Pulmonology -Optical Coherence Tomography News

Articles in category: Pulmonology

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1. MUcociliary Clearance IN Stroke
  
  Explore Home - ClinicalTrials.gov Mar 21 2019 Pulmonology , Clinical Trials
  
  Survival and functional outcome of stroke is strongly depending on the occurence of pneumonia (stroke-associated pneumonia, SAP). Early diagnose and treatment of SAP is paramount in the treatment of stroke patients. While dysphagia strongly contributes to its pathogenesis, recent years have also shown a strong risk-modulation by CNS injury induced immunosuppression, making stroke patients more susceptible to SAP. Additionally, murine models of stroke showed changes in mucociliary clearance as possible contributors to SAP. It remains unclear, whether structural integrity and mucociliary clearance of the respiratory epithel change in stroke patients, and whether these changes might contribute to the occurence of ...
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  Mentions: University of Lübeck
2. Optical Coherence Tomography for Assessment of the Treatment Effect of Tiotropium in Early Stage of COPD
  
  Explore Home - ClinicalTrials.gov Feb 15 2019 Pulmonology , Clinical Trials
  
  The study aims to explore the reversibility of airway remodeling by Endobronchial Optical Coherence Tomography (EB-OCT). In this study, EB-OCT is used to assess the treatment effect of Tiotropium in early stage of COPD. Investigators recruit COPD patients in Grade A and Grade C according to GOLD 2019. Patients in Grade A will begin to use Tiotropium once daily, and EB-OCT, pulmonary function test and chest CT will be performed in baseline, 6 months, 1 year and 2 year. Patients in Grade C will begin to use LABA+LAMA (including but not limited to Olodaterol / Tiotropium) or LAMA (Tiotropium) , same ...
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3. University of Alabama Receives NIH Grant for The Mechanisms Underlying Abnormal Mucus and Its Clearance in the Cystic Fibrosis Rat
  
  Explore Optical Coherence Tomography News Feb 5 2019 Pulmonology , Funding
  
  University of Alabama at Birmingham Receives a 2019 NIH Grant for $135,841 for The Mechanisms Underlying Abnormal Mucus and Its Clearance in the Cystic Fibrosis Rat. The principal investigator is Susan Birket. The program began in 2017 and ends in 2022. Below is a summary of the proposed work. Abnormal mucociliary clearance (MCC) is a critical component of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, especially in the presence of infection; however, the mechanisms responsible for the defect are not well understood. Until recently, evaluation of this question has been primarily limited to cell culture models which do not replicate the ...
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  Mentions: National Institutes of Health University of Alabama
4. Redox imaging and optical coherence tomography of the respiratory ciliated epithelium
  
  Explore SPIE Digital Library Feb 3 2019 Pulmonology
  
  Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging technology for in vivo< airway and lung imaging. However, OCT lacks sensitivity to the metabolic changes caused by inflammation, which drives chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. Redox imaging (RI) is a label-free technique that uses the autofluorescence of the metabolic coenzymes NAD(P)H and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) to probe cellular metabolism and could provide complimentary information to OCT for airway and lung imaging. We demonstrate OCT and RI of respiratory ciliated epithelial function in ex vivo mouse tracheae. We applied RI to measure cellular metabolism ...
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  Mentions: University of Wisconsin Thorlabs Yale University
5. University of Alabama Receives NIH Grant for Functional Categorization of Ciliary Motion in PCD
  
  Explore Optical Coherence Tomography News Jan 28 2019 Pulmonology , Funding
  
  University of Alabama at Birmingham Receives a 2019 NIH Grant for $159,882 for Functional Categorization of Ciliary Motion in PCD. The principal investigator is George Solomon. The program began in 2019 and ends in 2023. Below is a summary of the proposed work. Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder of motile cilia that results in progressive lung disease due to abrogated mucociliary clearance. While new understandings of the genetics have been helpful for clinical diagnostics, functional testing of cilia are needed to understand and predict phenotypic variation and response to therapy. Recent work in our laboratory ...
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  Mentions: National Institutes of Health University of Alabama
6. Integrated ultrasound, OCT, PA and/or florescence imaging endoscope for diagnosing cancers in gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tracts
  
  Explore uspto.gov Jan 22 2019 Gastroenterology , Oncology , Pulmonology , Patents , Probes
  
  A multimodality imaging system including ultrasound, optical coherence tomography (OCT), photoacoustic (PA) imaging, florescence imaging and endoscopic catheter for imaging inside the gastrointestinal tract with real-time automatic image co-registration capability, including: an ultrasound subsystem for imaging; an optical coherence tomography (OCT) subsystem for imaging, a PA microscopy or tomography subsystem for imaging and a florescence imaging subsystem for imaging. An invasive interventional imaging device is included with an instrumentality to take a tissue biopsy from a location visible on the ultrasound subsystem for imaging, on the optical coherence tomography (OCT) subsystem for imaging, photoacoustic (PA) subsystem for imaging and florescence ...
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  Mentions: Zhongping Chen UC Irvine Qifa Zhou
7. Mapping the human pulmonary venoatrial junction with optical coherence tomography
  
  Explore OSA | OSA Publishing Jan 7 2019 Pulmonology
  
  Imaging guidance provided by optical coherence tomography (OCT) could improve the outcomes of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation by providing detailed structural information of the pulmonary veins, which are critical targets during ablation. In this study, stitched volumetric OCT images of venoatrial junctions from post-mortem human hearts were acquired and compared to histology. Image features corresponding to venous media and myocardial sleeves, as well as fiber orientation and fibrosis, were identified and found to vary between veins. Imaging of detailed tissue architecture could improve understanding of the AF structural substrate within the pulmonary veins and assist the guidance of ablation procedures.
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  Mentions: Columbia University Christine Hendon
8. Acute Airway Effects of Bronchial Thermoplasty Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
  
  Explore European Respiratory Journal Nov 27 2018 Pulmonology
  
  Background: Bronchial Thermoplasty (BT) is an endoscopic treatment for severe asthma targeting airway smooth muscle (ASM) with thermal energy. The extent of treatment effect is largely unknown. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high resolution imaging technique, using near-infrared light, that generates near-histology cross sectional images of the airway wall. Aim: Assess the extent of acute airway wall effects of BT with OCT and compare these to the untreated right middle lobe (RML). Methods: 15 severe asthma patients were treated with BT. During the third procedure, OCT imaging was performed in BT treated (sub)segmental airways in the upper lobes ...
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  Mentions: Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam Daniël M. de Bruin
9. Point-of-care endoscopic optical coherence tomography detects changes in mucosal thickness in ARDS due to smoke inhalation and burns
  
  Explore ScienceDirect Nov 27 2018 Pulmonology
  
  Background The prevalence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in mechanically ventilated burn patients is 33%, with mortality varying from 11–46% depending on ARDS severity. Despite the new Berlin definition for ARDS, prompt bedside diagnosis is lacking. We developed and tested a bedside technique of fiberoptic-bronchoscopy-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurement of airway mucosal thickness (MT) for diagnosis of ARDS following smoke inhalation injury (SII) and burns. Methods 16 female Yorkshire pigs received SII and 40% thermal burns. OCT MT and PaO 2 -to-FiO 2 ratio (PFR) measurements were taken at baseline, after injury, and at 24, 48, and ...
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  Mentions: Zhongping Chen UC Irvine Matthew Brenner
10. Optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis of lung and other organs
  
  Explore European Respiratory Journal Nov 24 2018 Ophthalmology , Pulmonology
  
  Sarcoidosis is a disease involving abnormal collections of inflammatory cells that form lumps known as granulomas. The disease can affect the lungs, skin, lymph nodes, eyes, liver, heart, and brain. As for the eyes it occupies 3-4 place among organs-target. Diagnosis of eye sarcoidosis is quite complicated and is usually found in ophthalmologic examination. Objective: Studying of diagnostic significance of additional methods of ophthalmology examination for sarcoidosis of lung and other localizations. Methods: It was a prospective investigation. The study group consisted of patients with the first identified sarcoidosis in different organs. The control group consisted of patients with tuberculosis ...
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  Mentions: Optovue Optovue iVue
11. Combined anatomical optical coherence tomography and intraluminal pressure reveal viscoelasticity of the in vivo airway
  
  Explore SPIE Digital Library Oct 27 2018 Pulmonology
  
  It is hypothesized that the local, viscoelastic (time-dependent) properties of the airway are important to accurately model and ultimately predict dynamic airway collapse in airway obstruction. Toward this end, we present a portable, endoscopic, swept-source anatomical optical coherence tomography (aOCT) system combined with a pressure catheter to capture local airway dynamics in vivo during respiration. aOCT scans were performed in the airways of a mechanically ventilated pig under paralysis with dynamic and static ventilation protocols. Validation of dynamic aOCT luminal cross-sectional area (CSA) measurements against Cine CT, obtained during the same exam, showed an aggregate difference of 15 % ± 3 % . aOCT-derived ...
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  Mentions: Thorlabs Amy L. Oldenburg University of North Carolina
12. Geometric Validation of Continuous, Finely-Sampled 3D Reconstructions from aOCT and CT in Upper Airway Models
  
  Explore IEEE Xplore Oct 25 2018 Pulmonology
  
  Identification and treatment of obstructive airway disorders (OADs) is greatly aided by imaging of the geometry of the airway lumen. Anatomical optical coherence tomography (aOCT) is a promising high-speed and minimally-invasive endoscopic imaging modality for providing micrometer-resolution scans of the upper airway. Resistance to airflow in OADs is directly caused by reduction in luminal cross-sectional area (CSA). It is hypothesized that aOCT can produce airway CSA measurements as accurate as that from computed tomography (CT). Scans of machine hollowed cylindrical tubes were used to develop methods for segmentation and measurement of airway lumen in CT and aOCT. Simulated scans of ...
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  Mentions: Amy L. Oldenburg University of North Carolina
13. Significances of spirometry and impulse oscillometry for detecting small airway disorders assessed with endobronchial optical coherence tomography in COPD
  
  Explore Medical Journals Publisher Oct 1 2018 Pulmonology
  
  Background: Spirometry confers limited value for identifying small-airway disorders (SADs) in early-stage COPD, which can be detected with impulse oscillometry (IOS) and endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT). Whether IOS is useful for reflecting small-airway morphological abnormalities in COPD remains unclear. Objectives: To compare the diagnostic value of spirometry and IOS for identifying SADs in heavy-smokers and COPD based on the objective assessment with EB-OCT. Methods: We recruited 59 COPD patients (stage I, n=17; stage II, n=18; stage III–IV, n=24), 26 heavy-smokers and 21 never-smokers. Assessments of clinical characteristics, spirometry, IOS and EB-OCT were performed. Receiver operation ...
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14. Bronchial Thermoplasty-Induced Acute Airway Effects Assessed with Optical Coherence Tomography in Severe Asthma
  
  Explore Karger Publishers Aug 21 2018 Pulmonology
  
  Background: Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is an endoscopic treatment for severe asthma targeting airway smooth muscle (ASM) with radiofrequent energy. Although implemented worldwide, the effect of BT treatment on the airways is unclear. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel imaging technique, based on near-infrared light, that generates high-resolution cross-sectional airway wall images. Objective: To assess the safety and feasibility of OCT in severe asthma patients and determine acute airway effects of BT by OCT and compare these to the untreated right middle lobe (RML). Methods: Severe asthma patients were treated with BT (TASMA trial). During the third BT procedure, OCT ...
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  Mentions: Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam Daniël M. de Bruin Jan D'hooge
15. Upper airway reconstruction using long‐range optical coherence tomography: Effects of airway curvature on airflow resistance
  
  Explore Wiley Online Library Jul 27 2018 Pulmonology
  
  Objectives Adenotonsillectomy (AT) is commonly used to treat upper airway obstruction in children, but selection of patients who will benefit most from AT is challenging. The need for diagnostic evaluation tools without sedation, radiation, or high costs has motivated the development of long‐range optical coherence tomography (LR‐OCT), providing real‐time cross‐sectional airway imaging during endoscopy. Since the endoscope channel location is not tracked in conventional LR‐OCT, airway curvature must be estimated and may affect predicted airway resistance. The study objective was to assess effects of three realistic airway curvatures on predicted airway resistance using computational fluid ...
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  Mentions: Zhongping Chen UC Irvine Brian J. F. Wong
16. Upper airway imaging in sleep-disordered breathing
  
  Explore Home - Springer May 5 2018 Pulmonology
  
  Our understanding of sleep-disordered breathing has evolved considerably over the past three decades, and clinical techniques of evaluation have progressed tremendously. Myriad imaging techniques are now available for the physician to approach the dynamic features resulting in turbulent airflow, upper airway narrowing or collapse at different levels. Controversy exists in the choice of investigations, probably because the best evaluation should be a combination of different techniques. Physical, radiographic, endoscopic and acoustic evaluations could be integrated to understand the degree and the levels of airway reduction and/or obstruction in a given patient. This review focuses on cost-effective and easily implemented ...
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17. Needle-based Optical Coherence Tomography to Guide Transbronchial Lymph Node Biopsy
  
  Explore LWW Online Apr 26 2018 Pulmonology
  
  Background: Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA), often used to sample lymph nodes for lung cancer staging , is subject to sampling error even when performed with endobronchial ultrasound. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution imaging modality that rapidly generates helical cross-sectional images. We aim to determine if needle-based OCT can provide microstructural information in lymph nodes that may be used to guide TBNA, and improve sampling error. Methods: We performed ex vivo needle-based OCT on thoracic lymph nodes from patients with and without known lung cancer. OCT imaging features were compared against matched histology. Results: OCT imaging was performed in 26 ...
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  Mentions: Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard University Melissa J. Suter
18. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of dynamic airway behavior in an asthma model
  
  Explore SPIE Digital Library Mar 20 2018 Pulmonology
  
  To better understand bronchoconstriction in asthma, it is critical to dynamically visualize airway behavior in vivo. However, currently available imaging techniques do not have sufficient temporal and spatial resolution to investigate airway dynamics. We propose to use endobronchial Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) to provide real-time cross-sectional images of airway dynamics with a high spatial resolution. Our aim was to study the structure and function of spatially distinct airways during tidal breathing (TB), breath-holds (BH) at end inspiration, and in a response to single deep inspiration (DI) and multiple DI (MDI) in a preclinical sheep asthma model. Anesthetized and mechanically ventilated ...
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  Mentions: Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard University Melissa J. Suter
19. A study of the effects of supine position and fluid intake on normal airway geometry using anatomical optical coherence tomography
  
  Explore SPIE Digital Library Mar 20 2018 Pulmonology
  
  Airway inhalation injuries are present in up to a third of all major burns patients and are the leading cause of mortality among this population. Understanding the mechanism of injury could minimise oedema (swelling) and airway damage. In this study, we present an anatomical OCT (aOCT) imaging system, based on a 1300-nm wavelength, high-speed, long-range MEMS-VCSEL swept laser source, for real-time volumetric imaging and assessment of inhalation injuries in airways up to 3 cm in diameter. A custom fibre-optic probe with GRIN lens and micro prism is inserted though the nasal passage. Airway cross-sectional images acquired are used to assess ...
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  Mentions: David D. Sampson University of Western Australia Robert A. McLaughlin
20. Multimodal imaging of lung tissue dynamics in mechanically ventilated rats with optical coherence tomography and intravital microscopy
  
  Explore SPIE Digital Library Mar 20 2018 Pulmonology
  
  The understanding of alveolar mechanics is an essential step towards new and more protective ventilation strategies which are of dare need for the treatment of diseases of lung tissue and the airways. Such ailments become a major task for medical care and health care systems in modern industrial countries in the future. Besides the obvious importance as life-saving intervention, the mechanical strain and processes on the level of gas exchange are still insufficiently understood. Therefore, it is of great interest to characterize lung tissue and tissue dynamics during artificial ventilation at the alveolar level. 4D Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in ...
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  Mentions: Dresden University of Technology Edmund Koch
21. Optical coherence tomography and autofluorescence microscopy of respiratory ciliated epithelia
  
  Explore SPIE Digital Library Mar 20 2018 Pulmonology
  
  Efficient mucociliary clearance is necessary to protect the respiratory tract from infection. Mucociliary dysfunction is common in respiratory diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis. Rescuing mucociliary clearance by stimulating the metabolism of respiratory ciliated epithelia could offer new treatments for respiratory diseases. However, the coupling between cellular metabolism and mechanical output in respiratory ciliated epithelia is poorly understood. We propose to study this coupling with autofluorescence microscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT), to measure cellular metabolism and ciliary motility, respectively. The autofluorescent metabolic co-enzymes NAD(P)H and FAD provide non-invasive measures of metabolism through the ...
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  Mentions: Yale University Vanderbilt University Michael A. Choma
22. Early Cancer Detection (Book Chapter)
  
  Explore European Respiratory Society Dec 8 2017 Pulmonology , Textbooks
  
  Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide as the majority of patient shave advanced disease at diagnosis. Detection and early treatment of pre-invasive and minimally invasive lung cancer can significantly improve the current 5-year survival of <18%, Endoscopic optical imaging (such as autoflourescence imaging), NBI, and OCT provide sensitive means to rapidly scan the central airways , in order to detect early lung cancer for biopsy confirmation and delineation of the extent of the tumor spread to guide treatment.
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  Mentions: British Columbia Cancer Agency Stephen Lam
23. Optical Coherence Tomography: A Review (Book Chapter)
  
  Explore Home - Springer Nov 28 2017 Pulmonology , Textbooks
  
  Optical coherence tomography (OCT), with polarization-sensitive (PS), Doppler, and autofluorescence (AF) capabilities, is emerging as a promising bronchoscopic diagnostic tool. In the upper and central airways, it allows accurate real-time airway measurements to assist bronchoscopic assessment of obstructive sleep apnea, severity of tracheomalacia, airway stenosis, or extent of tumor involvement into the bronchial wall or distally beyond the bronchoscopic view. OCT can visualize cellular and extracellular structures at and below the tissue surface with near histologic resolution as well as to provide three-dimensional imaging of the airways. Blood vessels in the bronchial wall or peribronchial space can be displayed using ...
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  Mentions: British Columbia Cancer Agency Stephen Lam
24. Real-Time Identification of In Situ Pulmonary Nodule and Pathology Using Optical Coherence Tomography
  
  Explore journalacs.org Nov 16 2017 Pulmonology
  
  The incidence of indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPN) and ground glass opacities (GGO) is increasing. Small IPN may be difficult to localize in the operating room using a minimally invasive approach. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) utilizes interference of light waves to provide high-resolution, cross-sectional images of the internal microstructure by measuring back-reflected light. This approach can deliver video rate images of tissue structure on the micron scale and can be used to identify nodules and provide realtime histology-like images without actual removal of tissue to detect lung lesions.
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  Mentions: Vanderbilt University Anita Mahadevan-Jansen
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