Pulmonology -Optical Coherence Tomography News

Articles in category: Pulmonology

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1. Measuring Airway Remodeling in Patients with Different COPD Staging Using Endobronchial Optical Coherence Tomography
  
  Explore ScienceDirect Aug 16 2016 Pulmonology
  
  Background Although forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) remains the gold standard for staging COPD, the association between airway remodeling and airflow limitation remains unclear. Objective Endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT) was performed to assess the association between disorders of large- and medium-to-small-sized airways and COPD staging. We also evaluated small-airway architecture in heavy-smokers with normal FEV 1 (S NL ) and healthy never-smokers. Methods We recruited 48 COPD patients (stage Ⅰ, n=14; stage Ⅱ, n=15; stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, n=19), 21 S NL , and 17 healthy never-smokers. Smoking history inquiry, spirometry, chest computed tomography, bronchoscopy and EB-OCT ...
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  Mentions: Wei Wang
2. University of North Carolina Receives NIH Grant for Imaging Nanophysical Properties of Actively Transporting Bronchial Mucus
  
  Explore Optical Coherence Tomography News Aug 9 2016 Pulmonology , Funding
  
  University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Receives a 2016 NIH Grant for $234,624 for Imaging Nanophysical Properties of Actively Transporting Bronchial Mucus. The principal investigator is Amy Oldenburg. The program began in 2016 and ends in 2018. Below is a summary of the proposed work. Mucus coats the lung epithelium and traps thousands of pathogens that we inhale every day. Human bronchial epithelial (hBE) cells lining the lung have cilia that propel mucus via shear forces, a mechanism known as muco-ciliary transport (MCT). MCT acts to clear mucus, providing a primary defense against trapped pathogens. In respiratory diseases ...
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  Mentions: National Institutes of Health Amy L. Oldenburg University of North Carolina
3. Drs. Campbell, Hariri, and Lehman Receive 2016 LUNGevity Career Development Awards
  
  Explore cbs8.com Jul 18 2016 Oncology , Pulmonology , Funding
  
  Lida Hariri , MD, Massachusetts General Hospital, who will use a novel high-resolution imaging technique called Optical Coherence Tomography to perform virtual optical biopsies to determine its value in complementing tissue biopsies in the determination of early-stage lung cancer
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  Mentions: Vanderbilt University Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard University
4. New aspect for systemic effects of copd: Eye findings
  
  Explore Wiley Online Library Jul 13 2016 Ophthalmology , Pulmonology
  
  Introduction : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has multisystemic implications and comorbidities. Hypoxia and systemic inflammation are thought to involve oculary structures. In this study, our aim is to evaluate retinal nerve fiber and choroidal thickness and retinal vessel diameter using the Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in COPD subjects. Methods : 43 subjects diagnosed with COPD according to the Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria at the Pulmonology Department of Pamukkale University were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent respiratory function testing and a carbon monoxide diffusion test. To determine hypoxic state, arterial blood gas analysis was performed. The control group ...
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5. Yale University Receives NIH Grant for Quantitative Optical Imaging of Cilia-Driven Fluid Flow
  
  Explore Optical Coherence Tomography News Jun 7 2016 Pulmonology , Funding
  
  Yale University Receives a 2016 NIH Grant for $416,250 for Quantitative Optical Imaging of Cilia-Driven Fluid Flow. The principal investigator is Michael Choma. The program began in 2013 and ends in 2018. Below is a summary of the proposed work. Respiratory diseases are major causes of pediatric morbidity and mortality. These diseases are incompletely understood, which is a barrier to improving clinical care. Therefore, new mechanisms of disease need to be discovered. Optical imaging (e.g. optical coherence tomography [OCT]) will enable these discoveries since traditional imaging (e.g. x-ray, CT, MRI) cannot visualize structures smaller than ~1 mm ...
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  Mentions: National Institutes of Health Yale University Michael A. Choma
6. Johns Hopkins University Receives NIH Grant for Micro Coherence Imaging Technology for Assessing Obstructive Lung Disease In Vivo
  
  Explore Optical Coherence Tomography News Jun 7 2016 Pulmonology , Funding
  
  Johns Hopkins University Receives a 2016 NIH Grant for $746,856 for Micro Coherence Imaging Technology for Assessing Obstructive Lung Disease In Vivo. The principal investigator is Robert Brown. The program began in 2014 and ends in 2019. Below is a summary of the proposed work. This Biomedical Research Partnership (BRP) proposal involves a partnership among a biomedical engineering team, a pulmonary physiology team, and a clinical pulmonary medicine team. This research program will incorporate state of the art optical engineering, advanced in vivo physiologic evaluation, and direct application to human obstructive lung diseases (OLD). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is ...
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  Mentions: Johns Hopkins University National Institutes of Health
7. In vivo imaging of airway cilia and mucus clearance with micro-optical coherence tomography
  
  Explore OSA | OSA Publishing Jun 2 2016 Pulmonology
  
  We have designed and fabricated a 4 mm diameter rigid endoscopic probe to obtain high resolution micro-optical coherence tomography (µOCT) images from the tracheal epithelium of living swine. Our common-path fiber-optic probe used gradient-index focusing optics, a selectively coated prism reflector to implement a circular-obscuration apodization for depth-of-focus enhancement, and a common-path reference arm and an ultra-broadbrand supercontinuum laser to achieve high axial resolution. Benchtop characterization demonstrated lateral and axial resolutions of 3.4 μm and 1.7 μm, respectively (in tissue). Mechanical standoff rails flanking the imaging window allowed the epithelial surface to be maintained in focus without disrupting ...
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  Mentions: Guillermo J. Tearney Massachusetts General Hospital University of Alabama
8. Bronchoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography As A Low Risk Method For Microscopic Diagnosis Of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
  
  Explore Home (thoracic) May 9 2016 Pulmonology
  
  Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progress, fatal form of insterstitial lung disease (IDL)....
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  Mentions: Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard University Melissa J. Suter
9. Validation of Human Small Airway Measurements Using Endobronchial Optical Coherence Tomography
  
  Explore CHEST Journal Apr 21 2016 Pulmonology
  
  PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT) in assessing small airways morphology in vivo. METHODS: Twelve patients with pulmonary nodules scheduled for lung resection underwent spirometry, multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and EB-OCT. We measured Dmean (mean luminal diameter), Ai (inner luminal area), Aw (airway wall area) and Aw% [Aw/(Ai+Aw) ×100%] from the 3rd to 5th generation bronchi of RB9 segment by MDCT. Dmean, Ai, Aw and Aw% from the 3rd to 9th generation bronchi of RB9 segment were measured by EB-OCT and histology. The correlations of these 4 parameters, measured by the three methods ...
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  Mentions: University of Maryland
10. Optical Coherence Tomography of Pulmonary Arterial Walls in Humans and Pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus)
  
  Explore ingentaconnect.com Mar 29 2016 Pulmonology
  
  Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disorder characterized by progressive elevation of the pulmonary pressures that, in the absence of therapy, results in chronic right-heart failure and premature death. The vascular pathology of PAH is characterized by progressive loss of small (diameter, less than 50 μm) peripheral pulmonary arteries along with abnormal medial thickening, neointimal formation, and intraluminal narrowing of the remaining pulmonary arteries. Vascular pathology correlates with disease severity, given that hemodynamic effects and disease outcomes are worse in patients with advanced compared with lower-grade lesions. Novel imaging tools are urgently needed that demonstrate the extent of vascular ...
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11. Early lung cancer detection, mucosal, and alveolar imaging
  
  Explore LWW Online Mar 19 2016 Pulmonology
  
  Purpose of review: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Early detection is essential for long-term survival. Screening of high-risk individuals with low-dose computed tomography screening has proven to increase survival. However, current radiological imaging techniques have poor specificity for lung cancer detection and poor sensitivity for detection of mucosal or alveolar preinvasive malignant lesions. Bronchoscopy allows imaging and sampling of early lung cancer, with the highest safety profile and high diagnostic accuracy. Recent findings: Available technologies, such as autofluorescence bronchoscopy, narrow band imaging, and radial ultrasound bronchoscopy can significantly increase the yield and diagnostic accuracy of ...
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  Mentions: The Ohio State University
12. Combination Therapy with Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Modulators Augment the Airway Functional Microanatomy
  
  Explore ajplung.physiology.org Mar 13 2016 Pulmonology
  
  Recently approved therapies that modulate CFTR function have shown significant clinical benefit, but recent investigations regarding their molecular mechanism when used in combination have not been consistent with clinical results. We employed Micro-Optical Coherence Tomography (µOCT) as a novel means to assess the mechanism of action of CFTR modulators, focusing on the effects on mucociliary clearance. Primary human airway monolayers from patients with a G551D mutation responded to ivacaftor treatment with increased ion transport, airway surface liquid depth, ciliary beat frequency, and mucociliary transport rate, in addition to decreased effective viscosity of the mucus layer, a unique mechanism established by ...
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  Mentions: Guillermo J. Tearney Johns Hopkins University Emory University
13. Automatic airway wall segmentation and thickness measurement for long-range optical coherence tomography images
  
  Explore OSA | OSA Publishing Jan 7 2016 Otolaryngology , Pulmonology
  
  We present an automatic segmentation method for the delineation and quantitative thickness measurement of multiple layers in endoscopic airway optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. The boundaries of the mucosa and the sub-mucosa layers are accurately extracted using a graph-theory-based dynamic programming algorithm. The algorithm was tested with sheep airway OCT images. Quantitative thicknesses of the mucosal layers are obtained automatically for smoke inhalation injury experiments.
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  Mentions: Zhongping Chen UC Irvine Cuixia Dai
14. Long-Range Optical Coherence Tomography of the Neonatal Upper Airway for Early Diagnosis of Intubation-related Subglottic Injury
  
  Explore Home (thoracic) Dec 16 2015 Pulmonology
  
  Rationale: Subglottic edema and acquired subglottic stenosis are potentially airway-compromising sequelae in neonates following endotracheal intubation. At present, no imaging modality is capable of in vivo diagnosis of subepithelial airway wall pathology as signs of intubation-related injury. Objectives: To use Fourier domain long-range optical coherence tomography (LR-OCT) to acquire micrometer-resolution images of the airway wall of intubated neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit setting and to analyze images for histopathology and airway wall thickness. Methods: LR-OCT of the neonatal laryngotracheal airway was performed a total of 94 times on 72 subjects (age, 1–175 d; total intubation, 1–104 ...
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  Mentions: Zhongping Chen UC Irvine Brian J. F. Wong
15. Sex Differences in Airway Remodeling in a Mouse Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  
  Explore Home (thoracic) Nov 29 2015 Pulmonology
  
  Rationale: Adjusting for the amount of smoking, women have a 50% increased risk of COPD compared with men. It is not known what the anatomic basis/mechanism(s) of these sex-related differences in COPD might be. Objective: To characterize the impact of female sex hormones on chronic cigarette smoke-induced airway remodeling and emphysema in a mouse model of COPD. Methods: Airway remodeling and emphysema were determined morphometrically in male, female, and ovariectomized mice exposed to 6 months of cigarette smoke. Antioxidant- and transforming growth factor (TGFβ)-related genes were profiled in airway tissues. The selective estrogen receptor modulator, tamoxifen, was ...
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  Mentions: British Columbia Cancer Agency Stephen Lam Harvey O. Coxson
16. Validation of human small-airway measurements using endobronchial optical coherence tomography: an observational study
  
  Explore TheLancet.com Nov 3 2015 Pulmonology
  
  Background Small-airway remodelling is the cardinal pathological feature underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Identification of early-stage pathological changes is crucial for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of respiratory diseases. Our study aimed to investigate the usefulness of endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT) in assessment of small-airways morphology in patients with pulmonary nodules who were scheduled for lung resection surgery (four had COPD, four were smokers with normal lung function, and four were life-long non-smokers). Patients with respiratory diseases other than COPD were excluded. Methods 12 patients with pulmonary nodules scheduled for lung resection underwent spirometry, multidetector CT (MDCT), and ...
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  Mentions: Yu Chen Wei Wang
17. Reproducibility of optical coherence tomography airway imaging
  
  Explore OSA | OSA Publishing Oct 14 2015 Pulmonology
  
  Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising imaging technique to evaluate small airway remodeling. However, the short-term insertion-reinsertion reproducibility of OCT for evaluating the same bronchial pathway has yet to be established. We evaluated 74 OCT data sets from 38 current or former smokers twice within a single imaging session. Although the overall insertion-reinsertion airway wall thickness (WT) measurement coefficient of variation (CV) was moderate at 12%, much of the variability between repeat imaging was attributed to the observer; CV for repeated measurements of the same airway (intra-observer CV) was 9%. Therefore, reproducibility may be improved by introduction of automated ...
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  Mentions: University of British Columbia Stephen Lam Harvey O. Coxson
18. Endoscopic Doppler optical coherence tomography and autofluorescence imaging of peripheral pulmonary nodules and vasculature
  
  Explore OSA | OSA Publishing Sep 30 2015 Oncology , Pulmonology
  
  We present the first endoscopic Doppler optical coherence tomography and co-registered autofluorescence imaging (DOCT-AFI) of peripheral pulmonary nodules and vascular networks in vivo using a small 0.9 mm diameter catheter. Using exemplary images from volumetric data sets collected from 31 patients during flexible bronchoscopy, we demonstrate how DOCT and AFI offer complementary information that may increase the ability to locate and characterize pulmonary nodules. AFI offers a sensitive visual presentation for the rapid identification of suspicious airway sites, while co-registered OCT provides detailed structural information to assess the airway morphology. We demonstrate the ability of AFI to visualize vascular ...
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  Mentions: British Columbia Cancer Agency Stephen Lam Tawimas Shaipanich
19. Validation of human small airway measurements using endobronchial optical coherence tomography
  
  Explore Respiratory Medicine Sep 30 2015 Pulmonology
  
  Background Small airway remodeling is the cardinal feature underlying chronic airway diseases. There is no modality which identifies small airway pathological changes, which is crucial for early diagnosis, efficacy and prognostic assessment. Objective To evaluate the usefulness of endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT) in assessing small airways morphology in vivo . Methods Twelve patients with pulmonary nodules scheduled for lung resection underwent spirometry, multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) and EB-OCT. We measured D mean (mean luminal diameter), Ai (inner luminal area), Aw (airway wall area) and Aw% [Aw/(Ai + Aw) × 100%] from the 3rd to 5th generation bronchi of RB9 segment by ...
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  Mentions: University of Maryland Yu Chen Wei Wang
20. Spatiotemporal correlation of optical coherence tomography in-vivo images of rabbit airway for the diagnosis of edema
  
  Explore SPIE | Journal Jul 30 2015 Pulmonology
  
  Detection of an early stage of subglottic edema is vital for airway management and prevention of stenosis, a life-threatening condition in critically ill neonates. As an observer for the task of diagnosing edema in vivo , we investigated spatiotemporal correlation (STC) of full-range optical coherence tomography (OCT) images acquired in the rabbit airway with experimentally simulated edema. Operating the STC observer on OCT images generates STC coefficients as test statistics for the statistical decision task. Resulting from this, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the diagnosis of airway edema with full-range OCT in-vivo images were extracted and areas under ROC ...
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  Mentions: Zhongping Chen UC Irvine Brian J. F. Wong
21. University of Alabama at Birmingham Receives NIH Grant to Study Functional Anatomic Imaging of Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Early Lung Disease using Micro-OCT.
  
  Explore Optical Coherence Tomography News Jul 28 2015 Pulmonology , Funding
  
  The University of Alabama at Birmingham Receives a 2015 NIH Grant for $498,330 to Study Functional Anatomic Imaging of Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Early Lung Disease using Micro-OCT. The principal investigator is Steven Mark Rowe. The program began in 2012 and elndsi nin 2016. Below is a summary of the proposed work. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), an anion transporter of chloride and bicarbonate. Defective or deficient CFTR leads to severe mucoobstructive lung disease and severe morbidity and early mortality due to lung infections. Even though substantial advances in ...
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  Mentions: National Institutes of Health University of Alabama
22. Long Range Optical Coherence Tomography of the Neonatal Upper Airway for Early Diagnosis of Intubation-related Subglottic Injury
  
  Explore Home (thoracic) Jul 28 2015 Pulmonology
  
  Subglottic edema and acquired subglottic stenosis are potentially airway -compromising sequelae in neonates following endotracheal intubation . At present, no imaging modality is capable of in vivo diagnosis of subepithelial airway wall pathology as signs of intubation - related injury . OBJECTIVES: To use Fourier domain long - range optical coherence tomography (LR-OCT) to acquire micrometer-resolution images of the airway wall of intubated neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting and to analyze images for histopathology and airway wall thickness. METHODS: LR-OCT of the neonatal laryngotracheal airway was performed a total of 94 times on 72 subjects (age 1-175 days, total intubation ...
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  Mentions: Zhongping Chen UC Irvine Brian J. F. Wong
23. Optical coherence tomography detects structural abnormalities of the nasal mucosa in patients with cystic fibrosis
  
  Explore Journal of Cystic Fibrosis Jul 28 2015 Pulmonology
  
  Background Chronic inflammation and remodeling of the airways remain a hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF). However, knowledge of the associated mucosal micro-anatomical changes is limited. We evaluated the potential of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for in vivo imaging of the upper airway mucosa in CF patients. Methods A flexible OCT probe was used for cross-sectional imaging of the nasal mucosa in 25 CF patients and 25 healthy controls. Results OCT images showed mucosal details including epithelium, basement membrane, lamina propria with seromucinous glands, and underlying cartilaginous structures. Mean nasal mucosa and epithelial layer thickness were increased in CF compared to ...
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  Mentions: University of Heidelberg
24. Optical Coherence Tomography of Pulmonary Arterial Walls in Humans and Pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus)
  
  Explore ingentaconnect.com Jul 6 2015 Pulmonology
  
  Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disorder characterized by progressive elevation of the pulmonary pressures that, in the absence of therapy, results in chronic right-heart failure and premature death. The vascular pathology of PAH is characterized by progressive loss of small (diameter, less than 50 μm) peripheral pulmonary arteries along with abnormal medial thickening, neointimal formation, and intraluminal narrowing of the remaining pulmonary arteries. Vascular pathology correlates with disease severity, given that hemodynamic effects and disease outcomes are worse in patients with advanced compared with lower-grade lesions. Novel imaging tools are urgently needed that demonstrate the extent of vascular ...
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  Mentions: Stanford University University of British Columbia
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