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Articles in category: Neurology
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Optical coherence tomography and visual evoked potentials: which is more sensitive in multiple sclerosis?
Read Full ArticleObjective: To assess the sensitivity of optic coherence tomography (OCT) and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to visual pathway abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: A total of 40 MS subjects, 28 with optic neuritis (ON) at least 3 months before (bilateral in 5), underwent assessment of visual acuity, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), OCT and VEPs, the latter quantified with a 0–4 conventional score. Results: OCT and VEPs were abnormal in 36% and 56% respectively in all eyes ( p =0.11), 68% and 86% in eyes with previous ON ( p =0.12), and in 19% versus 40% in eyes ...
Mentions: San Raffaele Scientfic Institute -
Choroidal Thinning as a New Finding in Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence from Enhanced Depth Imaging Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Read Full ArticleBackground: The involvement of retina and its vasculature has been recently described in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, none of the previous works have yet investigated the choroid in vivo. Objective: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and enhanced depth imaging (EDI) technique is non-invasively used to assess choroidal thickness in patients with AD and to determine whether the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and central retinal thickness are reduced compared to normal subjects. Methods: Forty-two eyes of 21 patients (mean age, 73.1 ± 6.9 years) with a diagnosis of mild to moderate AD and 42 eyes of ...
Mentions: Sapienza University of Rome -
A Bibliometric Analysis of Optic Coherence Tomography Studies in Multiple Sclerosis
Read Full Articleigh-resolution cross-sectional images of the retina that has been used for ten years in multiple sclerosis (MS) related optic neuropathies. The objective of this study is to determine the scientific output in use of OCT in multiple sclerosis between 1982 and 2012 using ISI Web of Knowledge. Methods: The ISI Web of Knowledge was searched for articles on OCT published between 1982 and February 2012 using appropriate terms. Articles were characterized each year by publication type. Results: Search yielded 154 publications after the search for keywords “optical coherence tomography and multiple sclerosis and 167 publications after the search for the ...
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Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of the choroid in migraine patients: implications for the association of migraine and glaucoma
Read Full ArticleAim To compare the choroidal thickness measurements obtained during the attack period and during the pain-free interval in migraine patients using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods 58 eyes of 29 subjects with a diagnosis of migraine with or without aura were enrolled in this observational, cross-sectional study. Two OCT scans were performed for each patient, one during the peak period of the migraine attack and the other during the headache-free interval, using the enhanced depth imaging mode. Choroidal thicknesses were measured at the fovea, at three locations nasal and at three locations temporal to the fovea at ...
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High-resolution spectral domain-optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis, Part II – the total macular volume. The first follow-up study over 2 years
Read Full ArticleBackground: Recent studies investigating the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have resulted in wide-ranging and often contradictory outcomes. This is mainly due to the complex etiology and heterogeneity of MS, physiological variations in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and/or total macular volume (TMV), and limitations in methodology. It remains to be discovered whether any retinal changes in MS develop continuously or in a stepwise fashion, and whether these changes occur in all or a subset of patients. High-resolution spectral domain-OCT devices (SD-OCT) would be required to detect subtle retinal changes and longitudinal ...
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Angiography and Monitoring of Hemodynamic Signals in the Brain via Optical Coherence Tomography (Thesis)
Read Full ArticleThe brain is a complex network of interconnected neurons with each cell functioning as a nonlinear processing unit. Neural responses to stimulus can be described by activity in neurons. While blood flow changes have been associated with neural activity and are critical to brain function, this neurovascular coupling is not well understood. This work presents a technique for neurovascular interrogation, combining optogenetics and optical coherence tomography. Optogenetics is a recently developed neuromodulation technique to control activity in the brain using light with precise spatial neuronal control and high temporal resolution. Using this method, cells act as light-gated ion channels and ...
Mentions: University of Wisconsin -
Detection of retinal nerve fiber layer defects in Alzheimer‘s disease using SD-OCT
Read Full ArticleIntroduction: To examine the clinical value of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis OCT) to detect retinal nerve fibre layer defects in patients with clinically defined Alzheimer‘s disease (AD). Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 22 patients with AD (mean age: 75.9 ± 6.1 years) and 22 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Neuro-ophthalmologic examinations and a series of high-resolution OCT examinations of the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness using the Spectralis 3.5-mm circle scan protocol with ART-Modus and eye tracking were obtained, and compared to age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Results: Patients with AD ...
Mentions: Heidelberg Spectralis -
Quantification of the neurodegenerative status in patients with multiple sclerosis by optical coherence tomography in respect to functional vision (Thesis)
Read Full ArticleMultiple sclerosis is the most frequent, non-traumatic, neurological disorder in young adults in western countries which leads to chronic impairment. The cause of the immune mediated illness remains elusive. Neither clinical nor paraclinical measures can estimate the disability degree or the course of multiple sclerosis (MS). It is crucial to improve the methods which can be a window to the neurodegenerative status of individuals. Structural investigations of the ZNS by MRI own a key position but discriminate between demyelinisation and axonal damage insufficiently and show a discrepancy between lesion load and clinical symptoms. The axonal degeneration goes in line with ...
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Optical Coherence Tomography in Parkinson's Disease: Is the Retina a Biomarker?
Read Full ArticleVisual symptoms are a common feature in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and retinal dopamine loss and dysfunctions in foveal vision have been described in PD patients. Because visual hallucination (VH) is a specific feature of PD which is differentiated from other parkinsonian disorders, defective visual information processing from both the central and peripheral pathways is suggested to be the pathophysiological mechanisms of VH in PD. Decreased visual acuity as well as impaired contrast sensitivity and color vision is known to be related to the appearance of VH in PD. However, these functional studies were also affected by cognitive ...
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Optical coherence tomography: a quantitative tool to screen for papilledema in craniosynostosis
Read Full ArticlePurpose Our aim was to evaluate if optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used as an alternative for fundoscopy to screen for increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in children with craniosynostosis Methods We performed a prospective cohort study at the Dutch Craniofacial Centre. We included 38 patients with nonsyndromic scaphocephaly and Crouzon’s syndrome aged 3–8 years old, in whom we scored complaints suggestive of increased ICP and performed fundoscopy and OCT. Main outcome measures total retinal thickness (TRT) which was measured on 58 OCT scans. Results Forty-three percent of fundoscopies revealed pathologic changes of the papil in at least ...
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Utilizing Optical Coherence Tomography in Diagnosing a Unique Presentation of Chiasmal Hypoplasia Variant of Septo-Optic Dysplasia
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Visual Involvement in MS: Optic Neuritis and Optical Coherence Tomography
Read Full ArticleThis optic neuritis and optical coherence tomography multiple sclerosis webcast identifies the most current clinical trials, treatment options, and the use of optical coherence tomography in patients with multiple sclerosis. To learn more about the Multiple Sclerosis Virtual Grand Rounds series or to claim CME credit, visit
Mentions: Cleveland Clinic -
Perspectives of an innovative ophthalmological technology: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) – What should be of interest to the neurologist?
Read Full ArticleOcular coherence tomography has revolutionised the prospects of measuring the loss of retinal ganglion cells secondary to degenerative diseases and monitoring time-dependent changes of optic disc morphology, since the resolution has been improved considerably and the time required has been reduced. Although the non-invasive technique promises a high inter-session reproducibility, the limitations of retinal imaging and the problems of segmenting of the retinal layers have to be taken into account. While the first studies were limited to single sessions in small groups, further trials will elucidate how the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) is altered in the course of different ...
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University of Minnesota Receives NIH Grant for Depth-Resolved Optical Imaging of Neural Action Potentials
Read Full ArticleThe University of Minnesota Received a 2013 NIH Grant for $293,971 for Depth-Resolved Optical Imaging of Neural Action Potentials. The principal investigator is Taner Akkin. The program began in 2010 and ends in 2014. Below is a summary of the proposed work. As the development of new methods that directly assess neural activity becomes a pressing need, a variety of optical techniques is being investigated for imaging neural structure and function with high temporal and spatial resolutions. Recently, the emerging technology of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) has allowed us to simultaneously detect action potential (AP) related phase changes ...
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UC Davis wins NIH Grant for Functional Optical Coherence Tomography for Imaging of Cortical Hemodynamics
Read Full ArticleThe University of California at Davis received a 2013 NIH Grant for $224,099 for Functional Optical Coherence Tomography for Imaging of Cortical Hemodynamics. The principal investigator was Vivek Srinivasan. The program began in 2011 and ends in 2014. Below is a summary of the propose work. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical imaging modality that can perform micron scale, tomographic cross-sectional imaging of microstructure in biological tissues in situ and in real time. Due to the high axial resolution, OCT is ideally suited for imaging tissues with a laminar structure, such as the retina. Recent advances in OCT ...
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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) use in non-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementias
Read Full ArticleWe read with great interest the article by Moreno and colleagues [1]. The authors should be congratulated on enlarging our knowledge on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other types of dementia. The results of this study show that optical coherence tomography (OCT) seems to be a useful tool for diagnosing dementia syndromes but does not seem to contribute to the differential diagnosis of different types of dementia. Nevertheless, we believe that some supplementary discussion of the problem is needed. Although the authors stated in their article that there were no studies on ...
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Optical Coherence Tomography and Visual Field Findings in Patients With Friedreich Ataxia
Read Full ArticleBACKGROUND:: To investigate the optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual field findings in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA). METHODS:: Ten eyes of 10 patients with genetically confirmed FRDA were included in this study. Twenty-two eyes of 22 age- and sex-matched volunteers served as controls. All eyes were examined with spectral domain OCT (Retinascan Advanced RS-3000; NIDEK) and Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA II 750; Zeiss-Humphrey Systems). RESULTS:: OCT measurements of the average peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, average peripapillary retinal thickness (RT), and foveal RT showed a statistically significant reduction in patients with FRDA (P < 0.0001). There was no statistically ...
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Development of a prediction formula of Parkinson disease severity by optical coherence tomography
Read Full ArticleThe aims of this study were to assess the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), to determine its correlation with disease severity, and to define a simple biomarker for predicting clinical severity. One hundred two eyes from 52 patients affected by PD were compared with 97 eyes from 50 age-comparable controls. In all patients, peripapillary RNFL thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). We used the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) total score and measured responses in the on medication state. Eyes from patients with PD had a statistically ...
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Retinal Layer Segmentation in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Read Full ArticlePurpose To evaluate the thickness of the 10 retinal layers in the paramacular area of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with healthy subjects using the new segmentation technology of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). To examine which layer has better sensitivity for detecting neurodegeneration in patients with MS. Design Observational, cross-sectional study. Participants Patients with MS (n = 204) and age-matched healthy subjects (n = 138). Methods The Spectralis OCT system (Heidelberg Engineering, Inc., Heidelberg, Germany) was used to obtain automated segmentation of all retinal layers in a parafoveal scan in 1 randomly selected eye of each participant, using the ...
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Optic coherence tomography findings in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients of the northwest of Iran
Read Full ArticleBackground : Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a simple, high-resolution technique to quantify the thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macula volume, which provide an indirect measurement of axonal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to evaluate OCT finding in relapsing-remitting MS patients of the northwest of Iran and compare them with a normal control group. Methods: In a cross-sectional, descriptive, analytic study, 60 patients with MS as case group and 60 patients as controls were studied. Total macular volume (TMV) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in perioptic disk area (3.4 millimeter around the disk ...
Mentions: Zeiss Stratus OCT -
Monocular and binocular low-contrast visual acuity and optical coherence tomography in pediatric multiple sclerosis
Read Full ArticleBackground Low-contrast letter acuity and optical coherence tomography (OCT) capture visual dysfunction and axonal loss in adult-onset multiple sclerosis (MS), and have been proposed as secondary outcome metrics for therapeutic trials. Clinical trials will soon be launched in pediatric MS, but such outcome metrics have not been well-validated in this population. Objectives To determine whether MS onset during childhood and adolescence is associated with measurable loss of visual acuity and thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), whether such features are noted only in the context of clinical optic nerve inflammation (optic neuritis, ON) or are a feature of ...
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Can the Eyes Help Diagnose Alzheimer’s Disease?
Read Full ArticleAn international team of researchers studying the link between vision loss and Alzheimer’s disease report that the loss of a particular layer of retinal cells not previously investigated may reveal the disease’s presence and provide a new way to track disease progression. The researchers, from Georgetown University Medical Center (GUMC) and the University of Hong Kong, examined retinas from the eyes of mice genetically engineered to develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD). They presented their findings today at Neuroscience 2013, the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience . “The retina is an extension of the brain so it makes ...
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Eye cells could help diagnose Alzheimer's disease
Read Full ArticleA team found genetically engineered mice with Alzheimer's lost thickness in this layer of eye cells. As the retina is a direct extension of the brain, they say the loss of retinal neurons could be related to the loss of brain cells in Alzheimer's. The findings were revealed at the US Society for Neuroscience conference. The team believes this work could one day lead to opticians being able to detect Alzheimer's in a regular eye check, if they had the right tools. Alterations in the same retinal cells could also help detect glaucoma - which causes blindness - and ...
Mentions: Georgetown University
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