1. Articles in category: Urology

    1-24 of 94 1 2 3 4 »
    1. Visualization of synthetic mesh utilizing optical coherence tomography

      Visualization of synthetic mesh utilizing optical coherence tomography

      Introduction and hypothesis Owing to the recent upsurge in adverse events reported after mesh-augmented pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repairs, our aim was to determine whether the location and depth of synthetic mesh can be measured postoperatively within the vaginal tissue microstructure using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods Seventeen patients with prior mesh-augmented repairs were recruited for participation. Patients were included if they had undergone an abdominal sacral colpopexy (ASC) or vaginal repair with mesh. Exclusion criteria were a postoperative period of <6 months, or the finding of mesh exposure on examination. OCT was used to image the vaginal wall at ...

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      Mentions: Imalux
    2. Nonculprit Coronary Plaque Characteristics of Chronic Kidney Disease

      Nonculprit Coronary Plaque Characteristics of Chronic Kidney Disease

      Background— Chronic kidney disease (CKD) promotes the development of atherosclerosis and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to compare the coronary plaque characteristics of patients with and without CKD using optical coherence tomography. Methods and Results— We identified 463 nonculprit plaques from 287 patients from the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) optical coherence tomography registry. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 . A total of 402 plaques (250 patients) were in the non-CKD group and 61 plaques (37 patients) were in the CKD group. Compared ...

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    3. Telerobotic system designed to treat bladder cancer

      Telerobotic system designed to treat bladder cancer

      Although bladder cancer is the sixth most common form of cancer in the U.S. and the most expensive to treat, the basic method that doctors use to treat it hasn’t changed much in more than 70 years. An interdisciplinary collaboration of engineers and doctors at Vanderbilt and Columbia Universities intends to change that situation dramatically. Headed by Nabil Simaan , associate professor of mechanical engineering at Vanderbilt, the team has developed a prototype telerobotic platform designed to be inserted through natural orifices – in this case the urethra – that can provide surgeons with a much better view of bladder tumors ...

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    4. Combined use of fluorescence cystoscopy and cross-polarization OCT for diagnosis of bladder cancer and correlation with immunohistochemical markers

      Combined use of fluorescence cystoscopy and cross-polarization OCT for diagnosis of bladder cancer and correlation with immunohistochemical markers

      The combined use of fluorescence cystoscopy and cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP OCT) with quantitative estimation of the OCT signal was assessed in 92 bladder zones. It demonstrated the diagnostic accuracy in detecting superficial bladder cancer of 93.6%, sensitivity 96.4%, specificity 92.1%, positive predictive value 87% and negative predictive value 97.9%. Quantitative estimation of OCT signal standard deviation in cross-polarization (CP OCT SD index) makes the visual criteria of CP OCT image assessment more objective. The level of CP OCT SD index for diagnosing superficial bladder cancer, including cancer in situ, was 4.32 dB and ...

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    5. Feature Of The Week 2/3/13: Automated Segmentation Algorithm for Medical Image Processing using Optical Coherence Tomography

      Feature Of The Week 2/3/13: Automated Segmentation Algorithm for Medical Image Processing using Optical Coherence Tomography

      Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive optical imaging technique for in vivo and in situ imaging of microstructure in biological tissues. Improvements in identification, imaging, and visualization of biological microstructures are necessary before OCT clinical use. Using the proposed algorithm, OCT images of the prostate and cervicovaginal epithelium were segmented to differentiate the cavernous nerves from the prostate gland and to detect minute changes in the epithelial layer, respectively. To detect these nerves and epithelial layer changes, three image features were employed: Gabor filter, Daubechies wavelet, and Laws filter. The Gabor feature was applied with different standard deviations in ...

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    6. New Study Shows Promise For Women Needing Mesh-Augmented Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Repair

      New Study Shows Promise For Women Needing Mesh-Augmented Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Repair

      Imalux Press Release - Imalux® Corporation , manufacturer of the Niris ® Imaging System announces that the Niris 1300e has been successfully used to help physicians evaluate women for their suitability and response to mesh-augmented pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair. The Imalux Niris 1300e Imaging System was used by researchers at North Shore Long Island Jewish Health System. They were able to image previously placed mesh located in the vaginal epithelium, and were able to measure the thickness of the epithelial tissue. These studies have generated valuable information relative to the success of the vaginal mesh placement procedures. Both studies were presented at ...

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    7. Case Western Reserve University Receives 2012 NIH Grant for Staging of Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer with Optical Coherence Tomography

      Case Western Reserve University Receives 2012 NIH Grant for Staging of Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer with Optical Coherence Tomography

      Case Western Reserve University Received a 2012 NIH Grant for $304,012 for Staging of Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer with Optical Coherence Tomography. The principal investigator is Andrew Rollins. The program started in 2012 and ends in 2014. Below is a summary of the work. D iagnosis and treatment of upper-tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUC) remain very challenging for urologists. Standard management for many years has been radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). However, RNU is a significant over-treatment for low-risk tumors, which have low rate of progression. Endoscopic management of these low-risk cases bears obvious advantages over RNU, including lower co-morbidity and lower ...

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    8. University of Maryland College Park Receives NIH Grant for In Vivo Optical Imaging of Kidney Structure and Function

      University of Maryland College Park Receives NIH Grant for In Vivo Optical Imaging of Kidney Structure and Function

      The University of Maryland College Park Received a 2012 NIH Grant for $114,187 for In Vivo Optical Imaging of Kidney Structure and Function. The program started in 2011 and ends in 2013. Yu Chen is the Principal Investigator. Below is a summary of the work. The overall goal of this proposal is to investigate the clinical feasibility of a new minimally-invasive multi-modal optical imaging technology for the diagnosis of kidney diseases in vivo and in real time. Multi-modal optical imaging combining high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) and high-sensitivity fluorescence imaging enables comprehensive assessment of kidney structural and functional parameters ...

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    9. Optical assessment of tissue anisotropy in ex vivo distended rat bladders

      Optical assessment of tissue anisotropy in ex vivo distended rat bladders

      Microstructural remodelling in epithelial layers of various hollow organs, including changes in tissue anisotropy, are known to occur under mechanical distension and during disease processes. In this paper, we analyze how bladder distension alters wall anisotropy using polarized light imaging (followed by Mueller matrix decomposition). Optical retardance values of different regions of normal rat bladders under different distension pressures are derived. Then optical coherence tomography is used to measure local bladder wall thicknesses, enabling the calculation of the tissue birefringence maps as a measure of the tissue anisotropy. Selected two-photon microscopy is also performed to better understand the compositional origins ...

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    10. Encrustation of urologic double pigtail catheters—an ex vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) study

      Encrustation of urologic double pigtail catheters—an ex vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) study

      This study aims to evaluate whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) using both the surface and the endoluminal technique is feasible to investigate the locations and degree of encrustation process in clinically used ureteral stents. After removal from patients, 14 polyurethane JJ stents were investigated. A fresh JJ served as a control. The external surfaces were examined using an endoscopic surface OCT whereas the intraluminal surfaces were investigated by an endoluminal radial OCT device. The focus was on detection of encrustation or crystalline sedimentation. In 12 female and two male patients, the median indwelling time of the ureteral catheter was 100 ...

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    11. Strategies to prevent progression of high-risk bladder cancer at initial diagnosis

      Strategies to prevent progression of high-risk bladder cancer at initial diagnosis

      Purpose of review: As high-risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has a high propensity to recur and progress, the primary therapeutic goal in patients with high-risk NMIBC is the prevention or delay of disease recurrence and progression. Recent findings: For improving transurethral resection quality, new optical enhancement technology such as optical coherence tomography, photodynamic diagnosis and narrow band imaging might be considered because these emerging optical techniques may contribute to resection completeness and reduce the recurrence risk. Recent studies have confirmed that a second resection is associated with a lower risk of progression and cancer-related death. Although maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guerin ...

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    12. New Optical Imaging Technologies for Bladder Cancer: Considerations and Perspectives

      New Optical Imaging Technologies for Bladder Cancer: Considerations and Perspectives

      Purpose Bladder cancer presents as a spectrum of different diatheses. Accurate assessment for individualized treatment depends on initial diagnostic accuracy. Detection relies on white light cystoscopy accuracy and comprehensiveness. Aside from invasiveness and potential risks, white light cystoscopy shortcomings include difficult flat lesion detection, precise tumor delineation to enable complete resection, inflammation and malignancy differentiation, and grade and stage determination. Each shortcoming depends on surgeon ability and experience with the technology available for visualization and resection. Fluorescence cystoscopy/photodynamic diagnosis, narrow band imaging, confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography address the limitations and have in vivo feasibility. They detect ...

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    13. Differentiation between normal renal tissue and renal tumours using functional optical coherence tomography: a phase I in vivo human study

      Differentiation between normal renal tissue and renal tumours using functional optical coherence tomography: a phase I in vivo human study

      Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) was developed in the early 1990s for ophthalmological application and is currently widely accepted in ophthalmology for retinal imaging purposes. In kidneys, the first experiments were performed on transplant kidneys to investigate the ability of OCT to assess ischaemic damage of kidneys. An ex vivo pilot study on the ability of OCT to differentiate normal renal tissue from malignant renal tissue, showed positive results and here we present the results of the first in vivo experiment. The study shows for the first time that in vivo OCT is feasible and safe to perform in humans and ...

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    14. Kidney cancer: First in vivo study shows optical imaging can distinguish renal cancer from normal tissue

      Kidney cancer: First in vivo study shows optical imaging can distinguish renal cancer from normal tissue

      Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution light-based technique widely used in ophthalmology to image the retina in real time. Researchers in The Netherlands have transferred this technique to the human kidney, and now they report the first in vivo study of OCT for renal tumours in BJU International

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    15. Enhanced thulium fiber laser lithotripsy using micro-pulse train modulation

      Enhanced thulium fiber laser lithotripsy using micro-pulse train modulation

      The thulium fiber laser (TFL) is currently being studied as an alternative to the conventional holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) laser for lithotripsy. The diode-pumped TFL may be electronically modulated to operate with variable parameters (e.g., pulse rate, pulse duration, and duty cycle) for studying the influence of pulse train mode on stone ablation rates. The TFL under study was operated at 1908 nm, 35-mJ pulse energy, and 500-μs pulse duration, in a train of 5 micro-pulses, with macro-pulse rates of 10 Hz, compared with conventional TFL operation at 10 to 50 Hz. TFL energy was delivered through 100-μm-core fibers ...

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    16. Incorporation of physical constraints in optimal surface search for renal cortex segmentation

      Incorporation of physical constraints in optimal surface search for renal cortex segmentation

      In this paper, we propose a novel approach for multiple surfaces segmentation based on the incorporation of physical constraints in optimal surface searching. We apply our new approach to solve the renal cortex segmentation problem, an important but not sufficiently researched issue. In this study, in order to better restrain the intensity proximity of the renal cortex and renal column, we extend the optimal surface search approach to allow for varying sampling distance and physical separation constraints, instead of the traditional fixed sampling distance and numerical separation constraints. The sampling distance of each vertex-column is computed according to the sparsity ...

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    17. Emerging Endoscopic and Photodynamic Techniques for Bladder Cancer Detection and Surveillance

      Emerging Endoscopic and Photodynamic Techniques for Bladder Cancer Detection and Surveillance
      This review provides an overview of emerging techniques, namely, photodynamic diagnosis (PDD), narrow band imaging (NBI), Raman spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, virtual cystoscopy, and endoscopic microscopy for its use in the diagnosis and surveillance of bladder cancer. The technology, clinical evidence and future applications of these approaches are discussed with particular emphasis on PDD and NBI. These approaches show promise to optimise cystoscopy and transurethral resection of bladder tumours.
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    18. The penetration of renal mass biopsy in daily practice: A survey among urologists

      The penetration of renal mass biopsy in daily practice: A survey among urologists
      Introduction: The vast increase in recent publications on renal mass biopsy (RMB) suggests an increased interest in the subject. Objective: To assess the use of RMB in the current urological practice, including related factors such as indications and patterns in practice. Methods: The link to a web-based questionnaire (www.surveymonkey.com) was sent to all registered e-mail addresses (1854) of members of the Endourological Society in December 2010. The questionnaire contained 6 epidemiological questions, 10 regarding patterns of practice, one regarding the influence of literature and one on future techniques. Chi-square test (for trends) was used to assess statistical significant ...
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    19. Integrated Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Microscopy Imaging of Ex Vivo Human Renal Tissues

      Integrated Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Microscopy Imaging of Ex Vivo Human Renal Tissues
      Purpose We evaluated the feasibility of using optical coherence tomography and optical coherence microscopy technology to assess human kidney morphology. Materials and Methods A total of 35 renal specimens from 19 patients, consisting of 12 normal tissues and 23 tumors (16 clear cell renal cell carcinomas, 5 papillary renal cell carcinomas and 2 oncocytomas) were imaged ex vivo after surgical resection. Optical coherence tomography and optical coherence microscopy images were compared to corresponding hematoxylin and eosin histology to identify characteristic features of normal and pathological renal tissues. Three pathologists blinded to histology evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of optical coherence ...
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    20. Nerve Mapping for Prostatectomies: Novel Technologies under Development

      Nerve Mapping for Prostatectomies: Novel Technologies under Development
      Prostatic neuroanatomy is difficult to visualize intraoperatively and can be extremely variable. Damage to these nerves during prostatectomies may lead to post-operative complications such as erectile dysfunction and incontinence. This review aims to discuss the prostatic neuroanatomy, sites of potential nerve damage during a prostatectomy, and nerve mapping technologies being developed to prevent neural injury. These technologies include stimulation, dyes, and direct visualization. Nerve stimulation works by testing an area and observing a physiologic response but is limited by the long half life for an erectile response; examples include CaverMap, ProPep, and optical nerve stimulation. Few nerve dyes have been ...
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    21. University of Maryland Researchers Received NIH Grant for In Vivo Optical Imaging of Kidney Structure and Function

      University of Maryland Researchers Received NIH Grant for In Vivo Optical Imaging of Kidney Structure and Function
      University of Maryland Researchers received a $119,533 2011 NIH Grant for In Vivo Optical Imaging of Kidney Structure and Function.  The principal investigator is Dr. Yu Chen and this program stated in 2011 and ends in 2013.  Below is a summary of the work   The overall goal of this proposal is to develop a minimally-invasive optical imaging technology for the diagnosis of kidney diseases in vivo and in real time. Specifically, in this Pilot and Feasibility Clinical Research Grants in Kidney or Urologic Diseases (R21), we will image the ischemic injury in human subjects during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy procedures ...
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    22. Emerging optical techniques in advanced cystoscopy for bladder cancer diagnosis: A review of the current literature

      Emerging optical techniques in advanced cystoscopy for bladder cancer diagnosis: A review of the current literature
      Background and objective : The current standard for the diagnosis and followup of bladder cancer remains white light cystoscopy, despite its well-known limitations. The aim of this paper is to review the current literature on three optical diagnostics that have been developed to improve the performance of white light cystoscopy: photodynamic diagnosis, narrow-band imaging and optical coherence tomography. Materials and Methods : A PubMed search was performed for all articles on bladder cancer and photodynamic diagnosis, narrow-band imaging, and optical coherence tomography. Relevant papers on the working mechanism or clinical performance of the techniques were selected. Results : Photodynamic diagnosis and narrow-band imaging ...
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    1-24 of 94 1 2 3 4 »
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