Neurology -Optical Coherence Tomography News

Articles in category: Neurology

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1. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) use in non-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementias
  
  Explore j-alz.com Dec 5 2013 Neurology , Ophthalmology
  
  We read with great interest the article by Moreno and colleagues [1]. The authors should be congratulated on enlarging our knowledge on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other types of dementia. The results of this study show that optical coherence tomography (OCT) seems to be a useful tool for diagnosing dementia syndromes but does not seem to contribute to the differential diagnosis of different types of dementia. Nevertheless, we believe that some supplementary discussion of the problem is needed. Although the authors stated in their article that there were no studies on ...
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2. Optical Coherence Tomography and Visual Field Findings in Patients With Friedreich Ataxia
  
  Explore LWW Online Nov 29 2013 Neurology , Ophthalmology
  
  BACKGROUND:: To investigate the optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual field findings in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA). METHODS:: Ten eyes of 10 patients with genetically confirmed FRDA were included in this study. Twenty-two eyes of 22 age- and sex-matched volunteers served as controls. All eyes were examined with spectral domain OCT (Retinascan Advanced RS-3000; NIDEK) and Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA II 750; Zeiss-Humphrey Systems). RESULTS:: OCT measurements of the average peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, average peripapillary retinal thickness (RT), and foveal RT showed a statistically significant reduction in patients with FRDA (P < 0.0001). There was no statistically ...
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  Mentions: Nidek Nidek RS-3000
3. Development of a prediction formula of Parkinson disease severity by optical coherence tomography
  
  Explore Wiley Online Library Nov 22 2013 Neurology , Ophthalmology
  
  The aims of this study were to assess the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), to determine its correlation with disease severity, and to define a simple biomarker for predicting clinical severity. One hundred two eyes from 52 patients affected by PD were compared with 97 eyes from 50 age-comparable controls. In all patients, peripapillary RNFL thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). We used the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) total score and measured responses in the on medication state. Eyes from patients with PD had a statistically ...
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4. Retinal Layer Segmentation in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
  
  Explore Ophthalmology Nov 20 2013 Neurology , Ophthalmology
  
  Purpose To evaluate the thickness of the 10 retinal layers in the paramacular area of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with healthy subjects using the new segmentation technology of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). To examine which layer has better sensitivity for detecting neurodegeneration in patients with MS. Design Observational, cross-sectional study. Participants Patients with MS (n = 204) and age-matched healthy subjects (n = 138). Methods The Spectralis OCT system (Heidelberg Engineering, Inc., Heidelberg, Germany) was used to obtain automated segmentation of all retinal layers in a parafoveal scan in 1 randomly selected eye of each participant, using the ...
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  Mentions: Heidelberg Engineering Miguel Servet University Hospital José M. Larrosa
5. Optic coherence tomography findings in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients of the northwest of Iran
  
  Explore ijnl.tums.ac.ir Nov 20 2013 Neurology , Ophthalmology
  
  Background : Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a simple, high-resolution technique to quantify the thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macula volume, which provide an indirect measurement of axonal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to evaluate OCT finding in relapsing-remitting MS patients of the northwest of Iran and compare them with a normal control group. Methods: In a cross-sectional, descriptive, analytic study, 60 patients with MS as case group and 60 patients as controls were studied. Total macular volume (TMV) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in perioptic disk area (3.4 millimeter around the disk ...
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  Mentions: Zeiss Stratus OCT
6. Monocular and binocular low-contrast visual acuity and optical coherence tomography in pediatric multiple sclerosis
  
  Explore ScienceDirect Nov 18 2013 Neurology , Ophthalmology
  
  Background Low-contrast letter acuity and optical coherence tomography (OCT) capture visual dysfunction and axonal loss in adult-onset multiple sclerosis (MS), and have been proposed as secondary outcome metrics for therapeutic trials. Clinical trials will soon be launched in pediatric MS, but such outcome metrics have not been well-validated in this population. Objectives To determine whether MS onset during childhood and adolescence is associated with measurable loss of visual acuity and thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), whether such features are noted only in the context of clinical optic nerve inflammation (optic neuritis, ON) or are a feature of ...
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  Mentions: Peter A. Calabresi Johns Hopkins University University of Pennsylvania
7. Can the Eyes Help Diagnose Alzheimer’s Disease?
  
  Explore Georgetown University Nov 14 2013 Neurology , Ophthalmology
  
  An international team of researchers studying the link between vision loss and Alzheimer’s disease report that the loss of a particular layer of retinal cells not previously investigated may reveal the disease’s presence and provide a new way to track disease progression. The researchers, from Georgetown University Medical Center (GUMC) and the University of Hong Kong, examined retinas from the eyes of mice genetically engineered to develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD). They presented their findings today at Neuroscience 2013, the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience . “The retina is an extension of the brain so it makes ...
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  Mentions: National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Georgetown University
8. Eye cells could help diagnose Alzheimer's disease
  
  Explore BBC - Homepage Nov 13 2013 Neurology , Ophthalmology
  
  A team found genetically engineered mice with Alzheimer's lost thickness in this layer of eye cells. As the retina is a direct extension of the brain, they say the loss of retinal neurons could be related to the loss of brain cells in Alzheimer's. The findings were revealed at the US Society for Neuroscience conference. The team believes this work could one day lead to opticians being able to detect Alzheimer's in a regular eye check, if they had the right tools. Alterations in the same retinal cells could also help detect glaucoma - which causes blindness - and ...
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  Mentions: Georgetown University
9. In-vivo Optical Measurement of Neural Activity in the Brain
  
  Explore Experimental Neurobiology Oct 30 2013 Neurology
  
  The optical neural recording techniques are promising tools in recent years. Compared to the traditional electrophysiological recording, the optical means offer several advantages including no inclusion of electrical noise, simultaneous imaging of a large number of neurons, or selective recording from genetically-targeted neurons. Overall the optical neural recording technique comprises the intrinsic and the extrinsic optical recordings. The methods for intrinsic neural recording employ the change of optical properties in brains such as blood flow/oxygenation, cellular volume change, or refractive index change without addition of external indicators. Those properties can be detected using various optical techniques including laser Doppler ...
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  Mentions: Georgia Institute of Technology
10. Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Structure Abnormalities in Schizophrenia and its Relationship to Disease State: Evidence from Optical Coherence Tomography
  
  Explore iovs.org Oct 18 2013 Neurology , Ophthalmology
  
  Purpose:To determine structural retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) changes in schizophrenia patients and to establish if the structural changes was related to the duration of the illness using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Method. A total of 30 schizophrenic patients and 30 age-matched controls were recruited in the study. The schizophrenic patients were further subdivided to acute (n=5), chronic (n=13) and long term chronic (n=12) subgroups depending on their duration of illness. Using SD-OCT, the peripapillary RNFL thickness, macula thickness and macula volume measurements of schizophrenic patients and the control subjects were measured and compared at ...
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11. Physiological variation of segmented OCT retinal layer thicknesses is short-lasting
  
  Explore Home - Springer Oct 9 2013 Neurology , Ophthalmology
  
  The application of spectral domain optical coherence tomography as a surrogate for neurodegeneration in a range of neurological disorders demands better understanding of the physiological variation of retinal layer thicknesses, which may mask any value of this emerging outcome measure. A prospective study compared retinal layer thicknesses between control subjects ( n = 15) and runners ( n = 27) participating in a 10-km charity run. Three scans were performed using an eye-tracking function (EBF) and automated scan registration for optimal precision at (1) baseline, (2) directly after the run, and (3) following a rehydration period. Retinal layer segmentation was performed with suppression of ...
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  Mentions: VU University Amsterdam
12. Measurement of viscoelastic properties in multiple anatomical regions of acute rat brain tissue slices
  
  Explore ScienceDirect Oct 9 2013 Neurology
  
  Mechanical property data for brain tissue are needed to understand the biomechanics of neurological disorders and response of the brain to different mechanical and surgical forces. Most studies have characterized mechanical behavior of brain tissues over large regions or classified tissue properties for either gray or white matter regions only. In this study, spatially heterogeneous viscoelastic properties of ex vivo rat brain tissue slices were measured in different anatomical regions including the cerebral cortex, caudate/putamen, and hippocampus using an optical coherence tomography (OCT) indentation system. Cell viability was also tested to observe neuronal degeneration and morphological changes in tissue ...
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  Mentions: University of Florida Huikai K. Xie
13. Serial optical coherence scanner for large-scale brain imaging at microscopic resolution
  
  Explore ScienceDirect Oct 8 2013 Neurology
  
  We describe a serial optical coherence scanner (SOCS) for high resolution imaging of ex-vivo brain. SOCS integrates a multi-contrast optical coherence tomography and a vibratome slicer to establish comprehensive brain anatomy and fiber pathways in three-dimensional space. Rat brain images are demonstrated by utilizing intrinsic optical contrasts including back-scattering, birefringence and optic axis orientation, which are simultaneously generated from the same dataset. Volumetric images from serial scans are combined to realize large scale brain maps. Nerve fiber tracts are globally described in 3D by retardance, and delicately delineated by cross-polarization at the resolution of 15 × 15 × 5.5 μm 3 ...
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  Mentions: University of Minnesota Taner Akkin Hui Wang
14. Assessment of structural and functıonal vısual outcomes ın relapsıng remıttıng multıple sclerosıs wıth vısual evoked potentıals and optıcal coherence tomography
  
  Explore ScienceDirect Oct 6 2013 Neurology , Ophthalmology
  
  The purpose of this study is to consider the clinical utility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and find a correlation with VEP. Effects of different disease modifying treatments (DMT) were further evaluated by measuring OCT parameters and whether a correlation exists between the RNFL thickness, disease duration and expanded disability status scale (EDSS) were also assessed. 13 patients were on interferon beta-1a (IFN), 14 patients were receiving glatiramer acetate (GA), 19 patients were not being treated with any DMT and 21 healthy controls were included the study. During OCT examination, retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC ...
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15. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension; research progress and emerging themes
  
  Explore Home - Springer Oct 3 2013 Neurology , Ophthalmology
  
  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition characterised by increased intracranial pressure of unknown cause predominantly seen in obese women of childbearing age and associated with a history of recent weight gain. The aetiology is poorly understood and there are no evidence-based guidelines on the management of the disease. We aim to provide a review of the recent literature outlining the latest advances in this field over the past few years. Areas of emerging interest related to the pathophysiology of IIH will be discussed, such as the role of obesity, adipose tissue and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. We consider ...
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16. Novel use of optical coherence tomography
  
  Explore jnis.bmj.com Sep 27 2013 Cardiology , Neurology
  
  Currently in use by interventional cardiology for the intravascular evaluation of coronary arteries, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has proven to be effective in the evaluation of atherosclerotic disease and further therapeutic management. We report a novel use of OCT technology in the case of a 46-year-old man with sudden onset blurred vision and greater than 70% stenosis of his left vertebral artery. To date, no detailed descriptions or case reports have previously been reported regarding the use of neuroendovascular OCT in diseased arteries.
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  Mentions: Case Western Reserve University Marco A. Costa Hiram G. Bezerra
17. The attenuation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and cognitive deterioration
  
  Explore Frontiers Sep 27 2013 Neurology , Ophthalmology
  
  Thinner retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) has been reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patient. However, whether changes in RNFL thickness can predict the cognitive deterioration remains unknown. We therefore set out a prospective clinical investigation to determine the potential association between the attenuation of RNFL thickness and the deterioration of cognitive function over a period of 25 months. We assessed cognitive function using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status and measured RNFL thickness employing optical coherence tomography in 78 participants (mean age 72.31 ± 3.98 years, 52% men). The participants were categorized as stable participants ...
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  Mentions: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
18. University of Texas Arlington Receives NIH Grant for All Optical Control and Monitoring of Neural Activity
  
  Explore Optical Coherence Tomography News Sep 24 2013 Neurology , Funding
  
  University of Texas Arlington Receive a 2013 NIH Grant for $176,122 All Optical Control and Monitoring of Neural Activity. The principal investigator is Samarendra Mohanty. The program began in 2013 and ends in 2015. Below is a brief summary of the proposed work. Success of optogenetic intervention of neural activity requires optimization of delivery of genes encoding light sensitive proteins (opsins) to specific cells, and to record the changes in cells and tissue during optogenetic stimulation. The most-commonly used method for delivering opsin(s) is use of viral vector, which is prone to cause unexpected inflammatory responses, immunological reactions ...
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  Mentions: National Institutes of Health
19. Baseline Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Macular Volume Quantified by OCT in the North American Phase 3 Fingolimod Trial for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
  
  Explore LWW Online Sep 21 2013 Neurology , Ophthalmology
  
  Background: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) demonstrate thinning of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and decreased macular volume as measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). To our knowledge, there are no previous reports from a large MS OCT database with strict quality control measures that quantitate RNFL and macula in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Methods: The University of California Davis OCT Reading Center gathered OCT data at baseline as part of the North American phase 3 trial of fingolimod (Gilenya). Average RNFL thickness (RNFLT) and macular volume (TMV) were measured using time domain OCT (TD-OCT). RNFL quadrants, clock ...
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  Mentions: Peter A. Calabresi Johns Hopkins University John S. Werner
20. Blockface histology with optical coherence tomography: A comparison with Nissl staining
  
  Explore ScienceDirect Sep 18 2013 Neurology
  
  Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a high resolution imaging technique that generates excellent contrast based on intrinsic optical properties of the tissue, such as neurons and fibers. The SD-OCT data acquisition is performed directly on the tissue block, diminishing the need for cutting, mounting and staining. We utilized SD-OCT to visualize the laminar structure of the isocortex and compared cortical cytoarchitecture with the gold standard Nissl staining, both qualitatively and quantitatively. In histological processing, distortions routinely affect registration to the blockface image and prevent accurate 3D reconstruction of regions of tissue. We compared blockface registration to SD-OCT and ...
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  Mentions: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts General Hospital University of Minnesota
21. Multiple-capillary measurement of RBC speed, flux, and density with optical coherence tomography
  
  Explore Nature Publishing Group Sep 15 2013 Neurology , Doppler
  
  As capillaries exhibit heterogeneous and fluctuating dynamics even during baseline, a technique measuring red blood cell (RBC) speed and flux over many capillaries at the same time is needed. Here, we report that optical coherence tomography can capture individual RBC passage simultaneously over many capillaries located at different depths. Further, we demonstrate the ability to quantify RBC speed, flux, and linear density. This technique will provide a means to monitor microvascular flow dynamics over many capillaries at different depths at the same time.
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  Mentions: Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard University
22. Macular spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings in Tanzanian endemic optic neuropathy
  
  Explore Oxford Journals Sep 11 2013 Neurology , Ophthalmology
  
  Bilateral optic neuropathy in Dar es Salaam is now considered endemic and is estimated to affect 0.3–2.4% of young adults. The condition is characterized by a subacute bilateral loss of central vision of unknown aetiology. Findings of spectral domain optical coherence tomography have not previously been reported for these patients. All patients diagnosed with endemic optic neuropathy over a 2-year period at the Muhimbili National Hospital underwent spectral domain optical coherence tomography macular imaging. Scans were graded qualitatively for severity of retinal nerve fibre layer loss as well as the presence of microcystic macular changes, which have ...
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  Mentions: University of Cambridge Kings College London
23. The Evaluation of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Multiple Sclerosis with Special-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
  
  Explore Karger Publishers Sep 7 2013 Neurology , Ophthalmology
  
  Background/Aims: Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning has been observed on histopathology and time-domain optical coherence tomography in many diseases of the central nervous system. In this study, with a higher resolution of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT), we detected RNFL changes in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in China, and compared RNFL thickness between eyes with and without optic neuritis (ON). Methods: In this retrospective, nonrandom case study, the patients were recruited from the Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University. RNFL thickness was measured for each eye using SDOCT. The controls were recruited from the ...
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  Mentions: Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT Zeiss Stratus OCT Zhejiang University
24. Novel Retinal Imaging Biomarkers in Early Alzheimer's Disease
  
  Explore ClinicalTrials.gov Sep 4 2013 Neurology , Ophthalmology , Clinical Trials
  
  The goal of this study is to create new retinal imaging processing software useful for the development of novel retinal biomarkers of cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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  Mentions: Duke University
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