Purpose To evaluate retinal and choroidal vascular changes in patients with intermediate uveitis with/without concomitant retinal vasculitis using wide field swept‐source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods In this study consecutive patients with intermediate uveitis ± vasculitis and healthy age‐matched controls were evaluated using central 3 × 3 mm OCTA scans and montage scans. Differences among the groups as well as the association between central changes assessed by 3 × 3 scans and wide field OCTA were evaluated. Results 93 eyes of 58 patients with intermediate uveitis and 33 healthy age‐matched controls were included. The presence of a cystoid ...

Letter to the Editor

Purpose Kayser–Fleischer ring pathognomonic for Wilson disease (WD) is formed of corneal copper deposits present predominantly within the anterior chamber angle at the Schwalbe's line. The slit‐lamp assessment commonly used as a standard of care cannot detect them early enough, as the angle view is obscured by the corneal limbus. The aim of the research was to evaluate the anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT), as objective diagnostic assessment of copper deposits forming KF ring in patients with WD. Methods Twenty‐nine subjects (17 women) and twenty‐nine controls (14 women) were enrolled and underwent slit ...

Actinic keratosis (AKs) corresponds to the earliest stage of in‐situ squamous cell carcinoma and arises on chronically sun‐exposed skin. Around the clinically evident AKs, the apparently healthy epidermis may contain different grades of atypia that can be detected by non‐invasive imaging techniques such as reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Subclinical actinic keratosis (sAKs) have captured increasing interest as a potential target of field therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the changes in the field cancerization undergoing treatment with topical ingenolmebutate by combining RCM and OCT. Twenty patients with ...

Background Microneedle fractional radiofrequency (MNRF) is a minimally invasive technique that delivers radiofrequency (RF) energy into the skin via microneedles. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) enable the characterization of device‐tissue interactions in in vivo skin. The aim of this study is to describe MNRF‐induced micropores using RCM and OCT imaging. Materials and methods Five healthy participants were treated with a 7 × 7 array of 1500 μm microneedles on two adjacent areas of the right hip. One area received MNRF using high RF energy while the other underwent MNRF at low RF energy. Micropore morphology ...

Background To evaluate tear meniscus height and tear meniscus area measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to determine the prevalence of dry eye disease in video display terminal (VDT) users. Methods This was a case–control study performed on VDT users. The case group consisted of 53 subjects who vocationally use VDT more than six hours per day and the control group consisted of 49 subjects who used VDT not more than one hour per day. The pre‐vocational and post‐vocational tear meniscus height and tear meniscus area measurements were performed twice in one day using OCT. Tear ...

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) has become one of the cornerstones of non‐contact imaging modalities for assessing such structures as the cornea, anterior chamber angle, aqueous outflow pathway, sclera, and ocular surface structures. As such, it has a broad range of clinical applications, which have been independently reported in the literature. This paper aims to present a review of extant literature on the utility of AS‐OCT and its efficacy in clinical applications, and to evaluate the quality of available evidence. The following databases were searched from inception to 24 June 2018: Medline via Ovid, Cochrane Central ...

Purpose To compare diagnostic accuracy of confocal infrared reflectance (IR), with and without optical coherence tomography (OCT), to colour fundus photography (CFP) in the Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing (NICOLA) Study. Methods Cross‐sectional observational study of participants in NICOLA. CFP, IR and IR/OCT of 640 eyes were graded for hard, soft and reticular pseudodrusen; geographic atrophy; choroidal neovascularisation; naevus; epiretinal membrane; and haemorrhages. Test characteristics (sensitivity and specificity) for each imaging modality with respect to each retinal feature were calculated. Results With CFP as the reference standard, sensitivity of IR by itself ranged from ...

Optical coherence tomography is an imaging technology that has revolutionised the detection, assessment and management of ocular disease. It is now a mainstream technology in clinical practice and is performed by non-specialised personnel in some settings. This article provides a clinical perspective on the implications of that movement and describes best practice using multimodal imaging and an evidence-based approach. Practical, illustrative guides on the interpretation of optical coherence tomography are provided for three major diseases of the ocular fundus, in which optical coherence tomography is often crucial to management: age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. Topics discussed include: cross-sectional ...

The choroid is a vascular tissue which plays a range of critical roles in the normal physiology of the eye, such as supplying the outer retina with oxygen and nutrients and the regulation of intraocular pressure. There is also substantial evidence, particularly from animal studies, that the choroid plays an important role in the regulation of eye growth and the development of common refractive errors like myopia. In recent years, advances in optical coherence tomography technology have improved our ability to image and measure the choroid in the human eye. Research using this technology over the past decade has dramatically ...

Optical coherence tomography is an imaging technology that has revolutionised the detection, assessment and management of ocular disease. It is now a mainstream technology in clinical practice and is performed by non‐specialised personnel in some settings. This article provides a clinical perspective on the implications of that movement and describes best practice using multimodal imaging and an evidence‐based approach. Practical, illustrative guides on the interpretation of optical coherence tomography are provided for three major diseases of the ocular fundus, in which optical coherence tomography is often crucial to management: age‐related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. Topics ...

Background To compare the repeatability and agreements of central corneal thickness measurements of healthy individuals obtained by Scheimpflug‐Placido topographer (Sirius), anterior segment spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis) (AS‐OCT), optical biometry (AL‐Scan) and ultrasonic pachymetry. Methods Sixty‐four eyes of 32 subjects with no ocular or systemic diseases were included in this study. Central corneal thickness measurements performed with Sirius, AS‐OCT, optical biometry AL‐Scan and ultrasonic pachymetry were compared. Bland–Altman analysis was used to demonstrate agreement between methods. Intra‐examiner repeatability was assessed by using intraclass correlation co‐efficients (ICCs). Results Sixty‐four eyes ...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a well‐established technique for the clinical examination, diagnosis, severity staging and monitoring of ophthalmic disorders. The application of this technology has more recently been extended beyond ophthalmic disease, whereby it has been demonstrated that OCT can serve as an ophthalmic marker for a range of systemic neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. This review will focus on the clinical utility of OCT‐derived retinal measures for the investigation of these conditions.

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT‐A) is an emerging technology that allows for the non‐invasive imaging of the ocular microvasculature. Despite the wealth of observations and numerous research studies illustrating the potential clinical uses of OCT‐A, this technique is currently rarely used in routine clinical settings. In this review, technical and clinical aspects of OCT‐A imaging are discussed, and the future clinical potential of OCT‐A is considered. An understanding of the basic principles and limitations of OCT‐A technology will better inform clinicians of its future potential in the diagnosis and management of ocular diseases.

Background The aim of this study was to examine the influence of B‐scan averaging on choroidal thickness using wide‐field enhanced‐depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Methods Six high‐resolution trans‐foveal horizontal enhanced‐depth imaging line scans (spanning a 60° field) were acquired consecutively from the right eye of 10 healthy adults (mean age 30 ± 5 years), with each line scan an average of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 100 B‐scans, using the automated real‐time image averaging and follow‐up features of a Spectralis device. The impact of B‐scan averaging on regional measures of ...

Objective To evaluate the degree of microvascular impairment in diabetic retinopathy using multifractal and lacunarity analyses and to compare the diagnostic ability between traditional Euclidean measures (fovea avascular zone area and vessel density) and fractal geometric features. Methods This retrospective cross‐sectional study included a total of 143 eyes of 94 patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy. The retinal microvasculature was imaged by projection removed optical coherence tomography angiography. We examined the degree of association between fractal metrics of the retinal microvasculature and diabetic retinopathy severity. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to estimate the ...

Combining information from optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and visual field testing is useful in the clinical assessment and monitoring of patients with glaucoma. Measurements of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness or neuroretinal rim width taken around the optic nerve head may be related to the visual field using a structure–function map. In this review, the structure–function mapping methods in clinical use are discussed. Typical clinical maps provide a population average, ‘one size fits all’ representation, but in recent years methods for customising structure–function maps to individual eyes have been developed and these are reviewed here. In ...

Objectives and Background Polymer coatings of drug‐eluting stents (DES) may induce allergic reactions and inflammation, resulting in late‐acquired stent malapposition (LASM) with the risk of stent thrombosis. This study evaluated, if biodegradable polymer (BP) reduces the incidence of LASM compared to permanent polymer (PP) after treatment with newer generation DES. Methods and Results Fifty patients with 59 lesions were randomized (2:1) to elective treatment with second generation PP‐DES ( n  = 32, 39 stents), either Everolimus‐eluting or Zotarolimus‐eluting stents, or with BP‐DES (Biolimus‐eluting stents [BES]; n  = 18, 20 stents) and underwent optical coherence tomography ...

Objectives We evaluated healing responses with optical coherence tomography, and long‐term clinical outcomes after treatment with a dedicated stent versus a conventional culotte technique. Background Dedicated bifurcation stents have been proposed as an alternative treatment for coronary bifurcation lesions. The long‐term performance of dedicated stents versus conventional dual‐stent techniques for the treatment of complex coronary bifurcation lesions is unknown. Methods Forty patients with true coronary bifurcation lesions were randomized to treatment with a dedicated Axxess bifurcation stent in the proximal main vessel and additional Biomatrix stents in branches versus culotte stenting using Xience stents. Results The percentage ...

Objectives The aim is to investigate the usefulness of longitudinal reconstructed optical coherence tomography (OCT) images in selecting the reverse wire (RW) technique for inserting a guidewire into a side branch (SB). Background It is sometimes necessary to protect the SB with a guidewire to prevent SB complications in PCI for bifurcation lesions. The RW is a novel method for guidewire insertion into an extremely angulated SB when the standard antegrade wire (AW) approach is difficult. Methods This retrospective study included 46 consecutive patients who underwent OCT‐guided PCI in bifurcation lesions with significant SB stenosis. Patients were divided into ...

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify quantitatively measurable morphologic optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics in patients with an acute episode of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and evaluate their correlation to functional and psychological variables for their use in daily clinical practice. Methods Retinal thickness (RT), the height, area and volume of subretinal fluid (SRF)/pigment epithelium detachments were evaluated using the standardized procedures of the Vienna Reading Center. These morphologic characteristics were compared with functional variables [best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity (CS), retinal sensitivity/microperimetry, fixation stability], and patients’ subjective handicap from CSC using the ...

No abstract provided.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an important cause of acute coronary syndrome especially in women. The most common underlying predisposing cause of SCAD is fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), a non‐inflammatory arteriopathy that results in weakening of the affected arteries, and can cause dissection or aneurysm. Coronary FMD (CFMD) was described as rare, and was shown to cause SCAD in histopathological case reports. Unfortunately, CFMD is challenging to diagnose on coronary angiography, as the findings can be similar to other causes of coronary artery disease. Therefore, we illustrate two case examples of CFMD on coronary angiography, and highlight findings on ...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT), enables high‐resolution 3D imaging of the morphology of light scattering tissues. From the OCT signal, parameters can be extracted and related to tissue structures. One of the quantitative parameters is the attenuation coefficient; the rate at which the intensity of detected light decays in depth. To couple the quantitative parameters with the histology one‐to‐one registration is needed. The primary aim of this study is to validate a registration method of quantitative OCT parameters to histological tissue outcome through one‐to‐one registration of OCT with histology. We matched OCT images of unstained fixated ...