Purpose : To evaluate the value of lamina cribrosa (LC)-related parameters assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the future prediction of glaucomatous progression. Methods : Glaucoma or glaucoma suspect eyes were followed up for more than 2 years. Glaucoma progression was defined by optic disc/retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) photographic assessment or serial visual field exams. LC thickness, anterior LC distance (ALD) and prelaminar tissue thicknesses were determined with optic disc images obtained by Spectralis OCT enhanced depth imaging. Kaplan–Meier life table analyses were carried out, and survival experience was compared between eyes with thicker baseline LC (HLC ...

Purpose : To compare intrascleral bleb characteristics after non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) and Phaco -NPDS after five years of follow-up using Visante anterior segment optical coherence (AS-OCT). Setting : Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Madrid, Spain. Design : Cross-sectional study. Methods : This study examined 47 eyes from 47 patients who had undergone either NPDS (27 eyes) or Phaco -NPDS (20 eyes). Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements, best corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, and Visante scans were performed. Results : The significant reductions of IOP and antiglaucoma medication occurring in both groups were comparable ( p  > 0.05). The mean IOP reduction was 37.26% in ...

Purpose : To evaluate the sclera and episclera in patients with scleritis and episcleritis using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Methods : Cross-sectional prospective case series of 11 consecutive patients with episcleral or scleral inflammatory disease located anterior to the equator. The thickness of the ocular wall (sclera and the episclera) was measured using AS-OCT and compared to the contralateral healthy eye. Results : Eleven patients with a mean age of 49.5 years presented with symptomatic scleritis or episcleritis. The mean thickness of the ocular wall in the affected eye was 982 ± 56 μm compared to 790 ± 23 μm ( p  < 0 ...

Aim : To demonstrate the uses and applications of a microscope integrated intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography in Micro Incision Cataract Surgery (MICS) and Femtosecond Laser Assisted Cataract Surgery (FLACS). Methods : Intraoperative real time imaging using the RESCAN™ 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Oberkochen, Germany) was done for patients undergoing MICS as well as FLACS. The OCT videos were reviewed at each step of the procedure and the findings were noted and analyzed. Results : Microscope Integrated Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography was found to be beneficial during all the critical steps of cataract surgery. We were able to qualitatively assess wound morphology in clear ...

Objective : To evaluate the thickness of the peripapillary retinal fiber layer (RNFL) and macula ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCL+) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with iron deficiency (ID) anemia. Methods : This study included 73 eyes of 39 patients with ID anemia and 68 eyes of 34 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. The measurements included the peripapillary RNFL thicknesses as average, 4 quadrant and 12 clock-hour (CH) based and macula GCL+ thicknesses as average and 6 quadrant based. All measurements were completed with Cirrus HD-OCT and the results were compared between the groups. Results : A total of 73 eyes ...

Objectives: In a prospective study, we explored the extent of neointimal coverage of stent struts by optical coherence tomography 14 days following the implantation of bioactive stents in an unselected cohort. Design: We enrolled 15 consecutive patients who underwent bioactive stent implantation. Optical coherence tomography images were obtained at 14-day follow-up. Morphometric analysis, strut coverage , strut apposition, neointimal hyperplasia and possible thrombosis were evaluated at 1-mm intervals. Binary stent strut coverage was defined as the percentage of covered struts of all analyzed struts. Results: Patients underwent optical coherence tomography examination at an average of 14.5 ± 2.3 days following ...

Purpose : The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on choroidal thickness (CT) in the subfoveal and perifoveal area as measured by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) in patients with SLE. Materials and methods : Fifty-eight patients with SLE (study group) and 58 healthy individuals (control group) were enrolled in the study. The subfoveal and perifoveal CT were measured by EDI-OCT. Results : The mean CT (μm) subfoveal, nasal, and temporal was 231.2 ± 57.6, 190.56 ± 30.64, and 222.65 ± 37.45 in the study group and 297.5 ± 45 ...

Purpose : To assess diagnostic consistency and relation between spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and standard automated perimetry (SAP) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods : This retrospective study comprised 51 eyes of 51 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of POAG. The qualitative and quantitative SD-OCT parameters (retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses [RNFL; average, superior, inferior, nasal and temporal], RNFL symmetry, rim area, disc area, average and vertical cup/disc [C/D] ratio and cup volume) were compared with parameters of SAP (mean deviation, pattern standard deviation, visual field index, and glaucoma hemifield test reports). Results : Fifty-one eyes of 51 ...

Purpose : To detect early structural changes of macular ganglion cell complex (GCC), peripapillary nerve fiber layer (pNFL), and optic nerve head (ONH) topography in subjects with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) using 3-D spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT, Topcon 3D-2000). Materials and Methods : Thirty-five participants with PEX and 29 healthy control subjects were included in the study. All study participants underwent SD-OCT imaging. Macular NFL, ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (GCL + IPL), pNFL, and ONH parameters were measured in each participant. The results were compared within the two groups. Results : In eyes with PEX, the superior and total mNFL thickness ...

Ten patients with craniopharyngioma treated for the first time when younger than 18 were included. This study reviews the visual outcomes and provides information on visual field (VF) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination of craniopharyngioma. The best kappa concordance coefficients between VF and OCT parameters of atrophy were obtained for the ganglion cell (GC) thickness and the mean retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness. The agreement between GC colour maps and VF defects was good. Optic nerve compression may be detected by RNFL measurement and GC analysis, and this may be valuable to predict visual recovery and in uncooperative ...

Purpose : To evaluate the relationship between visual function and (i) microstructural changes in the fovea of the inner segment-outer segment junction (IS/OS) and (ii) external limiting membrane (ELM) in diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods : We conducted a retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study of 40 DME patients (61 eyes), all of whom had been treated at Shanghai First People’s Hospital. Patients were divided into groups based on integrity of the IS/OS or ELM: IS/OS (+, ± and −) and ELM (+, ± and −). We performed best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), MP1 microperimetry and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) on all patients. Several variables, including ...

Purpose : To examine spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) patterns in intraocular lymphoma (IOL). Methods : Records of 13 patients (21 eyes) with IOL were retrospectively reviewed. SD-OCT was evaluated at initial visit and during follow-up. Results : SD-OCT images at initial visit demonstrated disruption of the ellipsoid zone (8 eyes, 38.1%) and hyperreflective nodules at the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) level (5 eyes, 23.8%). During follow-up, disruption of the ellipsoid zone (10 eyes, 47.6%) and hyperreflective nodules at the RPE level (7 eyes, 33.3%) were noted. In 5 eyes showing hyperreflective nodules at the RPE level, the hyperreflective ...

Purpose : We introduce a new method to observe the morphologic features of the vitreous with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) by evaluating and describing the posterior vitreous structure of various selected cases using enhanced high-density (HD) line mode. Methods : This is a descriptive case series of SD-OCT images with enhanced HD line at Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, in 2014. The medical records with ocular images for these patients were analyzed. Results : Enhanced HD line in vitreoretinal mode with SD-OCT offered wide images with well-visible vitreoretinal interface. The posterior precortical vitreous pocket (PPVP), often mistaken ...

The use of ocular imaging tools to estimate structural and functional damage in glaucoma has become a common clinical practice and a substantial focus of vision research. The evolution of the imaging technologies through increased scanning speed, penetration depth, image registration and development of multimodal devices has the potential to detect the pathology more reliably and in earlier stages. This review is focused on new ocular imaging modalities used for glaucoma diagnosis.

Background : The present cross-sectional study has the purpose to investigate the impact of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, optic nerve and macular function in patients using AIs for breast cancer treatment. Methods : Participants in our study were 41 hormone-receptor-positive earlystage breast cancer patients who were treated with AIs in the adjuvant setting. Moreover, 40 age- and gender-matched control subjects, having neither ocular nor systemic disorders, were included in this study. All participants underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) assessment, RNFL thickness and central foveal thickness (CFT) measurement, visual evoked potentials ...

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the vasoreactivity in retina and choroid of the healthy eyes in response to experimentally altered partial arterial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2 ) using a non-invasive technique, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Materials and methods : The study included non-smoking participants between 18 and 35 years of age, having visual acuity of 20/20 and with no systemic and ocular diseases. At baseline, the participants breathed room air (normocapnia). Hypocapnia was created with the help of hyperventilation; for this, the participants were instructed to draw deep and quick breaths, resulting one ...

Purpose : To describe the clinical course of uveitis-associated inflammatory papillitis and evaluate the utility and reproducibility of optic nerve spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods : Data on 22 eyes of 14 patients with uveitis-related papillitis and optic nerve imaging were reviewed. SD-OCT measure reproducibility was determined and parameters were compared in active vs. inactive uveitis. Results : Papillitis resolution lagged behind uveitis resolution in three patients. For SD-OCT measures, the intraclass correlation coefficients were 99.1–100% and 86.9–100% for intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility, respectively. All SD-OCT optic nerve measures except inferior and nasal peripapillary retinal thicknesses were ...

Purpose : Ab interno glaucoma surgery , such as trabecular aspiration or ab interno trabeculotomy, has been introduced as an alternative, non-filtering procedure to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients. The purpose of the present study was to assess the feasibility of intraoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography (iOCT) for improving ab interno glaucoma surgery . Materials and Methods : Intraoperative optical coherence tomography was performed to visualize the anterior chamber angle, the aspiration canula during trabecular aspiration, and the trabectome device during ab interno trabeculotomy. A commercially available 840-nm iOCT was used in a clinical setting, a 1310-nm spectral-domain OCT in an experimental ...

Background : To evaluate the effects of selective α 1A -adrenoceptor antagonist tamsulosin hydrochloride on choroidal thickness using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Methods : This is a prospective observational study including 29 eyes of 29 patients with newly diagnosed benign prostatic hyperplasia. Choroidal thickness and retrobulbar ocular blood flow measurements were performed at baseline and after 3 months of treatment. Results were analyzed by the masked observer. Results : The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness (275.8–291.9 µm) and thicknesses 750 µm nasal (257.9–270.4 µm) and 750 µm temporal (262.4–277.0 µm) to the ...

Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is responsible for the majority of myocardial infarctions, with ruptured plaques exhibiting specific morphological features, including large lipid cores, thinner overlying fibrous caps and micro-calcifications. Contemporary imaging modalities are increasingly able to characterize plaques, potentially leading to the identification of precursor lesions that are at high risk of rupture. Observational studies using invasive imaging consistently find that plaques responsible for an acute coronary event display these high-risk morphological features, and recent prospective imaging studies have now established links between baseline plaque characteristics and future cardiovascular events. Despite these promising advances, subsequent overall event rates remain too low ...

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of idiopathic Optic perineuritis on the retinal nerve fiber layer, and determine the ability of optical coherence tomography to evaluate retinal nerve fiber loss after idiopathic Optic perineuritis. Four patients were assessed in this study. In all cases, average retinal nerve fiber layer was significantly thinner in the affected eye in comparison with the normal reference value and with the value for the contralateral normal eye at 12 months after the onset of optic perineuritis. Our study revealed that retinal nerve fiber layer loss occurs in idiopathic optic nerve sheath ...

Barrett’s esophagus is the only known precursor that predisposes patients to the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. The current recommended surveillance method is targeted biopsies of any abnormalities followed by random four-quadrant biopsies every 2 cm using standard white light endoscopy. Compliance with this and sampling error are two of the biggest problems. Several novel imaging technologies have been developed to aid the diagnosis of early neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus. There are emerging data that some of these new modalities can increase the yield of detecting dysplasia. This review will discuss some of the present available techniques and technologies ...

Background : “ Poppers ” is a slang term for a group of alkyl nitrites that are used as recreational drugs . Their inhalative intoxication leads to muscle relaxation, analgesia, and euphoria. Maculopathy is a rare but serious side-effect. Patients/Methods : Clinical, imaging, and electrophysiological findings of seven patients with maculopathy after consumption of poppers were presented. Results : All seven patients were male with a median age of 35 years (range 28–45 years), the median duration of periodical poppers use until the onset of symptoms was 9.8 years (one day to 25 years). Five of seven patients were HIV-positive, one patient was ...

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