Background and study aims  First-generation optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been shown to increase diagnostic sensitivity for malignant biliary and pancreatic-duct strictures. A newer OCT imaging system, NVision Volumetric Laser Endomicroscopy (VLE), allows for in vivo cross-sectional imaging of the ductal wall at the microstructure level during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate characteristics on OCT that are predictive of benign and malignant strictures. Patients and methods  Consecutive patients from six centers who underwent OCT between September 2016 and September 2017 were included in a dedicated registry. OCT images were analyzed, and ...

Intracoronary in-stent restenosis (ISR) is more common with bare metal stents. With the introduction of drug-eluting stents (DESs), the incidence of ISR has markedly decreased. Here, we report a case of unusual very early stent restenosis in a patient who presented with unstable angina 15 days after percutaneous coronary intervention with sirolimus-eluting DES. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was done to know the pathophysiology of the very early stent stenosis and the possibilities of the rare findings of this OCT are discussed.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) grew out of a convergence of rapid advancements in femtoseconds optics research and fiber optic commercial technology. The basic concept of OCT is to “see” into tissues using light echoes, analogous to the sound echoes of ultrasonography. Multiple A-scans are assembled into a B-scan two-dimensional image of the tissue of interest. Retina is an ideal tissue for evaluation by OCT, since the eye is designed to minimize light scattering through the anterior chamber and vitreous. OCT has had a significant impact on the field of multiple sclerosis, where it has allowed direct imaging of the myelin-free ...

Background and study aims Endoscopic imaging of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) with advanced technologies, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and volumetric laser endomicroscopy (VLE), allows targeted biopsies and may reduce the number of random biopsies to detect esophageal neoplasia in the early stages during endoscopic BE surveillance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of OCT and VLE in diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and high-grade dysplasia (HGD), and intramucosal carcinoma (IMC) in BE. Patients and methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the primary outcome measure was diagnostic accuracy of OCT and VLE, in comparison ...

Introduction: The endoscopic optical coherence tomography (eOCT) allows the direct, contactless representation and evaluation of the morphology and oscillation behaviour of the tympanic membrane and adjoining tympanic cavity content. After further development of the measuring technology, the eOCT will be able to be used in vivo for the assessment of tympanoplasty results. Materials and Methods: The eOCT was applied to 10 patients after a tympanoplasty with an intact ossicular chain and to 10 patients after a Type III tympanoplasty. The measurement data of the morphology – especially the thickness – and oscillation behaviour of the tympanic membrane and the prosthesis coupling to ...

Introduction: Endoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography (eOCT) enables both high-resolution contact-free 3D-imaging of the tympanic membrane and spatial and frequency-resolved oscillation measurement via Doppler-OCT. Thus it is possible to detect causes of conduction hearing loss. In case of otosclerosis, changes in oscillation amplitude at the umbo had been showed via Laser-Doppler-Vibrometry. Material and Methods: The eOCT system utilizes a swept source laser with a wave length around 1300nm. Field-of-view and working distance are 10 mm. Sound stimulus was a Chirp in the frequency range between 0.5 and 5 kHz at 95 dB. Morphological and functional measurements were done on 12 ...

An expandable polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-covered stent graft is beneficial for the treatment of coronary perforations. However, several reports have shown that restenosis and thrombotic occlusion occasionally occur in the stented segment after PTFE-covered stent implantation. A restenosis case after treatment with PTFE-covered stent against saphenous vein graft (SVG) perforation has never been evaluated with optical coherence tomography (OCT) or coronary angioscopy (CAS). This case report presents a 75-year-old man treated with a PTFE-covered stent after he suffered from SVG perforation 6 months ago. He was found to have a focal restenosis of the distal edge of the PTFE-covered stent and ...

Purpose To compare 4 optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) devices for foveal avascular zone (FAZ) measurements in healthy subjects. Methods The central retinas of 24 eyes of 12 healthy subjects were scanned with 4 different OCT-A devices (Optovue RTVue-XR, Zeiss Cirrus 5000-HD-OCT, a prototype Spectralis OCT2, Heidelberg Engineering, and Topcon DRI-OCT Triton Swept-source OCT). For the Topcon, Zeiss, and Optovue devices, 3-mm and 6-mm scans were performed. The Heidelberg device only provided 4-mm scans. En-face OCT-A images of the superficial and deep capillary plexus of the macular area were generated. The FAZ areas were measured and compared. Results Twenty-four healthy eyes ...

Aims: Full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique, based on interferometry, allowing dynamic acquisition of images of ex vivo specimens on a microscopic scale. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of imaging normal digestive biopsies using FF-OCT. Methods: We enrolled adult subjects scheduled for an endoscopy with biopsies, who had no history of digestive disease. We a posteriori excluded patients, whose biopsies showed abnormal aspects at pathological examination. Four biopsies were sampled in each patient, 2 for pathological examination, 2 for immediate FF-OCT analysis, from 5 different locations: esophagus, gastric antrum, gastric fundus ...

Introduction: During bypass surgery, saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) remain a widely used conduit. From earlier studies, we know that graft harvesting can lead to endothelial lesions which result in graft failure or poor quality of anastomosis. There is no intraoperative endothelial quality control durable, which enables the assessment of the inner layer of the vein, the inner diameter, and morphologic disorders endoluminal including venous valves. We need a fast, dynamic and direct control for conduit and anastomosis intraoperative. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) with its very high resolution in time and space offers a new possibility to evaluate luminal features and ...

Retinal changes and visual symptoms are present in several inflammatory, degenerative and tumorous disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a method that can be used in clinical practice to detect and quantify the structural correlates of these visual symptoms in neurological disorders. OCT is a non-invasive imaging technique, based on interferometry, which can create high-resolution images of the retina and measure the thickness and volume of the different retinal layers. The combined ganglion cell- and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) are of particular interest in the field ...

Introduction: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) allows non-invasive high-resolution imaging of tissues. With a penetration depth of a few millimeters it's possible to image the tympanic membrane and the close-by part of the tympanum, e.g. for diagnostics of otitis media and middle ear effusion. In the field of in vivo examination there are difficulties in access to the human tympanic membrane due to the narrow and curved external ear canal. We report a compact endoscopic OCT system for use in clinical research. Methods: We use a 3,5 mm endoscopic GRIN lens for video endoscopy and OCT. OCT is ...

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of vision loss globally with a severe burden on all societies due to its high treatment and rehabilitation costs. The early diagnosis of DR may provide preventive steps (including retinal laser therapy and tight carbohydrate, blood pressure, and cholesterol control) that could in turn help to avoid progression of the pathology with the resultant vision loss. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables the in vivo structural imaging of the retina, providing both qualitative (structure) and quantitative (thickness) information. In the past decades, extensive OCT research has been done in the field of ...

Background The skull base is the most common site of the craniofacial skeleton to be affected by fibrous dysplasia (FD). A significant proportion of such FD patients present with compression of the optic nerve, which can cause visual impairment, but most patients initially do not experience vision loss. Controversy exists regarding whether to proceed with a prophylactic surgical decompression of the optic nerve or to elect for “watchful waiting.” Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a physiologic imaging modality widely used to assess the condition of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), has been useful in the monitoring of other compressive lesions ...

Ocular Coherence Tomography (OCT), aka Optical Coherence Tomography, is a non-invasive imaging test that uses light waves to capture micrometer-resolution, three-dimensional images from within the retina. OCT is based on low-coherence interferometry, typically employing near-infrared light. OCT provides near-microscopic resolution and has been employed as a clinical tool in the measurement of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer thickness. In our institution, in the management of thousands of patients, in conjunction with clinical neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation, we have found OCT provides additional useful information, leading to better management decisions, and useful diagnostic and ...

Methods and study aims: The incidence of esophageal cancer is rising despite increased surveillance efforts. Volumetric laser endomicroscopy (VLE) is a new endoscopic imaging tool that can allow for targeted biopsy of neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus. We report a series of 6 patients with long-segment Barrett’s esophagus ( > 3 cm), who underwent a session of endoscopy with volumetric laser endomicroscopy, after a separate prior session of standard high-definition endoscopy with narrow band imaging (NBI) and random biopsies that did not reveal neoplasia. In all six patients, the first endoscopy was the index endoscopy diagnosing the Barrett’s esophagus. All ...

Background. Microemboli of fat or other material into the terminal macular retinal circulation can be difficult to diagnose. We report 2 cases that showed subtle signs where SLO fundus imaging was most sensitive to precisely outline the limits of the inner retina infarction. Patients and Methods. Multimodal imaging analysis was performed including fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, Optical Coherence Tomography and SLO fundus imaging of 2 cases with suspected infarction of the inner retina. Cases. A 30-year-old man reported a grey central spot OD a few days after being squeezed between two cars with a sacrum fracture. Vision ...

In 1933 and 1950, Kyrieleis first described the presence of segmental white lesions in the walls of retinal arterioles in a case of ocular tuberculosis [ 1 ], [ 2 ]. These lesions are rarely seen and their pathophysiology remains debated although a relationship with infectious and inflammatory conditions has been proposed [ 3 ]. We report a patient who presented these lesions not only around retinal vessels very much alike those described in the original article but also involving the macular area and retinal veins. Since the patient suffered from dense vitreous haze as a result of an ocular toxoplasmosis relapse, this finding was revealed ...

Retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) has recently become a vital tool for clinicians and researchers in ophthalmology and, increasingly, in neurology. Optical coherence tomography is quickly and easily performed, well-tolerated by patients, and allows high-resolution viewing of unmyelinated axons and other retinal structures in vivo. These factors have led OCT to find favor as a method of quantifying neuroaxonal loss in multiple sclerosis (MS), and the increasing acceptance of the anterior visual pathway as a model to investigate MS in humans. In this short review, the authors discuss OCT findings in MS research, and the relationships of these structural findings ...

Objectives: Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is the most important risk factor for long term graft survival after pediatric heart transplantation. 10 years after pediatric heart transplantation 35 percent suffer from CAV according to the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). The graft survival is merely 50 percent five years after the first detection of cardiac allograft vasculopathy using conventional catheter techniques. Therefore, a method for early detection of CAV is mandatory in order to alter or at best stop the course of the disease. The optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables high-resolution intracoronary visualization of intimal hyperplasia, plaque formation ...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a relatively new technology that is now routinely and very widely used by ophthalmologists for structural documentation of the optic nerve and retina. In neuro-ophthalmology and neurology, the value of OCT is ever expanding; its role in an increasing number of conditions is being reported in parallel with the advances of the technology. Currently, as a clinical tool, OCT is particularly useful for the structural measurement of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, optic nerve head volumetric analysis, and macular anatomy. Optic neuropathies of varied etiology (particularly from multiple sclerosis) may be the most common ...

For decades, thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer in optic neuropathy could only be observed ophthalmoscopically or using red-free fundus photography. These days are over. Subsequently, different techniques to image the optic nerve and the retina have been developed. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has gained the most attention and has opened a new area of revolutionary diagnostic possibilities. OCT is a noncontact diagnostic imaging technique that provides detailed, cross-sectional images of the retina and the optic disc in vivo. It was first used in 1991 to visualize the eye.[ 1 ] Image capture is noninvasive, painless, and fast. The technology ...

For nearly two centuries, the ophthalmoscope has permitted examination of the retina and optic nerve—the only axons directly visualized by the physician. The retinal ganglion cells project their axons, which travel along the innermost retina to form the optic nerve, marking the beginning of the anterior visual pathway. Both the structure and function of the visual pathway are essential components of the neurologic examination as it can be involved in numerous acquired, congenital and genetic central nervous system conditions. The development of optical coherence tomography now permits the pediatric neuroscientist to visualize and quantify the optic nerve and retinal ...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive, contact-less imaging method which provides an “in vivo” representation of the retina. It allows the quantitative measurement of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) and macula thickness (MT) and, in addition, is suitable to measure volumes (e. g., macula volume/MV). In the research of neurodegenerative diseases, OCT has been increasingly used and has shown its potential as a possible diagnostic tool over the course of the last few years. In recent years, the hypothesis that mental disorders like schizophrenia or unipolar depressive disorder have a degenerative component was established through a variety ...