Objective To document the appearance of artifacts created by commonly encountered surgical conditions and instrumentation on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to compare these findings with histopathology. Study design Ex vivo study. Animals Five canine cadavers. Methods Skin, subcutaneous fat, skeletal muscle, and fascia samples were obtained from fresh canine cadavers. Blood pooling, hemostatic crushing, scalpel blade cut, monopolar electrosurgery, bipolar vessel sealing device, and ultrasonic energy surgical artifacts were induced on each tissue type. Each specimen was imaged with OCT and subsequently histologically processed. Results Most surgical instrumentation used for tumor excision created a high‐scattering region with local ...

Optical coherence tomography can provide high‐resolution imaging of the human heart valuable for treating cardiovascular disease. However, comprehensive optical coherence tomography imaging data in the human heart is lacking. This study provides imaging data from a large sample size of human hearts, and qualitative and quantitative imaging features corresponding to a variety of cardiac tissue types are described, providing guidance to future cardiac applications of optical coherence tomography.

Background The optimal approach to guide percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has yet to be defined. The aim of this study was to compare functional driven (fractional flow reserve) versus intravascular imaging (intravascular ultrasound, IVUS, and/or optical coherence tomography, OCT) versus standard (coronary angiography only, CA)‐guided PCI. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and propensity score weight‐matched studies (PSWMs) comparing FFR versus IVUS versus OCT versus CA‐guided PCI were included. Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE; a composite end point of death or myocardial infarction [MI] or revascularization) was the primary endpoint, whereas definite stent thrombosis (ST) and single ...

The objective of this study is to establish a novel method for continuously monitoring thrombus progression with various outcome measures and to assess the efficacy of antithrombotic drugs in murine thrombosis model in mice. In the study, thrombus was induced in the femoral vein of mice by FeCl 3 and monitored over time by spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Three dimensional images of thrombi with or without heparin as an antithrombotic agent were obtained from OCT angiography. In addition, several parameters of thrombi were analysed and compared between control and anticoagulant groups. By using OCT, we were able to ...

Background and Objectives Successful outcomes of clinical studies for acne vulgaris depend greatly on achieving statistically significant reduction in acne lesion count and improvement in Investigator's Global Assessment score of the investigational drug product against its vehicle control. To date, there has not been a validated preclinical acne model to evaluate investigational drug products in order to improve the probability of clinical success. An inflammatory acne‐like lesion mouse model developed in‐house has previously been used for clinical guidance in our drug development program. In this study, we aim to implement and assess the adequacy of swept‐source ...

Letter to the editor.

Background There is paucity of data on acute performance of Fantom (REVA Medical, CA), a second generation sirolimus‐eluting bioresorbable scaffold (BRS), in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of the Fantom BRS in the acute setting of STEMI characterized by thrombogenic milieu. Methodology Ten STEMI patients treated with a sirolimus‐eluting Fantom BRS were enrolled into prospective, observational study. The scaffold sizing, positioning, and optimization were optical coherence tomography (OCT) guided. The primary end‐point was the device‐oriented composite endpoint (DOCE ...

Purpose To compare the diagnostic ability of ultrasonography (US) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in evaluating posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) status. Methods In total, 124 eyes in 63 patients were prospectively enrolled. Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) status was evaluated by two examiners independently using US and OCT (transverse scan with/without peripapillary scan). By combining all examination results from both examiners, a final agreement on the PVD status was made. Inter‐observer agreement and inter‐examination agreement on PVD detection were evaluated. Results The inter‐observer agreement on PVD grading based on US was substantial (kappa = 0.628). The inter ...

Objective To evaluate the retina and optic nerve head (ONH) in canine eyes predisposed to glaucoma using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Animals Twenty‐five eyes (24 dogs). Methods Measures of peripapillary retinal, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and ONH parameters were obtained in vivo by OCT of the unaffected eye in dogs diagnosed with unilateral primary glaucoma (predisposed; n = 12) and compared with measures of healthy control eyes (normal; n = 13). Repeatability and intrarater reliability were explored using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Results Compared to normal eyes, predisposed eyes had a thinner retina in ...

Literature describes that a well‐maintained moist wound healing environment leads to faster healing by preventing scabbing and drying of the wound. A moist wound speeds healing by allowing for unimpeded movement of newly dividing epidermal cells in the wound. Contrary to what is described in literature and practiced by clinicians, first‐aid dressings used at home by consumers advertise breathability and absorptivity as benefits. This manuscript examines the effects of dressing breathability and highly absorptive pads on healing and wound appearance in a porcine dermatome wound model, designed to mimic an abrasion injury. Partial thickness wounds were covered with ...

Editor, While first described in the medical history as an incidental finding on autopsies or now abandoned diagnostic techniques like roentgenographic cephalometry, the pituitary incidentaloma as a clinical entity unfolded with the introduction of contemporary medical imaging like computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (Nanda et al. 1967 ; Parent et al. 1982 ; Molitch & Russell 1990 ). Many pituitary tumours remain small and clinically silent. Nevertheless, the diagnosis of a pituitary incidentaloma necessitates evaluation for endocrine dysfunction or mass effect requiring treatment; the risk of serendipitous findings without any medical benefit to the patient remains an important dilemma of modern ...

Background We aimed to evaluate the choroidal thickness (CT) in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI‐OCT). Methods In this cross‐sectional, observational comparative study, 56 eyes of 56 patients with AIS and 56 eyes of 56 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy subjects were included. All participants underwent complete ophthalmologic examination and CT measurements at the fovea and at 750 μm intervals from the fovea to 1,500 μm in the nasal and temporal site obtained by spectral domain EDI‐OCT. Results The mean subfoveal CT was lower in the AIS patients ...

Background Increased tissue stiffness (also termed modulus) has been shown to be a characteristic of potential tumor metastasis. Measured values of the stiffness of tumors and cancer cells are reported in the literature to increase compared to neighboring normal tissues. Yet the relationship between the mechanical properties of cells and the extracellular matrix has yet to be correlated with the histopathology of cancerous lesions. Materials and Methods We have developed a technique to do virtual biopsies of skin lesions by combining images made using optical coherence tomography with stiffness measurements made simultaneously using vibrational analysis. The technique is termed vibrational ...

Purpose To investigate the scleral and conjunctival features in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) undergoing scleral buckling (SB), using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). Methods Twenty RRD eyes were consecutively enrolled. AS‐OCT was performed at RRD diagnosis (RRD‐D) and day 1, week 1, month 1 and month 6 after SB to evaluate the sclera, in the affected and unaffected quadrants (AQ, UQ). IVCM was performed at RRD‐D, and at month 1 and month 6, to evaluate the conjunctiva in AQ and UQ. The main outcomes were as follows ...

Background Few data are available for current usage patterns of intravascular modalities such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fractional flow reserve (FFR) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Moreover, patient and procedural‐based outcomes related to intravascular modality guidance compared to angiography guidance have not been fully investigated yet. Methods We examined 11,731 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from the Korea AMI Registry–National Institute of Health database. Patient‐oriented composite endpoint (POCE) was defined as all‐cause death, any infarction, and any revascularization. Device‐oriented composite endpoint (DOCE) was defined as cardiac death ...

Purpose To investigate diurnal changes of choroidal sublayer perfusion in normal eyes and to identify influencing factors using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods A prospective study was conducted on healthy volunteers, each of whom underwent repeated measurements of subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) via enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT) as well as perfusion of choroidal vascular sublayers using OCTA at 7 a.m., 12 p.m., 4 p.m. and 8 p.m. Possible interactions between diurnal variations and other factors, such as mean arterial pressure (MAP), gender and age, were evaluated. Results A total of 22 ...

Objective To demonstrate the safety and feasibility of clinical in vivo needle‐based optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the prostate. Materials and Methods Two patients with prostate cancer underwent each two percutaneous in vivo needle‐based OCT measurements before transperineal template mapping biopsy. The OCT probe was introduced via a needle and positioned under ultrasound guidance. To test the safety, adverse events were recorded during and after the procedure. To test the feasibility, OCT and US images were studied during and after the procedure. Corresponding regions for OCT and biopsy were determined. A uropathologist evaluated and annotated the histopathology ...

Objective To determine the optimal thresholds for intereye differences in retinal nerve fiber and ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer thicknesses for identifying unilateral optic nerve lesions in multiple sclerosis. Current international diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis do not include the optic nerve as a lesion site despite frequent involvement. Optical coherence tomography detects retinal thinning associated with optic nerve lesions. Methods In this multicenter international study at 11 sites, optical coherence tomography was measured for patients and healthy controls as part of the International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium. High‐ and low‐contrast acuity were also collected in a subset ...

Letter to the Editor

Radiation therapy for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer is hampered by acute radiation-induced toxicity in the esophagus. This study aims to validate that optical coherence tomography (OCT), a minimally invasive imaging technique with high resolution (~10 µm), is able to visualize and monitor acute radiation-induced esophageal damage (ARIED) in mice. We compare our findings with histopathology as the gold standard. Irradiated mice receive a single dose of 40 Gy at proximal and distal spots of the esophagus of 10.0 mm in diameter. We scan mice using OCT at two, three, and seven days post-irradiation. In OCT analysis we define ...

Letter to the editor

Objectives: To assess the performance of the commercially available Magmaris sirolimuseluting bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) with invasive imaging at different time points. Background: Coronary BRS with a magnesium backbone have been recently studied as an alternative to polymeric scaffolds, providing enhanced vessel support and a faster resorption rate. We aimed to assess the performance of the commercially available Magmaris sirolimus-eluting BRS at different time points. Methods: A prospective, single-center, nonrandomized study was performed at the Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Six patients with stable de novo coronary artery lesions underwent single-vessel revascularization with the Magmaris sirolimus-eluting BRS. Invasive follow-up ...

Background Comedogenesis is defined as the process of the development of a new comedo, which is of great importance for the understanding of acne. Objective To evaluate the formation and evolution of acne lesions from clinically unaffected skin of patients with mild‐moderate acne to characterize the morphological changes and natural resolution by means of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and dynamic otpical coherence tomography (D‐OCT). Methods ten patients with mild‐moderate acne, not assuming any topical or systemic therapy, comprised between 12 and 30 years of age, were recruited. A target area of 4x4mm of the face ...

Our particular thanks go to the children who took part in this study and their families, who gave their time to help other children in the future. The research was funded by Moorfields Eye Charity (ST 15 07 J) and supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. Presentations: British Isles Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Association, annual conference Manchester 2018. In 2017, the corresponding author acted as medical advisor to Santen Inc and ...