Pulmonology -Optical Coherence Tomography News

Articles in category: Pulmonology

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1. Ultra-High-Resolution (UHR) Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in the Upper Airways: Aspect of Combined High-Speed Films and UHR OCT in the Larynx
  
  Explore SciDoc Publishers Dec 21 2019 Pulmonology
  
  Aim: The present position paper discusses the possibilities of comparing the new ultra-high-resolution optical coherence tomography with high-speed films in order to optimize diagnosis of the phonating larynx. Method and Results: Till now setups of OCT have had too low frequencies for evaluating the phonating larynx in the clinic. This gives artefacts on the vocal folds movements. Ultra-high-resolution optical coherence tomography is therefore discussed, possibly combined with high speed films of 2000 frames per second of the vocal folds (Richard Wolf GmbH). The UHR OCT setup is based on a supercontinuum source from NKT Photonics. The system imaging depth and ...
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2. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with acute respiratory failure on the ICU
  
  Explore European Respiratory Journal Nov 29 2019 Pulmonology
  
  Introduction: Differentiating ARDS from other forms of respiratory failure can be difficult. By advancing an optic fiber through a diagnostic bronchoscope, followed by an automatic pullback mechanism, OCT enables real-time 3D imaging of the alveolar compartment and peripheral airways. Aim: To investigate feasibility of bronchoscopic OCT, and to describe different OCT patterns of the alveolar compartment in mechanically ventilated patients. Methods: Observational study of OCT imaging in mechanically ventilated patients for non-resolving acute respiratory failure with an indication for diagnostic bronchoscopy. Results: 9 patients were included with clinical features of acute respiratory failure and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates not fully explained ...
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  Mentions: Daniël M. de Bruin
3. Small airway dilation visualized by optical coherence tomography (OCT) correlates with the diagnosis of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD)
  
  Explore European Respiratory Journal Nov 26 2019 Pulmonology
  
  Background: Small airways and the surrounding tissue of the lung allograft are often affected by pathological processes including acute cellular rejection (ACR), infections and different phenotypes of CLAD. OCT with superior resolution but shallow penetration, allows the visualization of these structures in contrast to routine radiographic imaging. Methods: We studied 54 lung transplant (LTx) recipients with OCT imaging during surveillance (n=36) or event (n=19) bronchoscopies. Volumetric images of 3 segmental airways were collected from each patient. OCT features were scored by 4 raters blinded to the clinical status of LTx recipients. Pearson correlation coefficients (R) were used to ...
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4. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) detects collagen within the airway wall extracellular matrix
  
  Explore European Respiratory Journal Nov 26 2019 Pulmonology
  
  Introduction: Airway diseases are characterized by structural airway remodeling, including extracellular matrix (ECM) changes. Although a key feature, no diagnostic test currently assesses airway remodeling other than invasive airway biopsies. Real-time optical coherence tomography (OCT) generates infrared-based cross-sectional images of airway segments. Previously we reported that OCT identifies and quantifies airway wall layers. We hypothesized that OCT is able to detect collagen deposition areas within the airway wall ECM. Methods: In 5 lobectomy specimens 13 airways were dissected, marked with needles for matching histology and imaged by OCT. Sections were stained for total collagen (TC; pico sirius red) and collagen ...
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  Mentions: Daniël M. de Bruin
5. Excess mucus viscosity and airway dehydration impact COPD airway clearance
  
  Explore European Respiratory Journal Nov 8 2019 Pulmonology
  
  The mechanisms by which cigarette smoking impairs airway mucus clearance are not well understood. We recently established a ferret model of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibiting chronic bronchitis. We investigated the effects of cigarette smoke on mucociliary transport (MCT). Adult ferrets were exposed to cigarette smoke for 6 months, with in vivo mucociliary clearance (MCC) measured by Tc-labeled DTPA (Tc-DTPA) retention. Excised tracheae were imaged with micro-optical coherence tomography. Mucus changes in primary human airway epithelial cells and ex vivo ferret airways were assessed by histology and particle tracking microrheology. Linear mixed models for repeated measures identified ...
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  Mentions: Guillermo J. Tearney Johns Hopkins University Massachusetts General Hospital
6. Advances in Optical Coherence Tomography and Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy in Pulmonary Diseases
  
  Explore Karger Publishers Oct 14 2019 Pulmonology
  
  Diagnosing and monitoring pulmonary diseases is highly dependent on imaging, physiological function tests and tissue sampling. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) are novel imaging techniques with near-microscopic resolution that can be easily and safely combined with conventional bronchoscopy. Disease-related pulmonary anatomical compartments can be visualized, real time, using these techniques. In obstructive lung diseases, airway wall layers and related structural remodelling can be identified and quantified. In malignant lung disease, normal and malignant areas of the central airways, lung parenchyma, lymph nodes and pleura can be discriminated. A growing number of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) have ...
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  Mentions: Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam
7. Co-cultured microfluidic model of the airway optimized for microscopy and micro-optical coherence tomography imaging
  
  Explore OSA | OSA Publishing Oct 7 2019 Pulmonology
  
  We have developed a human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell and endothelial cell co-cultured microfluidic model to mimic the in vivo human airway. This airway-on-a-chip was designed with a central epithelial channel and two flanking endothelial channels, with a three-dimensional monolayers of cells growing along the four walls of the channel, forming central clear lumens. These cultures mimic airways and microvasculature in vivo . The central channel cells are grown at air-liquid interface and show features of airway differentiation including tight-junction formation, mucus production, and ciliated cells. Combined with novel micro-optical coherence tomography, this chip enables functional imaging of the interior of ...
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  Mentions: Guillermo J. Tearney Massachusetts General Hospital University of Alabama
8. Endoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography for Assessing Inhalation Airway Injury: A Technical Review
  
  Explore OMICS Group Sep 14 2019 Otolaryngology , Pulmonology
  
  Diagnosis of inhalation injury has been clinically challenging. Currently, assessment of inhalation injury relies on subjective clinical exams and bronchoscopy, which provides little understanding of tissue conditions and results in limited prognostics. Endoscopic Optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology has been recently utilized in the airway for direct assessment of respiratory tract disorders and injuries. Endoscopic OCT is capable of capturing highresolution images of tissue morphology 1-3 mm beneath the surface as well as the complex 3D anatomical shape. Previous studies indicate that changes in airway histopathology can be found in the OCT image almost immediately after inhalation of smoke and ...
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  Mentions: Zhongping Chen UC Irvine Matthew Brenner
9. University of Alabama Receives NIH Grant for Clinical and Translational Core.
  
  Explore Optical Coherence Tomography News Aug 13 2019 Pulmonology , Funding
  
  University of Alabama Receives a 2019 NIH Grant for $225,529 for Clinical and Translational Core. The principal investigator is Steven Rowe. Below is a summary of the proposed work. Experimental techniques that require measurements in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and tissues have demonstrated clear utility in CF science. Such capabilities have enabled advances including important contributions to our understanding of basic aspects of disease pathogenesis, characterization of novel therapeutics directed towards CF ion transport defects, and the evaluation of CFTR modulators in human subjects. The purpose of Core C is to provide resources, expertise, and support to a wide ...
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  Mentions: University of Alabama
10. University of Alabama Receives NIH Grant for Cell Model Evaluation Core.
  
  Explore Optical Coherence Tomography News Aug 13 2019 Pulmonology , Funding
  
  University of Alabama Receives a 2019 NIH Grant for $241,719 for Cell Model Evaluation Core. The principal investigator is Bradford Woodworth. Below is a summary of the proposed work. A Well-differentiated primary human airway epithelial cells and the assays that can be used with them are an instrumental model for understanding epithelial biology and are highly predictive of in vivo results in clinical trials. Primary cells can be used with methodologies that translate readily to assays of airway function in vivo, including measures of CFTR activity or other ion transporters, airway surface liquid depth and mucus hydration, and mucus ...
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  Mentions: University of Alabama
11. Intranasal micro-optical coherence tomography imaging for cystic fibrosis studies
  
  Explore Science Translational Medicine Aug 8 2019 Pulmonology
  
  Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Although impairment of mucociliary clearance contributes to severe morbidity and mortality in people with CF, a clear understanding of the pathophysiology is lacking. This is, in part, due to the absence of clinical imaging techniques capable of capturing CFTR-dependent functional metrics at the cellular level. Here, we report the clinical translation of a 1-μm resolution micro-optical coherence tomography (μOCT) technology to quantitatively characterize the functional microanatomy of human upper airways. Using a minimally invasive intranasal imaging approach, we performed a clinical ...
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  Mentions: Guillermo J. Tearney Massachusetts General Hospital University of Alabama
12. New intra-nasal imaging technique allows researchers to study airways in patients with cystic fibrosis
  
  Explore Massachusetts General Hospital Home Aug 8 2019 Pulmonology
  
  A paper published today in Science Translational Medicine describes a simple, minimally invasive new tool for viewing differences in the nasal airways of cystic fibrosis patients in vivo at a cellular level. The new technique provides high-resolution images of the hair-like structures called cilia that line nasal airways as well as detailed features of the clearance of mucus, which is impaired in people with CF, causing significant morbidity. The imaging catheter, which is about 2-millimeters in diameter, uses optical coherence tomography with a resolution of about 1 micrometer — a 50th the size of a human hair — allowing researchers to probe ...
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  Mentions: Guillermo J. Tearney Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard University
13. Innovative tool gives researchers new look at the nasal airway in CF patients
  
  Explore uab.edu Aug 7 2019 Pulmonology
  
  A paper published today in Science Translational Medicine describes a simple, minimally invasive new tool for viewing differences in the nasal airways of cystic fibrosis patients in vivo at a cellular level. The new technique provides high-resolution images of the hair-like structures called cilia that line nasal airways as well as of the detailed features of the clearance of mucus, which is impaired in people with CF, causing significant morbidity. The imaging catheter, which is about 2 mm in diameter, uses optical coherence tomography with a resolution of about 1 micrometer — a 50th the size of a human hair — allowing ...
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  Mentions: Guillermo J. Tearney Massachusetts General Hospital University of Alabama
14. Massachusetts General Hospital Receives NIH Grant for Low Risk In Vivo Diagnosis of IPF with Optical Imaging
  
  Explore Optical Coherence Tomography News Aug 7 2019 Pulmonology , Funding
  
  Massachusetts General Hospital Receives a 2019 NIH Grant for $179,280 for Low Risk In Vivo Diagnosis of IPF with Optical Imaging. The principal investigator is Lida Hariri. Below is a summary of the proposed work. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, ultimately fatal form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis (IIP), with a 3 year survival rate of 0%. Diagnostic certainty of IPF is critical to patient management and therapeutic decision-making. Two new FDA-approved therapies, pirfenidone and nintedanib, have been shown to slow disease progression in IPF and brought new hope to IPF patients. Due to their high costs, side ...
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  Mentions: Massachusetts General Hospital Lida P. Hariri
15. Massachusetts General Hospital Receives NIH Grant for Assessing Airway Smooth Muscle Tone in Asthma with Endobroncial Optical Coherence Tomography
  
  Explore Optical Coherence Tomography News Aug 7 2019 Pulmonology , Funding
  
  Massachusetts General Hospital Receives a 2019 NIH Grant for $186,711 for Assessing Airway Smooth Muscle Tone in Asthma with Endobroncial Optical Coherence Tomography. The principal investigator is David Adams. Below is a summary of the proposed work. Asthma affects over 300 million individuals with up to an estimated 10% suffering from “treatment- resistant” asthma, for whom alternative strategies are needed. Airway smooth muscle (ASM) undergoes significant changes in asthma that increase bronchoconstriction and impair lung function. Treatments and therapies that target ASM specifically may therefore offer an alternative approach to controlling asthma, but progress is impeded by the difficulty ...
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  Mentions: Massachusetts General Hospital
16. Evaluation of the normal airway morphology using optical coherence tomography
  
  Explore CHEST Jul 6 2019 Pulmonology
  
  Background The anatomical location of small airways, the distribution of airway cartilage and their correlation with ageing have not been well elucidated. Objective To explore the morphological characteristics of small airways in vivo , and how airway structural changes correlate with age using endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT). Methods We recruited 112 subjects with peripheral pulmonary nodules. Participants underwent computed tomography, spirometry, and EB-OCT measurements. We measured the airway internal diamaeter (D mean ), inner area (Ai), airway wall area percentage (Aw%) and the thickness of airway cartilage. EB-OCT airway structural characteristics at different age intervals were analyzed, and the association between ...
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17. En-face optical coherence tomography/fluorescence endomicroscopy for minimally invasive imaging using a robotic scanner
  
  Explore SPIE Digital Library Jun 26 2019 Dermatology , Pulmonology
  
  We report a compact rigid instrument capable of delivering en-face optical coherence tomography (OCT) images alongside (epi)-fluorescence endomicroscopy (FEM) images by means of a robotic scanning device. Two working imaging channels are included: one for a one-dimensional scanning, forward-viewing OCT probe and another for a fiber bundle used for the FEM system. The robotic scanning system provides the second axis of scanning for the OCT channel while allowing the field of view (FoV) of the FEM channel to be increased by mosaicking. The OCT channel has resolutions of 25 / 60 μm (axial/lateral) and can provide en-face images with ...
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  Mentions: Imperial College London Adrian G. Podoleanu University of Kent
18. Localized compliance measurement of the airway wall using anatomic optical coherence elastography
  
  Explore OSA | OSA Publishing Jun 4 2019 Pulmonology
  
  We describe an elastographic method to circumferentially-resolve airway wall compliance using endoscopic, anatomic optical coherence tomography (aOCT) combined with an intraluminal pressure catheter. The method was first demonstrated on notched silicone phantoms of known elastic modulus under respiratory ventilation, where localized compliance measurements were validated against those predicted by finite element modeling. Then, ex vivo porcine tracheas were scanned, and the pattern of compliance was found to be consistent with histological identification of the locations of (stiff) cartilage and (soft) muscle. This quantitative method may aid in diagnosis and monitoring of collapsible airway wall tissues in obstructive respiratory disorders.
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  Mentions: Amy L. Oldenburg University of North Carolina
19. In vivo multifunctional optical coherence tomography at the periphery of the lungs
  
  Explore OSA | OSA Publishing Jun 4 2019 Pulmonology
  
  Remodeling of tissue, such as airway smooth muscle (ASM) and extracellular matrix, is considered a key feature of airways disease. No clinically accepted diagnostic method is currently available to assess airway remodeling or the effect of treatment modalities such as bronchial thermoplasty in asthma, other than invasive airway biopsies. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) generates cross-sectional, near-histological images of airway segments and enables identification and quantification of airway wall layers based on light scattering properties only. In this study, we used a custom motorized OCT probe that combines standard and polarization sensitive OCT (PS-OCT) to visualize birefringent tissue in vivo in ...
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  Mentions: Johannes F. de Boer VU University Amsterdam
20. Automatic Proximal Airway Volume Segmentation Using Optical Coherence Tomography for Assessment of Inhalation Injury
  
  Explore LWW Online Apr 18 2019 Pulmonology
  
  Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe form of acute lung injury with a mortality rate of up to 40%. Early management of ARDS has been difficult due to the lack of sensitive imaging tools and robust analysis software. We previously designed an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system to evaluate mucosa thickness (MT) post smoke inhalation, but the analysis relied on manual segmentation. The aim of this study is to assess in vivo proximal airway volume (PAV) after inhalation injury using automated OCT segmentation and correlate the PAV to lung function for rapid indication of ARDS. Methods Anesthetized ...
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  Mentions: Zhongping Chen UC Irvine Matthew Brenner
21. Geometric Validation of Continuous, Finely Sampled 3-D Reconstructions From aOCT and CT in Upper Airway Models
  
  Explore IEEE Xplore Apr 4 2019 Pulmonology
  
  Identification and treatment of obstructive airway disorders (OADs) are greatly aided by imaging of the geometry of the airway lumen. Anatomical optical coherence tomography (aOCT) is a promising high-speed and minimally invasive endoscopic imaging modality for providing micrometer-resolution scans of the upper airway. Resistance to airflow in OADs is directly caused by the reduction in luminal cross-sectional area (CSA). It is hypothesized that aOCT can produce airway CSA measurements as accurate as that from computed tomography (CT). Scans of machine hollowed cylindrical tubes were used to develop methods for segmentation and measurement of airway lumen in CT and aOCT. Simulated ...
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  Mentions: Amy L. Oldenburg University of North Carolina
22. MUcociliary Clearance IN Stroke
  
  Explore Home - ClinicalTrials.gov Mar 21 2019 Pulmonology , Clinical Trials
  
  Survival and functional outcome of stroke is strongly depending on the occurence of pneumonia (stroke-associated pneumonia, SAP). Early diagnose and treatment of SAP is paramount in the treatment of stroke patients. While dysphagia strongly contributes to its pathogenesis, recent years have also shown a strong risk-modulation by CNS injury induced immunosuppression, making stroke patients more susceptible to SAP. Additionally, murine models of stroke showed changes in mucociliary clearance as possible contributors to SAP. It remains unclear, whether structural integrity and mucociliary clearance of the respiratory epithel change in stroke patients, and whether these changes might contribute to the occurence of ...
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  Mentions: University of Lübeck
23. Optical Coherence Tomography for Assessment of the Treatment Effect of Tiotropium in Early Stage of COPD
  
  Explore Home - ClinicalTrials.gov Feb 15 2019 Pulmonology , Clinical Trials
  
  The study aims to explore the reversibility of airway remodeling by Endobronchial Optical Coherence Tomography (EB-OCT). In this study, EB-OCT is used to assess the treatment effect of Tiotropium in early stage of COPD. Investigators recruit COPD patients in Grade A and Grade C according to GOLD 2019. Patients in Grade A will begin to use Tiotropium once daily, and EB-OCT, pulmonary function test and chest CT will be performed in baseline, 6 months, 1 year and 2 year. Patients in Grade C will begin to use LABA+LAMA (including but not limited to Olodaterol / Tiotropium) or LAMA (Tiotropium) , same ...
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24. University of Alabama Receives NIH Grant for The Mechanisms Underlying Abnormal Mucus and Its Clearance in the Cystic Fibrosis Rat
  
  Explore Optical Coherence Tomography News Feb 5 2019 Pulmonology , Funding
  
  University of Alabama at Birmingham Receives a 2019 NIH Grant for $135,841 for The Mechanisms Underlying Abnormal Mucus and Its Clearance in the Cystic Fibrosis Rat. The principal investigator is Susan Birket. The program began in 2017 and ends in 2022. Below is a summary of the proposed work. Abnormal mucociliary clearance (MCC) is a critical component of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, especially in the presence of infection; however, the mechanisms responsible for the defect are not well understood. Until recently, evaluation of this question has been primarily limited to cell culture models which do not replicate the ...
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  Mentions: National Institutes of Health University of Alabama
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