measured by adjusting the segmentation line for the retinal pigment epithelium to the chorioscleral junction using the modification tool built into the 3D-OCT image viewer program. Variations of choroidal thickness at 12 sectors of the peripapillary area were evaluated. Results We were able to measure the peripapillary choroidal thickness ...

A 5-year-old girl was diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF-2) due to multiple neurofibromas, cafe-au-lait spots, and schwannomas of the brain. During ophthalmologic evaluation, a posterior subcapsular cataract and a gray-green colored subretinal lesion were found in right eye. Fluorescein angiography (FA) revealed a combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (CHRRPE). At age 9, she underwent cataract surgery. At this time FA and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were taken. The SD-OCT showed an elevated hyperreflective mass in the retina with prominent attenuation of the inner and outer retina, but minimal attenuation in the photoreceptor layers. The ...

PurposeTo determine the lowest limit of signal strength that is still effective for accurate analysis of optic coherence tomography (OCT) values, we investigated the reproducibility of OCT scans by signal strength (SS). MethodsA total of 668 subjects were scanned for measurements of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness using the Stratus OCT twice on the same day. The variability of overall RNFL thickness parameters obtained at different SS was analyzed and compared by repeated-measures of ANOVA and Spearman's correlation coefficient. Values of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and variability (standard deviation) of RNFL thickness were obtained. The false positive ...

PurposeTo evaluate the association between age and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured by Cirrus high-definition (HD) spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in healthy Korean subjects. MethodsA total of 302 eyes from 155 healthy Korean subjects (age range, 20 to 79 years) underwent RNFL thickness measurements using the Cirrus HD-OCT. Average, quadrant, and clock-hour RNFL thickness parameters were analyzed in terms of age using linear mixed effect models. ResultsAverage RNFL demonstrated a slope of -2.1 µm per decade of age (p < 0.001). In quadrant analysis, superior (-3.4 µm/decade, p < 0.001) and inferior (-2.9 µm/decade, p < 0.001) quadrants showed steeper slopes, whereas temporal (-1.1 µm/decade, p < 0.001) and nasal (-1.0 µm/decade, p < 0.001) quadrants revealed shallower slopes. Among the 12 clock-hour sectors, clock hours 6 (-4.5 µm/decade, p < 0.001) and 1 (-4.1 µm/decade, p < 0.001) showed the greatest tendency to decline with age; RNFLs of the 3 (-0.2 µm/decade, p = 0.391) and 4 (-0.6 µm/decade, p = 0.052) o'clock hour sectors did not show significant decay. ConclusionsRNFL thickness was associated with age, especially in superior and inferior areas. The topographic distribution of correlation between age and RNFL thickness was not uniform.

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with the signal strengths (SS, image quality scores) of optic disc and macular images obtained using Cirrus spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). MethodsNinety-two glaucomatous eyes were imaged using the Cirrus OCT macular and optic disc cube modes after pupil dilation. The influences of patient age, spherical equivalent, cataract presence, and cataract and glaucoma severity (visual field mean deviation), on the SS of images obtained using the two cube modes were compared between patients whose images showed high SS (SS ≥7) and low SS (SS

Purpose To evaluate the effects of various factors on the variability of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements using the Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT) in normal and glaucomatous eyes. MethodsFour hundred seventy-four subjects (103 normal eyes and 371 glaucomatous eyes) were scanned to determine the RNFL thickness measurements using the Stratus OCT. Measurements were obtained twice during the same day. The standard deviation (SD) was used to compare the variability in RNFL thickness measurements of the normal subjects to that of the glaucomatous patients. Multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate which covariates were independent predictors of SD ...