Purpose: To compare the retina ganglion cell complex (GCC) layer and peripapillary nerve fibre layer thickness (pRNFL) in patients with prediabetes and healthy subjects analysed by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: This cross-sectional and comparative study included prediabetic patients and healthy subjects. All participants underwent SD-OCT measurement of pRNFL thickness, and GCC thickness. Results: A total of 30 eyes of the 30 patients with prediabetes and 30 eyes of 30 controls were included. The overall calculated pRNFL thicknesses were similar between the prediabetic and control subjects. The GCC thickness was significantly lower in all quadrants of the inner ...

Purpose : To assess structural changes in retina and choroid after systemic corticosteroid therapy in Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods : SS-OCT was conducted before treatment and during first-month follow-up in 16 eyes treated with systemic corticosteroids for active VKH. Retina was divided into five zones depending on pretreatment choroidal thickness (CT) of <100, >100 to <200, >200 to <300, >300 to <400 and >400μm, and changes in retinal thickness and CT after treatment in these zones were compared with baseline. Results : Mean CT significantly improved from 83.1±8.75 to 156.4 ...

Introduction : Recent innovations in ophthalmic imaging have led to new alternatives to conventional ocular angiography. We describe different methods of label-free angiography and their clinical utility in ophthalmic practice. Areas covered : The aim of this paper is to review the current literature on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA). A review of the literature was performed, including the physical principles and algorithms and OCTA features of different ocular diseases. The literature reviewed was found by searching Pubmed and Google Scholar for optical coherence tomography, OCT angiography, and label-free angiography. All results in the English language were read in full-text. Expert commentary ...

Purpose/Aim of the study : To assess the ability of optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) to visualize the normal iris vasculature as well as neovascularization of the iris (NVI). Materials and Methods : Study participants with healthy eyes, patients at risk of NVI development and patients with active or regressed NVI were consecutively included in this cross-sectional observational study. Imaging was performed using a commercially available OCTA system (RTVue- XR Avanti, Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA, USA). Abnormal iris vessels were graded on OCTA according to a modified clinical staging system and compared to slitlamp and gonioscopic findings. Results : Fifty eyes of ...

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate retinal and choroidal thickness in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) using spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Material and methods : Participants in our study were 31 PD patients and 25 age-matched healthy controls. All participants underwent best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, dilated fundoscopy, and SD-OCT. Macular and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and choroidal thickness in all quadrants were recorded. Results : There was a statistically significant reduction in average, superior, and temporal RNFL thickness, average ganglion cell complex, and choroidal thickness in the subfoveal area and in all ...

Purpose : To report the presence of hyper-reflective dots in the vitreous cavity using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with acute symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and investigate their association with the presence of retinal tear. Methods : The medical records of 77 patients with acute symptomatic PVD, who were examined between March 2013 and February 2015, were reviewed. The severity of vitreous hyper-reflective dots (VHDs) was graded using SD-OCT images, and the presence of retinal tear was assessed. Results : Forty-one (53.2%) eyes had mild VHDs, 13 (16.9%) eyes had moderate VHDs, and 14 (18.2%) eyes had ...

Glaucoma causes a decrease in peripapillary perfused capillary density on optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. However, other chronic optic neuropathies have not been explored with OCT angiography to see if these changes were specific to glaucoma. The authors evaluated OCT angiography in 10 patients who suffered various kinds of chronic optic neuropathies, including optic neuritis and ischaemic optic neuropathy, and found that all optic neuropathies showed a decrease in peripapillary vessel density on OCT angiography, regardless of the aetiology of the optic neuropathy. The peripapillary vessel loss on OCT angiography correlated well with the areas of retinal nerve fibre layer ...

The clinical presentation and optical coherence tomography findings in a patient with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) are presented to highlight the presence of macular cystoid spaces in some patients with this disease. Typically, patients with MIDD demonstrate progression of a pigmentary maculopathy into areas of geographic macular atrophy. At the time of initial visit, the 30-year-old patient had large macular cystoid changes in addition to retinal pigmentary changes in both eyes. The cystoid changes responded to treatment with systemic immunosuppression and a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI), recurred when treated with topical CAI monotherapy, and finally resolved after ...

Purpose : To study the corneal changes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in vivo , using spectral domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Methods : A case–control study was done on 43 RA patients and 40 controls. The disease activity score (DAS28-ESR) was calculated and all participants had lower tear meniscus, corneal thickness, and epithelial thickness evaluation using AS-OCT. Results : The lower tear meniscus height (LTMH) and the lower tear meniscus area (LTMA) were significantly lower in the RA patients than in controls ( p < 0.001). RA patients also had a significantly thinner central corneal thickness ( p = 0.02) and their ...

Purpose : To report foveal microanatomy imaged on handheld spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) and correlate it with visual acuity in Asian Indian premature infants. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 32 Asian Indian premature infants, 10 with Type 2 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), were imaged between 3 and 12 months of corrected postmenstrual age (PMA) on the handheld SDOCT (Envisu 2300, Bioptigen, DNC, USA). The foveal findings on these images were correlated with visual acuity measured using Teller acuity cards. The study cohort was divided into three groups based on the corrected age, 3–<6 months, 6–<9 months, and ...

Purpose : To quantify the influence of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) on decision-making in patients with suspected glaucoma. Methods : A prospective cross-sectional study involving 40 eyes of 20 patients referred by community optometrists due to suspected glaucoma. All patients had disc photographs and standard automated perimetry (SAP), and results were presented to 13 ophthalmologists who estimated pre-test probability of glaucoma (0–100%) for a total of 520 observations. Ophthalmologists were then permitted to modify probabilities of disease based on SDOCT retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements (post-test probability). The effect of information from SDOCT on decision to treat, monitor ...

Purpose : To perform an analysis of optical coherence tomography (OCT) abnormalities in patients with MEWDS, during the acute and recovery stages, using enhanced depth imaging-OCT (EDI-OCT). Methods : A retrospective case series of five patients with MEWDS was included. EDI-OCT imaging was evaluated to detect retinal and choroidal features. Results : In the acute phase, focal impairment of the ellipsoid zone and external limiting membrane, hyperreflective dots in the inner choroid, and full-thickness increase of the choroidal profile were observed in the affected eye; disappearance of these findings and restoration of the choroidal thickness ( p = 0.046) was appreciated in the recovery ...

Purpose : To perform an analysis of optical coherence tomography (OCT) abnormalities in patients with MEWDS, during the acute and recovery stages, using enhanced depth imaging-OCT (EDI-OCT). Methods : A retrospective case series of five patients with MEWDS was included. EDI-OCT imaging was evaluated to detect retinal and choroidal features. Results : In the acute phase, focal impairment of the ellipsoid zone and external limiting membrane, hyperreflective dots in the inner choroid, and full-thickness increase of the choroidal profile were observed in the affected eye; disappearance of these findings and restoration of the choroidal thickness ( p = 0.046) was appreciated in the recovery ...

No abstract provided

Objective : To evaluate the thickness of the peripapillary retinal fiber layer (RNFL) and macula ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCL+) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with iron deficiency (ID) anemia. Methods : This study included 73 eyes of 39 patients with ID anemia and 68 eyes of 34 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. The measurements included the peripapillary RNFL thicknesses as average, 4 quadrant and 12 clock-hour (CH) based and macula GCL+ thicknesses as average and 6 quadrant based. All measurements were completed with Cirrus HD-OCT and the results were compared between the groups. Results : A total of 73 eyes ...

Sarcoidosis is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease which belongs to a group of systemic granulomatous diseases. It can be confirmed through characteristic systemic and ocular manifestations and histological findings. Biopsy is the golden standard for diagnosing sarcoidosis. Ocular sarcoidosis can be confirmed, probable, or possible. Over a two-year period, ocular manifestations were studied on a sample of 52 patients, each followed for four months and diagnosed with some form of systemic sarcoidosis. Most frequent systemic manifestations in patients with ocular sarcoidosis were pulmonary, skin, glandular, and systemic generalized sarcoidosis. The disease was diagnosed four times more frequently in females than ...

Editorial

The editors are retracting this paper based on the request of the author, whose IRB has found “ethical problems and logical errors in the protocol and results.”

Purpose : To report the imaging characteristics of acute Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods : In this prospective study, patients with acute VKH ( n = 10; mean age: 30.5 ± 13.43 years) underwent multimodal imaging (baseline and follow-up) using fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), OCT, and OCTA. The OCTA images were analyzed to assess the retinochoroidal vasculature and compared with other imaging techniques. Results : During the active stage, all eyes showed multiple foci of choriocapillaris flow void that correlated with ICGA. These foci decreased in number and size after initiation of ...

Purpose : To evaluate the relationship between functional parameters of repeated flicker-defined form perimetry (FDF) and structural parameters of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in glaucoma suspects with normal findings in achromatic standard automated perimetry (SAP). Methods : Patients with optic nerve heads (ONH) clinically suspicious for glaucoma and normal SAP findings were enrolled in this prospective study. Each participant underwent visual field (VF) testing with FDF perimetry, using the Heidelberg Edge Perimeter (HEP, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) at two consecutive visits. Peripapillary RNFL thickness was obtained by SD-OCT (Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). Correlations and regression analyses of global and sectoral ...

Purpose : To test the effect of ambient illumination scaling on the reproducibility and reliability anterior chamber metrics using the Visante time domain optical coherence tomography (TD-OCT) instrument. Materials and methods : The inferior irido-corneal angles of 25 normal, healthy eyes were imaged twice with the Zeiss Visante TD-OCT under five strictly controlled ambient light conditions (foot candles (fc) measured with a light meter at camera/eye interface). Each eye was imaged 10 times totaling 250 assessments. Angle opening distance (AOD500/750), trabecular iris space area (TISA500/750), and scleral spur (SS) angle were graded twice by masked, trained graders at the ...

Objective : To investigate retinal morphologic changes during silicone oil tamponade and after its removal using spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) imaging. Materials and Methods : Retrospective review of 12 patients who underwent silicone oil tamponade for repair of retinal detachments. Macular OCT scans and volumetric thickness maps were examined qualitatively and quantitatively. Results : Volumetric OCT revealed two distinct patterns during silicone oil: macular thickening (Group A) and macular thinning (Group B). In Group A, mean foveal thickness (507 ± 169 µm vs. 407 ± 163 µm, p = 0.003) and mean macular volume (11.6 ± 2.4 mm 3 vs. 9.9 ± 1.5 ...

Purpose : To assess the effect of low, moderate, and high myopia on the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and Ganglion cell complex (GCC) measured by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) in non-glaucomatous subjects. Methods : The subjects were divided into three groups: low (n = 81, 35.6%), moderate (n = 79, 34.8%), and highly myopic eyes (n = 67, 29.5%). The RNFL thickness profile, including the average, superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal quadrant and each of the eight directional thicknesses, was measured. GCC parameters, including the average, superior, and inferior values, the focal loss volume (FLV), and ...