Aim To determine changes in retinal microcirculation, caused by fingolimod (FTY720) use, via swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS) patients. Materials and methods 80 patients with RR-MS, who were using fingolimod, and 50 healthy control subjects were included in the study. Group 1 consisted of 40 eyes from 40 RR-MS patients, who had been using fingolimod for less than six months, and Group 2 consisted of 40 eyes from 40 RR-MS patients, who had been using fingolimod for longer than six months. All participants underwent SS-OCTA via DRI OCT Triton (Topcon, Tokyo, Japan), analysing their ...

Purpose To evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy and/or intravitreal injections on choroidal neovascularization in treatment-naïve patients affected by Best Macular Dystrophy using OCT-A Materials and Methods BMD patients with CNV treated using PDT and/or IV were included in the study. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, OCT and 3 × 3 mm OCT-A. The OCT-A images were analyzed using an open-source software (ImageJ) to assess the CNV membrane area (CNV-MA), the CNV vessel area (CNV-VA), and vessel density (VD) at the follow-ups (3 months after PDT and 1 month after IV). Results Five eyes of four ...

Purpose: To evaluate the characteristics of macular retinal and subfoveal choroidal changes in patients already on taxane-based therapy by the help of spectral domain optical coherence tomograpy (SD-OCT) and determine the incidence of taxane- related cystoid macular edema (CME). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional case-control study, 202 patients who received taxane-based therapy due to treatment of various cancer and age and sex-matched 200 healthy control subjects were examined. Only patients who received at least 4 cycles of taxane-based therapy were taken into consideration for the taxane group. Taxane-based therapy was further divided into two subgroups; paclitaxel group (149 patients ...

Purpose : To compare the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and choroidal thickness (CT) in smokers and healthy non-smoking subjects using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: Forty-two smokers with no systemic disorders and 46 age-sex matched healthy volunteers were included in the study. SD-OCT was used to measure choroidal thickness at the fovea and 1500 µm intervals from the foveal center in both nasal and temporal directions. Choroidal images were binarized and segmented to the luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), and total choroidal area (TCA) using ImageJ software. The choroidal vascularity index was calculated as the ratio of LA to ...

Purpose: To evaluate the characteristics of macular retinal and subfoveal choroidal changes in patients already on taxane-based therapy by the help of spectral domain optical coherence tomograpy (SD-OCT) and determine the incidence of taxane- related cystoid macular edema (CME). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional case-control study, 202 patients who received taxane-based therapy due to treatment of various cancer and age and sex-matched 200 healthy control subjects were examined. Only patients who received at least 4 cycles of taxane-based therapy were taken into consideration for the taxane group. Taxane-based therapy was further divided into two subgroups; paclitaxel group (149 patients ...

The study aims to investigate the longitudinal changes in the circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (cpRNFLT) in progressive and non-progressive non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION). This retrospective observational case series study analysed 17 eyes with NAION. Patients sustaining any additional visual loss (additional decrease in visual acuity (VA) ≥0.2 logMAR) within two months after initial onset of symptoms were classified as having progressive NAION. Of the 17 eyes with NAION, 13 (76.5%) were diagnosed as non-progressive and 4 (23.5%) were diagnosed as progressive. Compared with control eyes, eyes with non-progressive NAION showed greater cpRNFLT in ...

This article provides theoretical analysis for a new generation of optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanners to overcome some main limitations of the technology. In the new design, exposure and detection are not limited to plane-waves that enter or reflect back from the sample exclusively orthogonally. Instead, the sample is scanned by more complex radiation patterns such as spherical or partially spherical light waves. Images that are generated based on this data acquisition strategy can reveal some structural features of the sample that usually remain hidden in conventional OCT imaging. Coherence tomography is based on wide-band reflectometry. Therefore, wavelength diversity is ...

Purpose Detection of end-organ damage (EOD) in systemic hypertension is essential for the management of systemic hypertension. We aimed to evaluate subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and retinal layers’ thicknesses by using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‑OCT) in patients with systemic hypertension and to assess the relationship between EOD and SD-OCT parameters. Methods A total of 189 consecutive patients with systemic hypertension and 100 controls were included. Patients were examined to detect EOD including hypertensive retinopathy (HTRP), left ventricular hypertrophy assessed by transthoracic echocardiography and microalbuminuria assessed by 24-h urine analysis. SFCT, inner plexiform-ganglion cell complex (IP-GCC), peripapillary retinal ...

Background Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging test that provides easily obtainable and highly reproducible cross-sectional images of the retina. Improved modalities of the OCT that are capable of providing high quality images of not only the retina, but also the deeper structures and vasculature have been developed, including swept-source OCTs and OCT angiography. Materials and methods Review. Results The use of OCT in the monitoring of retinitis pigmentosa has been well described and numerous signs of disease progression have been studied. Notably among them are the detection of changes to retinal thickness, the ellipsoid zone, the vasculature ...

Purpose To determine the diurnal variations in parafoveal and peripapillary vessel density using optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with exfoliative glaucoma, patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and healthy individuals. Materials and Methods In this prospective cross-sectional study, 36 exfoliative glaucoma patients, 34 primary open-angle glaucoma patients and 35 healthy individuals were examined. Optical coherence tomography angiography was used for examining the vessel density of peripapillary (radial peripapillary capillary) and parafoveal (superficial layer) regions. Optical coherence tomography angiography readings were obtained at 09:00, 11:00, 14:00 and 16:00 on the same day. Intraocular pressure values were assessed ...

Although optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been used in many neuropsychiatric disorders, data on substance use disorders (SUD) are not available. The aim of this study was to evaluate ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and choroidal layer thickness in patients diagnosed with SUD especially cannabis use disorder (CUD). RNFL, GCL, IPL, and the choroidal layers of 111 patients diagnosed with SUD and 45 healthy controls were retrospectively analyzed. Fifty patients were diagnosed with CUD and 50 patients had multiple drug use (MDU). The mean age of the patient and control groups were ...

A 23-year-old male presented with a complaint for central scotoma in his right eye. He had been diagnosed with Behçet Disease 3 years ago. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/20. Anterior chamber and fundus examinations were unremarkable. Optical coherence tomography revealed a paracentral area of outer nuclear layer thinning. Infrared reflectance showed a well-defined, circular, hyporeflective area. Optical coherence tomography angiography revealed an area of capillary dropout in deep retinal capillary plexus corresponding to that hyporeflective lesion. Microperimetry test showed decreased macular sensitivity on the lesion area and the loss of the macular integrity. In multifocal electroretinogram, diminished ...

Purpose: To provide the reader with information on the principal techniques of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA); the current literature on OCTA reproducibility; its applications to glaucoma detection and monitoring of progression; and the role of OCTA in the assessment of the vascular component in glaucoma pathogenesis. Methods: A literature review of the pertinent publications for the OCTA in relation to the development, techniques, and its use in glaucoma was carried out. Results: Rapid improvements in optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology have allowed for enhancement of both image resolution and scanning speed, and the development of vascular assessment modality. OCTA ...

Purpose : To report a case of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), which was not obvious with dye angiography but was detected with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods : A 50-year-old female presented with decreased vision in her right eye. Funduscopic examination revealed a swollen hyperemic disc, peripapillary exudation, and choroidal infiltration. Results : Optical coherence tomography revealed intraretinal cysts, subretinal fluid in the macular region, and subretinal hyperreflective material in the papillomacular area. Fluorescein angiography revealed early hypofluorescence in the areas of choroidal infiltrations, and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) also showed hypocyanescence corresponding to these infiltrations and revealed a faint hypocyanescence in the ...

Purpose : To assess the repeatability of ocular biometric parameters using a high-resolution imaging device. Methods : 74 healthy right eyes were included in this study. 5-repeated measurements were taken the Anterion high-resolution swept-source optical coherence tomographer (SS-OCT) to measure: corneal thickness (central and at 2, 4 and 6-mm diameters), aqueous depth (AD), lens thickness (LT), anterior chamber volume (ACV), axial length (AL), and pupil (diameter and position). The intrasubject standard deviation (S w ), coefficient of repeatability (CoR) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated. Bland-Altman method was applied to analyze the difference between the first and the last measurement. The average ...

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is one of the most common type of eye ailments which generally affects elderly people of age above 60 years and which damages their central vision. Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) is an another form of irreversible vision loss that occurs in diabetic people because of the accumulation of fat in retinal nerves. Therefore it is necessary to screen AMD and DME at an early stage, as it would help in the treatment and prevention of complete blindness. This paper aims to create a system for screening AMD and DME on Optical Coherence Tomography images using Image ...

We sought to determine effect of signal strength on mean retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) using Spectralis optical coherence tomography (S-OCT). Thirty normal subjects (18 female, mean 37.9 years, range 24-61) were imaged with S-OCT using variably dense Bangerter foils to alter Q value (1 unit signal strength = 4 units Q). We found a statistically significant (p < 0.01) linear relationship (R = 0.8643) between Q and RNFL (1 unit decrease Q = 0.181 um mean RNFL increase). Unlike previous observations of Cirrus and Stratus OCT, we found RNFL thickness does not decrease with decreasing signal strength in S-OCT.

Aim : To investigate the effects of severe preeclampsia on the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), macula thickness and ganglion cell density in pregnancy and postpartum, using High Definition Optical Coherence Tomography (HD-OCT). Material and Method : The study group included 28 stable pregnant patients diagnosed with severe preeclampsia and the control group, 28 age and gestational week-matched healthy pregnant women. HD-OCT measurements were taken by the same researcher using a Cirrus HD-OCT device and were repeated at 8 weeks postpartum. Results :The mean systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, and intraocular perfusion pressure (IPP) values measured in pregnacy were determined to be higher ...

Purpose: Investigation of the acute effects of cigarette smoking on the eye using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) on young healthy non-smoking male subjects. Materials and methods: The right eye of 25 healthy non-smoking male subjects were included in this study. Selected parameters of the macular and circumpapillary vasculature were measured, including macular flow indices, foveal avascular zone, vessel densities of macula and optic disc using OCTA. The measurements of the subjects were performed on the first day without smoking at 0 min, 5 min, 30 min and 60 min. Measurements were repeated at the same regime on the second ...

Purpose To evaluate the optic nerve head (ONH), macular vessel density and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness differences between the genders. Material and Methods In this prospective case-control cross-sectional study 111 healthy subjects and 130 primary open angle glaucoma (OAG) patients were examined with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A (RS-3000 Advance (Nidek, Gamagori, Japan)). The vessel density in the peripapillary and macular area as well as the RNFL thickness were evaluated. Results Men appeared to have less RNFL thickness compared with women in early glaucomatous group, being significant at the whole circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness and ...

Introduction : This prospective, multicenter, randomized study was designed to analyze the benefits of ticagrelor over clopidogrel in reducing subclinical stent thrombosis (ST) in patients with coronary artery disease who underwent implantation of a second-generation drug-eluting stent (DES). Methods : About 352 patients with single de novo coronary stenosis were randomly assigne`d to either clopidogrel group (aspirin plus clopidogrel) or ticagrelor group (aspirin plus ticagrelor) after DES implantation for 1 year. Baseline clinical characteristics, blood chemistry markers, coronary artery angiography (CAG), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were obtained during the index procedure. Data about clinic, CAG and OCT were also collected ...

Introduction : Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is required for coronary artery disease treated with drug-eluting stents (DES) implantation. Shortening DAPT duration would be beneficial for patients with high bleeding risk. Areas covered : Early healing patterns, especially stent strut coverage, assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a surrogate of neointima have been investigated to make decisions on whether short DAPT would be a safe alternative. This review evaluates the OCT evidence (i.e., neointimal coverage of stent struts within 3 months) for shortening DAPT duration after DES implantation. Expert commentary : Shortening DAPT (i.e., within 3 months) duration after DES implantation ...

Introduction : Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an intravascular imaging providing high-resolution images of morphological features of arterial wall. Nowadays, OCT is an accepted intravascular modality to study coronary arteries, stent implantation and vessel injury. In the last decade, an increasing interest have been focused on the application of OCT in carotid arteries. Areas covered : Literature evidence in the application of OCT in carotid arteries still remains debated. So far, OCT has been used as a research tool, aiming to evaluate atherosclerotic plaques’ features and stents’ behavior after implantation. This paper is intended to summarize clinical evidences and practices in the ...

PURPOSE: Evaluation of retinal and choroidal changes after energy drink consumption by optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Forty-two healthy volunteers with neither systemic nor ocular diseases were enrolled in the study. The energy drink (250 ml Red Bull energy drink) was provided to all volunteers. The vascular density of superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), vascular density in FAZ region, its circumference (PERIM) and vascular density around 300 micron (FD-300), and blood flow in outer retinal and choriocapillaris were measured by OCT-A (AngioVue RTVue XR Avanti (Optovue, Fremont, CA)) before and thirty minutes ...