Purpose: To investigate the morphologic features and identify the risk factors of myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Methods: Eighty-eight eyes of 69 consecutive patients with myopic CNV were included in this study. About 109 eyes of 78 pathologic myopia patients without myopic CNV were randomly selected as the control group. Morphologic features and parameters including scleral thickness (ST), choroidal thickness (CT), posterior staphyloma height and the presence of scleral perforating vessels were obtained and measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for myopic CNV. Results: Patients with myopic CNV had ...

Objective: Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with poor outcome. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut metabolite, is linked to cardiovascular diseases but its relationship with LVSD after STEMI remains unclear. The present study therefore aimed to investigate the relationship between TMAO and LVSD at 30 days after a first anterior STEMI. Methods: This was a sub-study from the OCTAMI (Optical Coherence Tomography Examination in Acute Myocardial Infarction) registry. Eligible patients were included in current study if they: (1) presented with a first anterior STEMI; (2) had available baseline TMAO concentration; (3) completed a ...

Vascular changes are increasingly recognized as important factors in the pathophysiology of neuroinflammatory disease, especially in multiple sclerosis (MS). The relatively novel technology of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images the retinal and choroidal vasculature non-invasively and in a depth-resolved manner. OCTA provides an alternative quantitative measure of retinal damage, by measuring vascular density instead of structural atrophy. Preliminary results suggest OCTA is sensitive to retinal damage in early disease stages, while also having less of a "floor-effect" compared with commonly used OCT metrics, meaning it can pick up further damage in a severely atrophied retina in later stages of ...

Despite exciting advances in structural intravascular imaging [intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT)] that have enabled partial assessment of atheroma burden and high-risk features associated with acute coronary syndromes, structural-based imaging modalities alone do not comprehensively phenotype the complex pathobiology of atherosclerosis. Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) is an emerging molecular intravascular imaging modality that allows for in vivo visualization of pathobiological and cellular processes at atheroma plaque level, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and abnormal endothelial permeability. Established intravascular NIRF imaging targets include macrophages, cathepsin protease activity, oxidized low-density lipoprotein and abnormal endothelial permeability. Structural and molecular intravascular imaging provide ...

Purpose: The use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retina to detect inner retinal degeneration is being investigated as a potential biomarker for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and an overwhelming body of evidence indicates that discovery of disease-modifying treatments for AD should be aimed at the pre-dementia clinical stage of AD, i.e., MCI. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on retinal OCT in MCI. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the English literature in three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Latindex) for studies that measured retinal thickness using OCT in ...

Cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) is one of the leading global causes of death and severe disability. To date, retinal microangiopathy has become a reflection of cerebral microangiopathy, mirroring the vascular pathological modifications in vivo . To evaluate the retinal structure and microvasculature in patients with CeVD, we conducted a cross-sectional study in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center and Department of Neurology of Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). CeVD patients ( n = 121; 238 eyes) and healthy controls ( n = 44; 57 eyes) were included in the analysis. The CeVD group showed significant thinning of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber ...

Background: Optic neuritis (ON) is a cardinal manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS), aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG-, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-IgG-associated disease. However, the prevalence of AQP4-IgG seropositivity and MOG-IgG seropositivity in isolated ON is unclear, and studies comparing visual outcomes and optical coherence tomography (OCT)-derived structural retinal measures between MS-ON, AQP4-ON, and MOG-ON eyes are limited by small sample sizes. Objectives: (1) To assess the prevalence of AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG seropositivity among patients presenting with isolated ON; (2) to compare visual outcomes and OCT measures between AQP4-ON, MOG-ON, and MS-ON eyes. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis ...

A thinning of intraretinal layers has been previously described in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients compared to healthy controls (HCs). Few studies evaluated the possible correlation between retinal thickness and retinal microvascularization. Thus, here we assessed the thickness of retinal layers and microvascular pattern in early PD patients and HCs, using, respectively, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and SD-OCT-angiography (SD-OCT-A), and more interestingly, we evaluated a possible correlation between retinal thickness and microvascular pattern. Patients fulfilling criteria for clinically established/clinically probable PD and HCs were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were any ocular, retinal, and systemic disease impairing the visual system ...

Background: Plaque rupture is an important etiology for symptomatic carotid stenosis. The role of calcification in the plaque vulnerability has been controversial. We aimed to detect the geometric features of calcifications in carotid plaque and to examine its association with plaque rupture. Methods: Optical coherence tomography assessment of carotid plaque was performed in 88 patients. Calcification shape was evaluated through quantitative measurements of the long and short axis, area size, circumference, calcification arc, and longitudinal length. Calcification location was analyzed through the distance to the lumen. Furthermore, we developed idealized fluid-structure interaction models to investigate the association of calcification shape ...

Objective: To investigate the application of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), ischemic stroke and dementia. Methods: We conducted a systematic search in MEDLINE (from inception) and EMBASE (from 1980) to end 2019 for human studies that measured retinal parameters in cerebral SVD, ischemic stroke, and dementia using OCTA. Results: Fourteen articles ( n = 989) provided relevant data. Ten studies included patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment ( n = 679), two investigated pre-symptomatic AD participants ( n = 154), and two investigated monogenic SVD patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy ( n ...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) visualize the coronary artery wall and plaque morphology in great detail. The advent of these high-resolution intracoronary imaging modalities has propelled our understanding of coronary atherosclerosis and provided enhanced guidance for percutaneous coronary intervention. Yet, the lack of contrast between distinct tissue types and plaque compositions impedes further elucidation of the complex mechanisms that contribute to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and hinders the prospective identification of plaques susceptible to rupture. Intravascular polarimetry with polarization-sensitive OFDI measures polarization properties of the coronary arterial wall using conventional intravascular imaging catheters. The quantitative ...

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) have been developed and improved as both diagnostic and guidance tools for interventional procedures over the past three decades. IVUS has a resolution of 100 μm with a high tissue penetration and capability of assessing the entire structure of a coronary artery including the external elastic membrane, whereas OCT has a higher resolution of 10–20 μm to assess endoluminal structures with a limited tissue penetration compared to IVUS. Recently, two companies, CONAVI and TERUMO, integrated IVUS and OCT into a single catheter system. With their inherent strength and limitations, the combined ...

There is a need to develop a validated algorithm for plaque characterization which can help to facilitate the standardization of optical coherence tomography (OCT) image interpretation of plaque morphology, and improve the efficiency and accuracy in the application of OCT imaging for the quantitative assessment of plaque vulnerability. In this study, a machine learning algorithm was implemented for characterization of atherosclerotic plaque components by intravascular OCT using ex vivo carotid plaque tissue samples. A total of 31 patients underwent carotid endarterectomy and the ex vivo carotid plaques were imaged with OCT. Optical parameter, texture features and relative position of pixels ...

Neuroimaging plays an essential role in the diagnostic workup of idiopathic intracranial hypertension with the aims to exclude secondary causes of elevated intracranial pressure and to identify imaging signs that are commonly observed in this disorder. As a valuable expansion of brain imaging, the imaging of the retina using optical coherence tomography has been of increasing value. In particular, this is the case with the latest devices that allow a more accurate distinction between a reduction in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness due to an improvement of papilledema or due to a worsening caused by optic nerve atrophy. Although optical ...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a well-established bedside imaging modality that allows analysis of skin structures in a non-invasive way. Automated OCT analysis of skin layers is of great relevance to study dermatological diseases. In this paper, an approach to detect the epidermal layer along with the follicular structures in healthy human OCT images is presented. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the approach presented in this paper is the only epidermis detection algorithm that segments the pilosebaceous unit, which is of importance in the progression of several skin disorders such as folliculitis, acne, lupus erythematosus, and basal cell ...

A combination optical coherence tomography and near-infrared spectroscopy (OCT-NIRS) coronary imaging system is being developed to improve the care of coronary patients. While stenting has improved, complications continue to occur at the stented site and new events are caused by unrecognized vulnerable plaques. An OCT-NIRS device has potential to improve secondary prevention by optimizing stenting and by identifying vulnerable patients and vulnerable plaques. OCT is already in widespread use world-wide to optimize coronary artery stenting. It provides automated lumen detection and can identify features of coronary plaques not accurately identified by angiography or intravascular ultrasound. The ILUMIEN IV study, to ...

With the recognition of dermoscopy as a new medical technology and its available fee assessment in Korea comes an increased interest in imaging-based dermatological diagnosis. For the dermatologist, who treats benign tumors and malignant skin cancers, imaging-based evaluations can assist with determining the surgical method and future follow-up plans. The identification of the tumor’s location and the existence of blood vessels can guide safe treatment and enable the use of minimal incisions. The recent development of high-resolution microscopy based on laser reflection has enabled observation of the skin at the cellular level. Despite the limitation of a shallow imaging ...

Introduction: In-vivo objective documentation of pathological changes in neurodegenerative disease is a major aim to possibly improve our ability to monitor disease progression and response to treatment. Temporal thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness shown by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) has been reported in association to the complex forms in hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). We performed an assessment of the RNFL thickness in a group of HSP patients, including a longitudinal follow-up in a subgroup. Our aim was to measure and compare the changes and correlate them to clinical progression. Materials & Methods: Twenty-three HSP patients ...

Neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases regularly cause optic nerve and retinal damage. Evaluating retinal changes using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in diseases like multiple sclerosis has thus become increasingly relevant. However, intraretinal segmentation, a necessary step for interpreting retinal changes in the context of these diseases, is not standardized and often requires manual correction. Here we present a semi-automatic intraretinal layer segmentation pipeline and establish normative values for retinal layer thicknesses at the macula, including dependencies on age, sex, and refractive error. Spectral domain OCT macular 3D volume scans were obtained from healthy participants using a Heidelberg Engineering Spectralis OCT. A ...

Sympathetic nervous system dysregulation and vascular impairment in neuronal tissue beds are hallmarks of prominent cardiorespiratory diseases. However, an accurate and convenient method of assessing SNA and local vascular regulation is lacking, hindering routine clinical and research assessments. To address this, we investigated whether spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), that allows investigation of retina and choroid vascular responsiveness, reflects sympathetic activity in order to develop a quick, easy and non-invasive sympathetic index. Here, we compare choroid and retina vascular perfusion density (VPD) acquired with OCT and heart rate variability (HRV) to microneurography. We recruited 6 healthy males (26±3y ...

Purpose: Papilledema and peripapillary deformation of Bruch’s membrane(BM) are associated with elevated intracranial pressure(ICP). We have developed a novel methodology to measure these parameters using a radial optical coherence tomography(OCT) scan pattern and apply this to test the hypothesis that ICP is associated with volumetric features of ophthalmic structures. Methods: 6-radial OCT B-scans centered over the optic nerve head were acquired in 17 subjects(30 eyes) before lumbar puncture with measurement of ICP(range:10-55 cm H2O). Internal limiting membrane(ILM) and BM were segmented. Three definitions of BM were studied to account for imaging artifact ...

Background Symptomatic carotid artery disease (CAD) may cause modified blood supply to the retina possibly leading to retinal structure changes. Results of previous studies in asymptomatic CAD were heterogeneous in retinal layer changes measured by OCT. The objectives of this prospective, non-interventional study were to investigate if structural retinal changes occur in symptomatic CAD patients with macroangiopathic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods We used spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to cross-sectionally and longitudinally analyze the retinal morphology of CAD patients with macroangiopathic ischemic stroke or TIA not permanently affecting the visual pathway. We employed semi-automated segmentation of ...

Introduction: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a novel diagnostic tool with increasing applications in Ophthalmology clinics that provides non-invasive high-resolution imaging of the retinal microvasculature. Our aim is to report in detail an experimental protocol for analysing both vasodilatory and vasoconstriction retinal vascular responses with the available OCT-A technology. Methods: A commercial OCT-A device was used (AngioVue®, Optovue, CA, USA) and all examinations were performed by an experienced technician using the standard protocol for macular examination. Two standardized tests were applied: i) the hypoxia challenge test (HCT) ii) the handgrip test, in order to induce a vasodilatory and vasoconstriction ...

This paper considers valuable visual assessment criteria for distinguishing between tumorous and non-tumorous tissues, intraoperatively, using cross-polarization OCT (CP OCT) – OCT with a functional extension, that enables detection of the polarization properties of the tissues in addition to their conventional light scattering. Materials and methods. The study was performed on 176 ex vivo human specimens obtained from 30 glioma patients. To measure the degree to which the typical parameters of CP OCT images can be matched to the actual histology, 100 images of tumors and white matter were selected for visual analysis to be undertaken by three “single-blinded” investigators. An ...