Purpose: To analyze findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT) suggestive of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in lesions of punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC). Methods: In this multi-center retrospective study, clinical data of patients with PIC were retrospectively analyzed. Quantitative data (height, width, and volume of PIC lesions), and qualitative data (disruption of ellipsoid zone (EZ)/Bruch's membrane (BM), outer retinal fuzziness, and choroidal back-shadowing) were compared between CNV+ and CNV- groups using Mann-Whitney U -test and Fischer's exact test. Results: In total, 35 eyes (29 patients; 21 women; mean age: 33.3 ± 6.5 years) were selected for analysis. Of ...

Aims: To investigate the lens biometric parameters in congenital lens deformities, using a novel technique of swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SS-ASOCT). Methods: This prospective study included patients with microspherophakia (MSP), coloboma lentis (CL), and posterior lenticonus (PL). For this cohort, 360-degree high-resolution lens images were obtained using the latest SS-ASOCT (CASIA2, Tomey Corp, Nagoya, Japan). The lens biometric parameters were calculated by the CASIA2 built-in software for anterior lens radius (ALR), posterior lens radius (PLR), anteroposterior distance (APD), anterior chamber depth (ACD), equatorial diameter (Eq Dia), rear projection length (RPL), and maximum diameter of the lesion (MDL). Results ...

Background: Retinal microvasculature has been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), but the exact contributory role in coronary total occlusion (CTO) is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether retinal vasculature is associated with CTO and could provide incremental value in the assessment of CTO. Methods: A total of 218 CAD patients including 102 CTO and 116 non-CTO were enrolled. Retinal vasculature was measured by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for all patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the performance of retinal vasculature in differentiating CTO from non-CTO patients. Results: In non-CTO CAD patients, vessel density (VD ...

Purpose: To investigate the error rate of segmentation in the automatic measurement of anterior chamber volume (ACV) and iris volume (IV) by swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SS-ASOCT) in narrow-angle and wide-angle eyes. Methods: In this study, fifty eyes from 25 narrow-angle subjects and fifty eyes from 25 wide-angle subjects were enrolled. SS-ASOCT examinations were performed and each SS-ASOCT scan was reviewed, and segmentation errors in the automatic measurement of ACV and IV were classified and manually corrected. Error rates were compared between the narrow-angle and the wide-angle groups, and ACV and IV before and after manual correction were ...

Purpose: To present a methodology for quantification of the canine retinal vasculature imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and validate this approach by comparison with fluorescein angiography (FA) and confocal imaging of retinal wholemounts labelled by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Methods: Six normal adult dogs underwent retinal OCTA imaging in both eyes. The images extracted from the different microvascular plexuses at eight retinal locations spanning the central and mid-peripheral fundus were analyzed using the AngioTool software. FA was performed in one eye and was compared to the OCTA images. Six eyes from three dogs were processed by IHC to examine the ...

Background: Optical coherence tomography is a powerful modality to assess atherosclerotic lesions, but detecting lesions in high-resolution OCT is challenging and requires expert knowledge. Deep-learning algorithms can be used to automatically identify atherosclerotic lesions, facilitating identification of patients at risk. We trained a deep-learning algorithm (DeepAD) with co-registered, annotated histopathology to predict atherosclerotic lesions in optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: Two datasets were used for training DeepAD: (i) a histopathology data set from 7 autopsy cases with 62 OCT frames and co-registered histopathology for high quality manual annotation and (ii) a clinical data set from 51 patients with 222 OCT ...

Introduction: Symptomatic carotid disease conveys a high risk of recurrent stroke. Plaque morphology and specific plaque characteristics are associated with the risk of stroke. This study aimed to evaluate the detailed plaque features by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and develop a simple scale combining clinical indicators, digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and OCT imaging markers to identify symptomatic carotid plaque. Methods: Carotid plaques from consecutive patients who underwent carotid OCT imaging between June 2017 and June 2021 were evaluated. Clinical characteristics, DSA, and OCT data were compared between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. Logistic regression was performed to identify the factors ...

The choroid is the main source of blood and nourishment supply to the eye. The dysfunction of the choroid has been implicated in various retinal and choroidal diseases. The identification and in-depth understanding of pachychoroid spectrum disorders are based on the tremendous progress of optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology in recent years, although visibility of choroid is challenging in the era of the time or spectral domain OCT. The recent rapid revolution of OCTs, such as the enhanced depth imaging OCT and the swept-source OCT, has greatly contributed to the significant improvement in the analysis of the morphology and physiology ...

In phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency, an easily feasible method to access the progression of neurodegeneration is warranted to contribute to current discussions on treatment indications and targets. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures as markers of neurodegeneration differ between patients with PAH deficiency and healthy controls (HCs) according to phenotype and metabolic control. In this single-center cross-sectional study, 92 patients with different phenotypes of PAH deficiency [PAH deficiency not requiring treatment, early treated phenylketonuria (ETPKU), and late-diagnosed phenylketonuria (PKU)] compared with 76 HCs were examined using spectral-domain OCT. Indices of phenylalanine ...

Diabetic retinopathy, the most serious ocular complication of diabetes, imposes a serious economic burden on society. Automatic and objective assessment of vessel changes can effectively manage diabetic retinopathy and prevent blindness. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) metrics have been confirmed to be used to assess vessel changes. The accuracy and reliability of OCTA metrics are restricted by vessel segmentation methods. In this study, a multi-branch retinal vessel segmentation method is proposed, which is comparable to the segmentation results obtained from the manual segmentation, effectively extracting vessels in low contrast areas and improving the integrity of the extracted vessels. OCTA metrics ...

Purpose: To provide clinical evidence of the associations between retinal neuronal degeneration and microvasculopathy in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: This case-control study included 76 patients (76 eyes) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and refraction error between -3.0 and +3.0 D. The eyes were assigned into DM (without DR), non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR) groups. Age-, sex-, and refractive error-matched normal subjects were enrolled as controls. The mean retinal thickness (mRT), the relative mean thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (rmtRNFL, mtRNFL/mRT), ganglion cell layer (rmtGCL), ganglion cell complex (rmtGCC) layer, foveal avascular zone ...

Purpose: To evaluate the conjunctival and fundus retinal vessel density in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and to investigate the relationship between vessel density and clinical indicators. Methods: Twelve patients with SLE (24 eyes) and 12 healthy controls (24 eyes) were recruited. OCTA was used to examine the superficial retina layer (SRL) and deep retina layer (DRL) in the macular retina and conjunctival capillary plexus of each eye. We calculated the density of the temporal conjunctival vessels, fundus microvascular (MIR), macrovascular (MAR) and total MIR(TMI) and compared the results in both groups ...

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of in-vivo imaging of the retina and choroid using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in guinea pigs. Methods: The study included 19 pigmented guinea pigs (age: 3–4 weeks) which underwent sonographic axial length measurements and OCT imaging. At study end, the animals were sacrificed and histomorphometric examinations of the retina and choroid were performed. We assessed the reproducibility of the OCT measurements and compared in-vivo measurements to histomorphometric data. Results: The mean thickness of the retina and choroid near the optic nerve head was 175.6 ± 25.8 and 63.4 ± 16.5 ...

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of keratoplasty on the in vivo anatomical structures in the Schlemm's canal (SC) of nonglaucomatous subjects using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT). Methods: Sixty-six nonglaucomatous eyes that underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PK), deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), or triple surgery were enrolled in this prospective, comparative, observational study. The SC imaging was performed using FD-OCT before and after surgery in both the nasal and temporal quadrants. Patient demographics, SC parameters [e.g., cross-sectional area (CSA), meridional diameter of SC (MSC), sagittal diameter of SC (SSC), and circumference (CCF)], and the correlations between ...

Purpose: To evaluate the precision of individual and combined macula and optic disc volumetric analysis, and the agreement between these two scan modes with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: Macular and optic disc volumetric measurements were performed with individual and combined scan protocols in one eye of 75 healthy subjects. Three repeated measurements were performed with each protocol. From the macular area, retinal thickness in nine different sectors and ganglion cell complex thickness in eight different sectors were analyzed from both scan modes. From the optic disc area, the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness in 12 ...

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is the most relevant evolution based on optical coherence tomography (OCT). OCTA can present ocular vasculature, show detailed morphology for assessment, and quantify vessel parameters without intravenous dye agent. Research on the anterior segment OCTA (AS-OCTA) is only in its initial phase, and its advances in clinical diagnosis and treatment efficacy evaluations require a detailed comparison to traditional imaging methods. In this review of AS-OCTA, we summarize its technical features, imaging advances, current clinical applications in various eye diseases, as well as its limitations and potential future directions. AS-OCTA offers potential advantages in ophthalmic imaging ...

To predict visual acuity (VA) and post-therapeutic optical coherence tomography (OCT) images 1, 3, and 6 months after laser treatment in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) by artificial intelligence (AI). Real-world clinical and imaging data were collected at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center (ZOC) and Xiamen Eye Center (XEC). The data obtained from ZOC (416 eyes of 401 patients) were used as the training set; the data obtained from XEC (64 eyes of 60 patients) were used as the test set. Six different machine learning algorithms and a blending algorithm were used to predict VA, and a pix2pixHD method was adopted ...

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of healed plaque and its characteristics under optical coherence tomography (OCT) through a formal systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Methods and Results: Thirteen studies were selected from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and online databases. The overall incidence of healed plaques was 40% (95% CI: 39-42), with 37% (95% CI: 35-39) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and with 46% (95% CI: 43-49) in patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP). The incidence of healed plaque among culprit plaques (48%, 95% CI: 46-50) was nearly two times higher than that among ...

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between retinal capillary structure and macular function in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and microperimetry. Methods: This retrospective and observational study included 30 idiopathic ERM eyes of 30 consecutive patients. OCTA was performed to evaluate macular microvasculature including the superficial capillary plexus, deep capillary plexus, and foveal avascular zone. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and microperimetry were measured at baseline and 3 months after surgery. Associations between macular microvasculature and visual function were assessed. Results: Visual function including BCVA and macular sensitivity improved significantly at 3 months ...

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of age on the morphologies of the crystalline lens, ciliary muscle (CM), Schlemm's canal (SC), and trabecular meshwork (TM) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods: Images of the crystalline lens and iridocorneal angle were obtained in healthy participants' eyes using SS-OCT. Morphological parameters of the crystalline lens, CM, and TM/SC were measured, and the relationship between these parameters and age was evaluated. Results: A total of 62 healthy participants were enrolled, with an age range of 7-79 years. With adjustments for the effects of axial length and sex, both the nasal and ...

Objective: Multiple studies have compared various optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters in participants with systemic hypertension vs. controls and have presented discordant findings. We conducted a meta-analysis to pool together data from different studies to generate an overall effect size and find out whether OCTA parameter(s) significantly differed in participants with systemic hypertension as compared to controls. Methods: We conducted a literature search through a search of electronic databases to identify studies before 19 June 2021, which compared OCTA parameters in non-diabetic participants with systemic hypertension vs. controls. If the OCTA parameter had a minimum number of 3 ...

Purpose: To compare structural diameters of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) and external limiting membrane (ELM) bands on spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images between vision-improved (group A) and vision-unimproved (group B) patients, and investigate the connection between these parameters and visual prognosis. Materials and Methods: Forty-five eyes of 43 patients with idiopathic full-thickness macular hole closed after vitrectomy were retrospectively reviewed. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and SD-OCT were conducted preoperatively and at 1 week, 1 month and 6 months postoperatively. Structural and functional parameters were then measured using ImageJ software. Results: Among structural and functional parameters, the relative reflectivity of ...

Introduction: Cyclic plaque structural stress has been hypothesized as a mechanism for plaque fatigue and eventually plaque rupture. A novel approach to derive cyclic plaque stress in vivo from optical coherence tomography (OCT) is hereby developed. Materials and Methods: All intermediate lesions from a previous OCT study were enrolled. OCT cross-sections at representative positions within each lesion were selected for plaque stress analysis. Detailed plaque morphology, including plaque composition, lumen and internal elastic lamina contours, were automatically delineated. OCT-derived vessel and plaque morphology were included in a 2-dimensional finite element analysis, loaded with patient-specific intracoronary pressure tracing data, to calculate ...

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the incidence of 1-year major adverse cardiac events (MACE) compared between intravascular imaging guidance and angiographic guidance in patients undergoing rotablator atherectomy (RA)-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. Methods: This retrospective analysis included 265 consecutive patients with heavy calcified lesion who underwent RA-assisted PCI with DES implantation at our institution during the January 2016-December 2018 study period. This study was approved by the Siriraj Institutional Review Board. Patients were divided into either the angiographic guidance PCI group or the imaging guidance PCI group, which was defined as intravascular ultrasound ...