Purpose: To describe the swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) features of regressed macular retinoblastoma (RB). Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in 13 patients with regressed macular RB with good fixation in at least one eye. Fundus photography and SS-OCT were documented. High-resolution scans with good signal strength were selected. The types of clinical regression and SS-OCT characteristics of the regressed lesions (presence of vitreous detachment, intratumor schisis/cavitation, calcification, foveal dip, and OCT pattern) were noted. Results: Of the 13 eyes, 7 (53%) were group B, 4 (30%) were group C, and 2 (17%) were group D ...

Purpose: To study optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) features of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) following treatment with photodynamic therapy (PDT) and transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT). Methods: A retrospective chart review of consecutive patients treated for CCH over 2 years (May 2016–April 2018). The investigations, in addition to comprehensive eye examination, included color fundus photography, B-scan ultrasonography, OCT, and OCT-A. Results: The study included 16 eyes of 16 patients (9 males and 7 females). The mean age at presentation was 43.5 ± 9 years (range 33–62 years). Macula ( n = 6) and superior arcade ( n = 5 ...

In this case report, we demonstrate the use of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) as a tool to evaluate intrinsic vasculature in a case of juxtapapillary melanoma which underwent ruthinium.106 plaque brachytherapy. In this case, OCTA could demonstrate a decrease in caliber and density of the intrinsic vasculature of the tumor post brachytherapy

A 33-year-old gentleman was presented with metamorphopsia in the left eye due to choroidal osteoma (CO) complicated by choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM). Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) proved to be a valuable, noninvasive tool in monitoring treatment response of CNVM. The tumor subsequently underwent decalcification over a period of 4 years. In addition, SS-OCT scans were instrumental in documenting the natural course of the tumor and focal choroidal excavations (FCE), which were found in correspondence with tumor decalcification. Close follow-up is warranted in FCE, secondary to decalcification of CO, as CNVM has been documented to occur on the slope or ...

Purpose: To compare foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and circularity, ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness, retinal perfusion density (PD), and vessel density (VD) in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) after resolution of cystoid macular edema (CME) to fellow control eyes and to correlate these parameters with visual acuity (VA). Methods: SD-OCTA scans (Zeiss Angioplex; Carl Zeiss Meditec Version 10) obtained on 32 eyes with BRVO after resolution of the CME with their fellow eyes used as controls were retrospectively evaluated. Parameters analyzed were FAZ size and circularity, PD, and VD in the superficial capillary plexus measured in the ...

Purpose: To ascertain if ultrasound (USG) B-scan examination of the optic nerve head (ONH) can be a useful tool to diagnose and quantify glaucomatous cupping. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study of 48 eyes of 48 patients with clear ocular media and cup-disc ratio of (CDR) ≥0.6 were included. The disc was studied by + 90D examination, USG B-scan and ONH Optical coherence tomography (OCT) by three masked observers. Observer-1 assessed the clinical CDR, observer-2recordedopticcup diameter on USG B-scan and observer-3performed ONH OCT to note the software computed average CDR. Measurements of cupping obtained by these 3 methods were compared and ...

A 22-year-old male presented for a routine check up. Uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Slit lamp examination revealed superior yellow-white stromal opacities extending circumferentially from 9 o'clock to 3 o'clock in the right eye [Figure 1] a and [Figure 1] b and around 12 o'clock in the left eye [Figure 2] a and [Figure 2] b along with superficial vascularisation and lipid deposition at the leading edge of the corneal thinning. There was no epithelial defect. Intraocular pressure was 16 mmHg in both eyes using Goldmann applanation tonometry. A dilated fundus examination was ...

A 55-year-old lady was referred to the retina clinic, with history of globe hypotony post peribulbar anesthesia injection in the left eye (OS). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the right eye was 6/60 and in the left eye was light perception. Intraocular pressure OS was 6 mm of Hg. On examination, pupillary reactions were normal. Anterior segment examination revealed immature senile cataract in the right eye and pseudophakia in the left eye. Left eye fundus view was obscured owing to vitreous hemorrhage, whereas the right eye was normal. B-scan was done to rule out retinal detachment, and the ...

A 28-year-old male was referred with a diagnosis of “funny looking” retinal vessels. His unaided visual acuity was 6/6, and anterior segment examination was unremarkable in both eyes. Fundus evaluation showed nasalization of retinal arterioles and venules at the optic discs of both eyes. Retinal vessels were seen emerging from the centre of the optic disc and then coursing supero-nasally and infero-nasally, instead of supero-temporally and supero-nasally. After coursing for 2 disc diameters nasally, they acutely turned temporally and went on to form the vascular arcades. This was more prominent in the left eye than in the right eye ...

Subepithelial corneal infiltrates often follow adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis. [1] They usually resolve over time, but in some, these can progress to permanent corneal scars. Anterior segment- optical coherence tomography (S-OCT) can be a very useful tool to differentiate reversible infiltrates from irreversible scars and obviates the need for a steroid trial. Subepithelial corneal infiltrates [Figure 1] a appear on AS-OCT patchy, anterior stromal hyperreflective lesions with an intact Bowman's membrane and a uniform epithelial thickness [Figure 1] b. On the other hand, scars [Figure 1] c on AS-OCT appear as hyperreflective plaque-like lesions in the anterior stroma with disruption of ...

A 56-year-old female presented with blurred vision in the right eye. Best corrected visual acuity was 6/18, N12 in the right eye and 6/6, N6 in the left eye. Fundus examination in both eyes showed significant tessellation. Spectral domain OCT revealed a split in the neurosensory retina at the level of Henle's layer nasal to fovea with schitic changes extending to fovea. En face OCT demonstrated a very characteristic half wheel or coral shaped pattern at the level of outer plexiform layer highlighting the complete extent of the retinoschisis [Figure 1] .

A 46-year-old male presented with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/125 in his right eye. Fundus showed disc edema, multiple yellow outer retinal crops, macular edema and a live motile worm in the subretinal space. Diagnosis of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) was made and pattern scanning laser photocoagulation (PSLP) was performed along with administration of oral albendazole, diethylcarbamazine and corticosteroids. Complete disappearance of the worm was observed at 2 weeks. At last follow up, final BCVA improved to 20/30. Herein, we report role of PSLP in the management of DUSN.

Different nematodes have been associated with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) including Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum, Strongyloides stercoralis, Ascaris lumbricoides , and Baylisascaris procyonis . [1] The clinical features of DUSN include subretinal tracks, small yellow-white spots on retina, altered internal limiting membrane (ILM) reflex, vitritis, vasculitis, retinal edema, live worm, alterations of the retinal pigment epithelium, narrowed retinal vessels, and optic disc atrophy especially in late phases. [2] The early signs of DUSN are often mistaken for entities that cause focal chorioretinitis, including toxoplasmosis, histoplasmosis, sarcoidosis, white dot syndromes, nonspecific optic neuritis, and papillitis. The late stage of DUSN is often ...

A 37-year-old man, diagnosed previously as a 'chorioretinal scar' in the macula, came for follow-up examination at our retina clinic. He had no ocular symptoms. Systemic history was normal. Eye examination revealed vision of 20/20 in both eyes. Anterior segment examination was normal in both eyes. Dilated fundus examination revealed pink and healthy optic nerves with normal physiologic cupping in each eye. Right eye macular examination revealed a classical, torpedo-shaped, hypopigmented chorioretinal lesion. Left eye macula was unremarkable. Peripheral retina was normal in both eyes. Multimodal imaging of the torpedo lesion was done with fundus autofluoroscence, fundus fluorescein angiography ...

Conjunctival chemosis is due to the presence of excess fluid in the conjunctival interstitium. It is caused by several conditions, including inflammation, allergy, infection, neoplasia, trauma, exposure, obstruction of lymphatic and venous outflow etc. This patient presented with unilateral diffuse non-resolving chemosis since one year. He had undergone extensive systemic investigations and imaging which were all negative and could not ascertain the cause of chemosis. An anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) confirmed the diagnosis as diffuse conjunctival lymphangiectasia. AS-OCT showed dilated lymphatic vessels as empty thin walled dark spaces of varying caliber in the sub-conjunctival space. Conjunctiva is elevated ...

An 80-year-old female presented with sudden decreased vision in the right eye (RE) since 6 h. Posterior segment examination of RE showed signs suggestive of nonarteritic central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) with sparing of cilioretinal artery (CLRA) [Figure 1] a and [Figure 1] b. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) done in macular area showed a middle hyper-reflective band (MHB) in the temporal perifoveal area and increased reflectivity of the inner retinal layers suggestive of ischemia. [1] , [2] The nasal perifoveal area showed normal inner retinal structure, without MHB, suggesting sparing of CLRA [Figure 1] c. The presence of ...

Simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET) is an emerging technique for treating unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency. We report the high-resolution, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) features of the first 2 weeks of a patient undergoing SLET for an old acid injury of the right eye, repeatedly from postoperative day 1 through day 14. Three out of 11 explants with the subjacent human amniotic membrane (hAM) and the overlaid bandage contact lens were imaged. The hAM was intact and of the same thickness throughout the study period; the sub-hAM space increased from day 3 to 9 and disappeared by day ...

A 48-year-old female presented with complaints of recent onset diminution of vision of the left eye (OS) for the past 2 months. She was highly myopic and was using glasses for the past 30 years. Ocular examination revealed presence of a myopic fundus with high axial lengths in both the eyes. Fundus examination of the OS revealed a myopic tessellated fundus with prominent choroidal vessels and a blunted foveal reflex. There was a small pale whitish lesion just superior to the foveal center. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans (both horizontal and vertical) confirmed presence of dome-shaped maculopathy. There was subretinal ...

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the thickness and depth measurements of the lamina cribrosa (LC) obtained using a swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) device in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) patients and healthy subjects. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional observational study included 16 eyes with IIH and 20 control eyes. The LC measurements with serial horizontal B scans of the optic nerve head were obtained using SS-OCT (Topcon 3D DRI OCT Triton). The anterior lamina surface (ALS) depth, posterior lamina surface (PLS) depth, and LC thickness measurements were evaluated. Results: In patients with IIH, the mean ALS depth ...

Purpose: Diagnosis of choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) is difficult in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CCSC) due to overlapping features of both on conventional dye angiography. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) allows a quick and noninvasive detection of CNVM in these eyes. We compared the fluorescein angiography (FA) features of CNVM with those of OCTA to assess the role of FA in detecting CNVM in CCSC eyes. Methods: Patients with CCSC undergoing FA, spectral domain (SD)-OCT, and OCTA were identified (March 2015–June 2015). Four retina specialists individually reviewed FA images (without OCTA and SD-OCT) to determine whether CNVM was ...

A 65-year-old white woman was referred to us to rule out a nematode infestation in the right eye. She was asymptomatic, and best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. On examination, there were no signs of active inflammation in either eye, and intraocular pressure was 15 mmHg in both eyes. Past medical history was unremarkable and the patient denied recent travel to endemic areas. Fundus examination revealed a deep serpentine shaped subretinal track at the posterior pole of the right eye. Multimodal retinal imaging, including fundus autofluorescence, enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT), fluorescein angiography (FA), and indocyanine ...

Retained intraocular graphite foreign bodies are uncommon and generally remain inert in the eye. A 16-year-old girl complained of a black spot on her right eye since 3 months following pencil tip trauma. Examination revealed a subconjunctival greyish-black nodular mass with a metallic sheen on the 5 O' clock limbus with involvement of the adjacent corneal stroma and endothelium [Figure 1] a. Optical coherence tomography revealed subconjunctival [ [Figure 1] b arrow], corneal stromal, and endothelial [ [Figure 1] b arrowhead] hyporeflective material with intense backshadowing. This visual impression will help differentiate pigmented conjunctivo--corneal lesion from other reported mimickers such as melanoma ...

Montage techniques using SD-OCT have been tried in idiopathic macular holes, [1] normal subjects, diabetic retinopathy and Vogt-Koynagi-Harada disease. [2] We present a wide-field montage image from macula to the fundus periphery in a case of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) by using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) [Figure 1] a. While the SD-OCT features in the macula for PCV are well defined [Figure 1] b and [Figure 1] c, there is a paucity of data concerning the peripheral SD-OCT changes. Merging the SD-OCT the scan length obtained was 26 mm. This enables us to visualize the pathology in relation ...

LETTER TO THE EDITOR