Letter to the Editor

Letter to the Editor.

Objectives We tried to determine the effect of stent balloon inflation time on stent expansion and apposition using optical coherence tomography . Background Second-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) have thin struts; however, inflation times for optimal stent expansion and apposition are unknown in vivo . Methods Subjects included 17 patients (18 de novo coronary artery lesions), in whom Resolute Integrity → (n = 9) and Xience Prime → (n = 9) DES were deployed. All stents were inflated 3 times to the nominal inflation pressure (8.9 ± 0.6 atm) using the stent delivery balloon. The first inflation continued until the stent was angiographically fully expanded; the ...

Background and Objectives After permanent make-up treatments, eczematous and granulomatous reactions may occur which need anti-inflammatory treatment. For the definite diagnosis oftentimes biopsies are recommended. In vivo imaging such as reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) has been successfully used in the non-invasive diagnosis of various dermatoses before. Methods Here, we report on non-invasive imaging of a reaction towards permanent make-up in a 40-year-old woman by using HD-OCT and RCM. Results Both in HD-OCT and in RCM subepidermal pigment and granulomatous changes could be visualized and correlated with the histopathological findings. Regression of the lesions in ...

Background Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a powerful imaging modality to visualize tissue structures, with axial image pixel resolution as high as 1.6 um in tissue. However, OCT is intrinsically limited to providing structural information as the OCT contrast is produced by optically scattering tissues. Methods Here we demonstrate gold nanorods (GNRs) injected into the anterior chamber (AC) and cornea of mice eyes can create a significant OCT signal and hence can be used as a contrast agent for in vivo OCT imaging. Results We show that a low dose of 30 nM of GNRs (13 nm in diameter ...

Background/Aims Herein, we report a case of microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC), which we correlated and evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and conventional H&E histology. Methods A commercially available OCT scanner was used for imaging. Several multi-slice images were obtained from the central portion of the lesion. Correlation of OCT findings with histology was performed retrospectively. Results Microcystic adnexal carcinoma showed characteristic criteria, which were divided into superficial and sub-epidermal findings. Conclusion The use of OCT can visualize characteristic criteria of MAC, thus enabling prompt diagnosis before surgery.

Intracoronary device loss is occasionally encountered and removal is commonly performed at the time of the procedure. We report a case of removal of a retained coronary balloon protective plastic tubing inadvertently left in the coronary artery for a month and associated with myocardial infarction. Optical coherence tomography was used to visualize the foreign body prior to removal with a snare. To our knowledge this is the first report of a removal of disposable packaging equipment after prolonged intracoronary dwell time.

Aim : Neointimal proliferation of bifurcation lesions after implantation of drug-eluting stents (DES) has not been well evaluated. Thus, we compared neointimal proliferation of bifurcation lesions among four DES using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods : Eight-month follow-up OCT was performed in 68 bifurcation lesions treated by 15 sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) and 17 paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) as first-generation DES, and by 17 zotarolimus-eluting stents (ZES) and 19 everolimus-eluting stents (EES) as second-generation DES. Cross-sectional images of the bifurcation lesion using OCT were analyzed every 450 µm. All images were divided into three areas: inner wall of the bifurcation (IB), outer wall of ...

Topical application optical clearing agents (OCAs) can effectively enhance the tissue optical clearing on the human colon tissue, which has been demonstrated in our previous studies. Nevertheless, the strong light scattering still limits the diffusion rate of OCAs and penetration depth of light into the tissue. In this study, in order to further increase the diffusion of the OCA of glucose into tissue, we employ a method to improve the glucose permeability and light penetration with ultrasound (sonophoretic delivery, SP) and glucose (G) synergy on human normal and cancerous colon tissues in vitro, which was measured and quantified with spectral-domain ...

Background Full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) is a new noninvasive imaging technique that can see down to the cellular level without tissue preparation or contrast agents. Objective To use FF-OCT to image Mohs micrographic surgery specimens and verify the ability of a dermatopathologist to identify or exclude malignancy. Materials and Methods Two Mohs surgeons supplied 18 Mohs sections from 11 patients. Each section was scanned using the FF-OCT, and a dermatopathologist blinded to the diagnosis examined the images for malignancy. The FF-OCT images were then compared with the intraoperative hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained frozen sections for concordance. Results ...

The increased use of endovascular interventions has resulted in a growing number of complications pertaining to unretrievable devices. We report a case of balloon dislodgement in a coronary artery during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with bailout stenting used bare metal stent (BMS). We could not retrieve the remnant despite several attempts and techniques. Thereafter, we deployed BMS to bail out thrombus to recover the coronary flow. Emergency surgery was not considered because of high perioperative mortality (EuroSCORE II 55.91%). We did careful follow up with frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) images, which revealed thick neointima hyperplasia that completely ...

Background High-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) scanners have recently been developed providing significantly higher resolution than conventional OCT . Objectives To assess the relationship between recently defined histopathological HD-OCT correlates of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and possible predictors for the most common tumour subtypes. Methods For HD-OCT imaging, we used the Skintell ® device (Agfa Healthcare, Mortsel, Belgium). Twenty-five BCCs were histopathologically (including vertical as well horizontal haematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue sectioning) confirmed and correlated with HD-OCT images. Results In the en-face mode, lobulated nodules were seen in 21 of the 25 lesions (84%), peripheral rimming in 18 (25/72 ...

Background To evaluate different mechanisms of acute angle closure(AAC), and to compare it with unaffected fellow eyes and primary angle closure suspects(PACS) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT). Design Prospective, cross-sectional Methods In this clinic-based study,116 eyes(76 patients) with angle closure disease were included and categorized into three groups:1) AAC(40 eyes); 2) fellow eyes of AAC(40 eyes); and 3) PACS(36 eyes). Complete ophthalmic examinations including gonioscopy, A-scan biometry, and AS-OCT were performed. Main outcome measure Based on the AS-OCT images, 4 mechanisms of PAC including pupil block, plateau iris configuration, thick ...

Background Gold standard assessment of acute wound healing has traditionally been through histological analysis of biopsied tissue. However, this process is invasive with recognised side-effects. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive technique generating high resolution real-time images of cutaneous architecture. Objective To compare OCT with histological assessment of in-vivo acute wound healing and ascertain level of agreement between modalities for measurement of defined cutaneous structures. Methods 5mm punch biopsies were harvested from 50 healthy volunteers. Wounds healed by secondary intention until they were re-excised 7, 14, 21 or 28 days later depending on random group allocation. Wounds were assessed ...

Several studies have demonstrated the potential of cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT) to quantify the severity of early caries lesions (tooth decay) on tooth surfaces. The purpose of this study is to show that 2D images of the lesion depth and the integrated reflectivity can be used to accurately represent the severity of early lesions. Simulated early lesions of varying severity were produced on tooth samples using simulated lesion models. Methods were developed to convert the 3D CP-OCT images of the samples to 2D images of the lesion depth and lesion integrated reflectivity. Calculated lesion depths from OCT were compared ...

Editorial

A 81-year-old woman was admitted for exertional angina. Coronary angiogram revealed a severely calcific proximal circumflex lesion. Rotational atherectomy was performed with 1.5 and 1.75 burrs, obtaining a good angiographic result. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) assessment revealed a large dissection parallel to the true lumen. We implanted a 3.0 mm × 38 mm Xience Prime ® stent and postdilated it with a 3.0-mm non-compliant balloon. Final OCT pullback showed mild malapposed struts with large lumen area. 3D-OCT reconstruction confirmed a large lumen after stent implantation.

Currently, optical coherence tomography (OCT), is not capable of obtaining molecular information often crucial for identification of disease. To enable molecular imaging with OCT, we have further developed a technique that harnesses transient changes in light absorption in the sample to garner molecular information. A Fourier-domain Pump-Probe OCT (PPOCT) system utilizing a 532 nm pump and 830 nm probe has been developed for imaging hemoglobin. Methylene blue, a biological dye with well-know photophysics, was used to characterize the system before investigating the origin of the hemoglobin PPOCT signal. The first in vivo PPOCT images were recorded of the vasculature in ...

Background Emerging tools for the diagnosis of skin cancer are non-invasive imaging devices that allow for skin visualization without biopsy. While the capabilities of non-invasive imaging tools are far-reaching, each varies in its resolution depth, image clarity, clinical applicability, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Objective The objective of this review is to evaluate non-invasive imaging modalities, and examine their capabilities, conditions for use, clinical applications, and limitations. Materials and methods A literature review was conducted on Pubmed using the search term “non-invasive diagnostic imaging tools and skin”. Relevant citations suggested by Pubmed were included. Each non-invasive imaging tool evaluated was also ...

The aims of this study were to assess the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), to determine its correlation with disease severity, and to define a simple biomarker for predicting clinical severity. One hundred two eyes from 52 patients affected by PD were compared with 97 eyes from 50 age-comparable controls. In all patients, peripapillary RNFL thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). We used the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) total score and measured responses in the on medication state. Eyes from patients with PD had a statistically ...

Background and Objective The identification of parathyroid glands can be a major problem in parathyroid surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in distinguishing between parathyroid tissue, thyroid tissue, lymph nodes, and adipose tissue. Methods Ex vivo OCT images as well as histological sections were generated from parathyroid glands, thyroid tissue, lymph nodes and fat in order to define significant morphologic differences between these entities. As a second step all OCT images were separately evaluated by two blinded investigators and later compared to the corresponding histology. Sensitivity and specificity of OCT ...

Full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) using a conventional light-emitting diode and a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor camera has been developed for characterising coatings on small pellet samples. A set of en-face images covering an area of 700 × 700 μm 2 was taken over a depth range of 166 μm. The three-dimensional structural information, such as the coating thickness and uniformity, was subsequently obtained by analysis of the recorded en-face images. Drug-loaded pharmaceutical sustained-release pellets with two coating layers and of a sub-millimetre diameter were studied to demonstrate the usefulness of the developed system. We have shown that both coatings can be ...

Aims To compare in an ex vivo model, the diagnostic accuracy of periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the detection of artificially induced incomplete and complete vertical root fractures (VRFs), and to determine whether the width of the VRFs had an impact on the diagnostic accuracy of the imaging systems. Methodology Incomplete VRFs were induced in 30 non-endodontically treated human mandibular premolar and molar teeth. VRF widths were measured using optical coherence tomography. Complete VRFs were induced in 15 of these teeth. 3D Accuitomo and i-CAT CBCT scans and periapical radiographs were taken prior to and after ...

Objectives To compare strut coverage patterns between everolimus-eluting stent (EES) and first-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) at more than 12 months after successful implantation, using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Background No sufficient OCT data has been reported comparing late strut coverage patterns between EES and first-generation DES. The favorable late results after EES implantation could be related to lower rates of uncovered and malapposed struts. Methods A total of 66 DES (21 EES, 23 SES, and 22 PES) that were implanted at least 1 year in advance in 40 patients and met good late angiographic results were evaluated by OCT. The ...