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No abstract provided.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progress, fatal form of insterstitial lung disease (IDL)....

Rationale: Subglottic edema and acquired subglottic stenosis are potentially airway-compromising sequelae in neonates following endotracheal intubation. At present, no imaging modality is capable of in vivo diagnosis of subepithelial airway wall pathology as signs of intubation-related injury. Objectives: To use Fourier domain long-range optical coherence tomography (LR-OCT) to acquire micrometer-resolution images of the airway wall of intubated neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit setting and to analyze images for histopathology and airway wall thickness. Methods: LR-OCT of the neonatal laryngotracheal airway was performed a total of 94 times on 72 subjects (age, 1–175 d; total intubation, 1–104 ...

Rationale: Adjusting for the amount of smoking, women have a 50% increased risk of COPD compared with men. It is not known what the anatomic basis/mechanism(s) of these sex-related differences in COPD might be. Objective: To characterize the impact of female sex hormones on chronic cigarette smoke-induced airway remodeling and emphysema in a mouse model of COPD. Methods: Airway remodeling and emphysema were determined morphometrically in male, female, and ovariectomized mice exposed to 6 months of cigarette smoke. Antioxidant- and transforming growth factor (TGFβ)-related genes were profiled in airway tissues. The selective estrogen receptor modulator, tamoxifen, was ...

Subglottic edema and acquired subglottic stenosis are potentially airway -compromising sequelae in neonates following endotracheal intubation . At present, no imaging modality is capable of in vivo diagnosis of subepithelial airway wall pathology as signs of intubation - related injury . OBJECTIVES: To use Fourier domain long - range optical coherence tomography (LR-OCT) to acquire micrometer-resolution images of the airway wall of intubated neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting and to analyze images for histopathology and airway wall thickness. METHODS: LR-OCT of the neonatal laryngotracheal airway was performed a total of 94 times on 72 subjects (age 1-175 days, total intubation ...

Rationale: Lung carcinoma diagnosis on tissue biopsy can be challenging due to insufficient tumor and lack of architectural information. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution imaging modality that visualizes tissue microarchitecture in volumes orders of magnitude larger than biopsy. It has been proposed that OCT could potentially replace tissue biopsy. Objectives: We aim to determine if OCT could replace histology in diagnosing lung carcinomas . We develop and validate OCT interpretation criteria for common primary lung carcinomas : adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and poorly differentiated carcinoma . Methods: A total of 82 ex vivo tumor samples were included in a blinded ...

Rationale: The mechanisms underlying cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease pathogenesis are unknown. Objective: To establish mechanisms linking anion transport with the functional microanatomy, we evaluated normal and CF piglet trachea, as well as adult swine trachea in the presence of selective anion inhibitors. Methods: We investigated airway functional microanatomy using micro-optical coherence tomography, a new imaging modality that concurrently quantifies multiple functional parameters of airway epithelium in a co-localized fashion. Main Results: Tracheal explants from wild type swine demonstrated a direct link between periciliary liquid (PCL) hydration and mucociliary transport (MCT) rates, a relationship frequently invoked but never experimentally confirmed ...

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