Background Increased tissue stiffness (also termed modulus) has been shown to be a characteristic of potential tumor metastasis. Measured values of the stiffness of tumors and cancer cells are reported in the literature to increase compared to neighboring normal tissues. Yet the relationship between the mechanical properties of cells and the extracellular matrix has yet to be correlated with the histopathology of cancerous lesions. Materials and Methods We have developed a technique to do virtual biopsies of skin lesions by combining images made using optical coherence tomography with stiffness measurements made simultaneously using vibrational analysis. The technique is termed vibrational ...

Purpose To investigate the scleral and conjunctival features in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) undergoing scleral buckling (SB), using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). Methods Twenty RRD eyes were consecutively enrolled. AS‐OCT was performed at RRD diagnosis (RRD‐D) and day 1, week 1, month 1 and month 6 after SB to evaluate the sclera, in the affected and unaffected quadrants (AQ, UQ). IVCM was performed at RRD‐D, and at month 1 and month 6, to evaluate the conjunctiva in AQ and UQ. The main outcomes were as follows ...

Background Few data are available for current usage patterns of intravascular modalities such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fractional flow reserve (FFR) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Moreover, patient and procedural‐based outcomes related to intravascular modality guidance compared to angiography guidance have not been fully investigated yet. Methods We examined 11,731 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from the Korea AMI Registry–National Institute of Health database. Patient‐oriented composite endpoint (POCE) was defined as all‐cause death, any infarction, and any revascularization. Device‐oriented composite endpoint (DOCE) was defined as cardiac death ...

Purpose To investigate diurnal changes of choroidal sublayer perfusion in normal eyes and to identify influencing factors using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods A prospective study was conducted on healthy volunteers, each of whom underwent repeated measurements of subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) via enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT) as well as perfusion of choroidal vascular sublayers using OCTA at 7 a.m., 12 p.m., 4 p.m. and 8 p.m. Possible interactions between diurnal variations and other factors, such as mean arterial pressure (MAP), gender and age, were evaluated. Results A total of 22 ...

Letter to the Editor

Radiation therapy for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer is hampered by acute radiation-induced toxicity in the esophagus. This study aims to validate that optical coherence tomography (OCT), a minimally invasive imaging technique with high resolution (~10 µm), is able to visualize and monitor acute radiation-induced esophageal damage (ARIED) in mice. We compare our findings with histopathology as the gold standard. Irradiated mice receive a single dose of 40 Gy at proximal and distal spots of the esophagus of 10.0 mm in diameter. We scan mice using OCT at two, three, and seven days post-irradiation. In OCT analysis we define ...

Letter to the editor

Objectives: To assess the performance of the commercially available Magmaris sirolimuseluting bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) with invasive imaging at different time points. Background: Coronary BRS with a magnesium backbone have been recently studied as an alternative to polymeric scaffolds, providing enhanced vessel support and a faster resorption rate. We aimed to assess the performance of the commercially available Magmaris sirolimus-eluting BRS at different time points. Methods: A prospective, single-center, nonrandomized study was performed at the Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Six patients with stable de novo coronary artery lesions underwent single-vessel revascularization with the Magmaris sirolimus-eluting BRS. Invasive follow-up ...

Background Comedogenesis is defined as the process of the development of a new comedo, which is of great importance for the understanding of acne. Objective To evaluate the formation and evolution of acne lesions from clinically unaffected skin of patients with mild‐moderate acne to characterize the morphological changes and natural resolution by means of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and dynamic otpical coherence tomography (D‐OCT). Methods ten patients with mild‐moderate acne, not assuming any topical or systemic therapy, comprised between 12 and 30 years of age, were recruited. A target area of 4x4mm of the face ...

Our particular thanks go to the children who took part in this study and their families, who gave their time to help other children in the future. The research was funded by Moorfields Eye Charity (ST 15 07 J) and supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. Presentations: British Isles Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Association, annual conference Manchester 2018. In 2017, the corresponding author acted as medical advisor to Santen Inc and ...

Purpose To evaluate the agreement between multimodal imaging—MI (fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in the detection of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in patients with pigment epithelial detachment with subretinal/intraretinal fluid (PED+F) compared to patients with PED without subretinal/intraretinal fluid (PED‐F). Methods Twenty‐two eyes of 15 patients were divided into two groups (PED+F and PED‐F). All patients underwent MI and OCTA with manual and automatic segmentation. MI findings were compared to OCTA findings and then analysed. Results In the PED+F group (10 eyes), all ...

We present the proof of concept of a general model that uses the tissue sample transmittance as input to estimate the depth‐resolved attenuation coefficient of tissue samples using Optical Coherence Tomography. This method allows us to obtain an image of tissue optical properties instead of intensity contrast, guiding diagnosis and tissues differentiation, extending its application from thick to thin samples. The performance of our method was simulated and tested with the assistance of a home built single layer and multi‐layer phantoms (~ 100 μm each layer) with known attenuation coefficient on the range of 0.9 to 2.32 ...

Objectives To assess the performance of the commercially available Magmaris sirolimus‐eluting bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) with invasive imaging at different time points. Background Coronary BRS with a magnesium backbone have been recently studied as an alternative to polymeric scaffolds, providing enhanced vessel support and a faster resorption rate. We aimed to assess the performance of the commercially available Magmaris sirolimus‐eluting BRS at different time points. Methods A prospective, single‐center, nonrandomized study was performed at the Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Six patients with stable de novo coronary artery lesions underwent single‐vessel revascularization with the Magmaris ...

Image Correspondence

Letter to the Editor

ptical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technology that has revolutionised the way we detect and manage ocular disease. Quite simply, it allows the clinician to visualise ocular pathology previously not detectable or only evident in advanced disease. OCT has its roots in ultrafast laser‐activated shutters to photograph ‘light echoes’, which allowed the depth of objects to be captured. Duguay and Mattick 1 at AT&T Bell Laboratories in 1971 suggested this technique could be applied to ‘see inside’ biological tissue. In the 1980s, low‐coherence interferometry was used to measure ‘light echoes’ and had its first in vivo ...

Purpose: In recent years, there has been widespread investment in imaging technologies by community optometrists in the UK, most notably optical coherence tomography (OCT). The aim of the current study was to determine the value of OCT in the diagnosis of posterior segment diseases in a representative sample of community optometrists using a clinical vignette methodology. Methods: A group of community optometrists (n = 50) initially completed a standardised training package on OCT interpretation followed by a computerbased assessment featuring 52 clinical vignettes, containing images of healthy (n = 8) or glaucomatous (n = 18) discs or healthy (n = 8) or diseased (n ...

Purpose To find the potential relation between changes in retinal large vessels and terminal vessels using colour Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to compare the respective advantages of CDFI and OCTA in evaluating vascular changes in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients. Methods A prospective series of case study was conducted to enrol RP patients and age‐matched controls, who were, respectively, imaged by CDFI and OCTA. Repeatability and reproducibility of both CDFI and OCTA were performed among healthy volunteers. The central retinal artery (CRA) was detected by CDFI analysis to provide parameters of peak systolic ...

Optical coherence tomography is a non‐invasive ocular imaging technique that is frequently used in the diagnosis and monitoring of optic nerve or retinal disease. Advances in optical coherence tomography speed and image processing capability allow increased use of the modality in clinical practice, especially in younger children. This review outlines the challenges involved in imaging children, highlights the technological progress, the importance of acquiring normative data and, finally, focuses on the clinical applicability of optical coherence tomography in our paediatric population with various ocular conditions.

Glomus tumors are painful, benign perivascular neoplasms of the glomus body affecting the nail apparatus. Although diagnosis can be made clinically using Love's and Hildreth's tests, imaging is required to distinguish glomus tumors from other subungual vascular lesions. Clinical diagnosis is complicated when the nail has no visible abnormalities. 1 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for imaging but requires a dedicated small part coil, which is unavailable at some facilities and is costly. 2

Objectives In this study, we sought to investigate the association between revolution speed of rotational atherectomy (RA) and debulking area assessed by frequency domain‐optical coherence tomography (FD‐OCT). Background The number of patients with severe calcified coronary artery disease requiring treatment with calcium ablation, such as RA, is increasing. However, there is little evidence available regarding the association between debulking area and revolution speed during RA. Methods We retrospectively investigated 30 consecutive severely calcified coronary lesions in 29 patients who underwent RA under FD‐OCT guidance. The association between preset revolution speed of RA and burr size‐corrected debulking ...

Objectives Using optical coherence tomography (OCT), we evaluated the effect of a cutting balloon (CB) compared with a conventional balloon after rotational atherectomy (RA) and before stenting in severely calcified coronary lesions. Background A CB is designed to create discrete incisions to facilitate fracture of severely calcified plaque. Methods OCT was performed preintervention (if possible), post‐RA, and poststent implantation. RA modification of calcium was defined as a polished, concave, round‐shaped surface. Calcium fracture was defined as a break in the calcium plate. The effects of calcium modification and stent expansion between CB ( n  = 18) versus conventional balloon ( n ...