All Articles from Gerhard Garhofer -Optical Coherence Tomography News

Articles from Gerhard Garhofer

1-21 of 21
1. Plexus-Specific Effect of Flicker-Light Stimulation on the Retinal Microvasculature Assessed with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
  
  Explore American Physiological Society Journal Dec 6 2020 Ophthalmology
  
  In neural tissues, the coupling between neural activity and blood flow is a physiological key principle in blood flow regulation. We used optical coherence tomography angiography to investigate stimulus-evoked hemodynamic responses in different microvascular layers of the human retina. Twenty-two healthy subjects were included. Vessel density before and during light stimulation was measured using optical coherence tomography angiography and assessed for the superficial, intermediate and deep capillary plexus of the retinal circulation. Volumetric blood flow was measured using a custom-built Doppler optical coherence tomography system. Our results show that flicker stimulation induced a significant increase in the vessel density of ...
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2. The Association between Tear Film Thickness as Measured with OCT and Symptoms and Signs of Dry Eye Disease: A Pooled Analysis of 6 Clinical Trials
  
  Explore MDPI Open Access Journals Platform Dec 1 2020 Ophthalmology
  
  Purpose: To determine the association between tear film thickness (TFT) as measured with ultra-high resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) and signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED). Methods: A total of 450 eyes from 225 patients with DED from six different randomized clinical trials were included in this pooled analysis. In all subjects, TFT was measured with a custom-built UHR-OCT system. Symptoms of DED were quantified using a standardized Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSD)I questionnaire and clinical signs including tear film break up time (TFBUT) and Schirmer I test were assessed. Associations of the average TFT with OSDI ...
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3. Approaches to quantify optical coherence tomography angiography metrics
  
  Explore Home Nov 29 2020
  
  Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has revolutionized the field of ophthalmology in the last three decades. As an OCT extension, OCT angiography (OCTA) utilizes a fast OCT system to detect motion contrast in ocular tissue and provides a three-dimensional representation of the ocular vasculature in a non-invasive, dye-free manner. The first OCT machine equipped with OCTA function was approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2016 and now it is widely applied in clinics. To date, numerous methods have been developed to aid OCTA interpretation and quantification. In this review, we focused on the workflow of OCTA-based interpretation, beginning ...
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  Mentions: FDA
4. Novel Approaches for Imaging-Based Diagnosis of Ocular Surface Disease
  
  Explore MDPI Open Access Journals Platform Aug 23 2020 Ophthalmology
  
  Imaging has become indispensable in the diagnosis and management of diseases in the posterior part of the eye. In recent years, imaging techniques for the anterior segment are also gaining importance and are nowadays routinely used in clinical practice. Ocular surface disease is often synonymous with dry eye disease, but also refers to other conditions of the ocular surface, such as Meibomian gland dysfunction or keratitis and conjunctivitis with different underlying causes, i.e., allergies or infections. Therefore, correct differential diagnosis and treatment of ocular surface diseases is crucial, for which imaging can be a helpful tool. A variety of ...
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  Mentions: Medical University of Vienna Singapore Eye Research Institute Nanyang Technological University
5. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy
  
  Explore MDPI Open Access Journals Platform Jun 10 2020
  
  Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that disrupts the retinal microvasculature and is a leading cause of vision loss globally. Recently, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has been developed to image the retinal microvasculature, by generating 3-dimensional images based on the motion contrast of circulating blood cells. OCTA offers numerous benefits over traditional fluorescein angiography in visualizing the retinal vasculature in that it is non-invasive and safer; while its depth-resolved ability makes it possible to visualize the finer capillaries of the retinal capillary plexuses and choriocapillaris. High-quality OCTA images have also enabled the visualization of features ...
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  Mentions: Medical University of Vienna Singapore Eye Research Institute Nanyang Technological University
6. Cutaneous optical coherence tomography for longitudinal volumetric assessment of intradermal volumes in a mouse model
  
  Explore Nature Publishing Group Mar 10 2020 Dermatology
  
  Clinical evaluation of skin lesions requires precise and reproducible technologies for their qualitative and quantitative assessment. In this study, we investigate the applicability of a custom-built dermatologic OCT system for longitudinal assessment of intradermal volumes in a mouse model. The OCT, based on an akinetic swept laser working at 1310 nm was employed for visualization and quantification of intradermal deposits of three different hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel formulations – one commercial and two test substances. Hydrogels were applied in 22 BALB/c mice, and measurements were performed over a six-month time period. All hydrogels increased in volume within the first weeks and ...
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  Mentions: Medical University of Vienna Singapore Eye Research Institute Nanyang Technological University
7. Changes in Retinal Blood Flow in Response to an Experimental Increase in IOP in Healthy Participants as Assessed With Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography
  
  Explore IOVS Journal Feb 26 2020 Ophthalmology
  
  Purpose : Blood flow autoregulation is an intrinsic mechanism of the healthy retinal vasculature to keep blood flow constant when ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) is changed. In the present study, we set out to investigate retinal blood flow in response to an experimental decrease in OPP in healthy participants using Doppler optical coherence tomography. Methods : Fifteen healthy participants aged between 22 and 31 years (mean, 27 ± 3 years) were included in the present open study. IOP was increased stepwise via the suction cup method to induce a decrease in OPP. Retinal blood flow in arteries and veins was assessed using a ...
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  Mentions: Rainer A. Leitgeb Medical University of Vienna Singapore Eye Research Institute
8. Deep learning segmentation for optical coherence tomography measurements of the lower tear meniscus
  
  Explore OSA | OSA Publishing Feb 26 2020 Ophthalmology
  
  The tear meniscus contains most of the tear fluid and therefore is a good indicator for the state of the tear film. Previously, we used a custom-built optical coherence tomography (OCT) system to study the lower tear meniscus by automatically segmenting the image data with a thresholding-based segmentation algorithm (TBSA). In this report, we investigate whether the results of this image segmentation algorithm are suitable to train a neural network in order to obtain similar or better segmentation results with shorter processing times. Considering the class imbalance problem, we compare two approaches, one directly segmenting the tear meniscus (DSA), the ...
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  Mentions: Duke University Medical University of Vienna Singapore Eye Research Institute
9. Characterization of dry eye disease in a mouse model by optical coherence tomography and fluorescein staining
  
  Explore OSA | OSA Publishing Aug 31 2019 Ophthalmology
  
  A custom-built ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) system and fluorescein staining were employed for investigation of a scopolamine induced dry eye mouse model. Acquired data was used to evaluate common and complementary findings of the two modalities. Central corneal thickness as measured by UHR-OCT increased significantly over the study period of 24 hours, from 89.0 ± 3.57 µm to 92.2 ± 4.07 µm. Both techniques were able to show corneal lesions with a large range of severity. Localized fluorescein staining was detected in 5% and diffuse staining in 45% of cases where no epithelial damage was visible with ...
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  Mentions: Duke University Medical University of Vienna Singapore Eye Research Institute
10. Automatic assessment of tear film and tear meniscus parameters in healthy subjects using ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography
  
  Explore OSA | OSA Publishing May 14 2019 Ophthalmology
  
  Many different parameters exist for the investigation of tear film dynamics. We present a new tear meniscus segmentation algorithm which automatically extracts tear meniscus area (TMA), height (TMH), depth (TMD) and radius (TMR) from UHR-OCT measurements and apply it to a data set including repeated measurements from ten healthy subjects. Mean values and standard deviations are 0.0174 ± 0.007 mm 2 , 0.272 ± 0.069 mm, 0.191 ± 0.049 mm and 0.309 ± 0.123 mm for TMA, TMH, TMD and TMR, respectively. A significant correlation was found between all respective tear meniscus parameter pairs (all p < 0 ...
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  Mentions: Medical University of Vienna Singapore Eye Research Institute Angelika Unterhuber
11. Ultrahigh‐resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography for analysis of corneal microarchitecture during wound healing
  
  Explore Wiley Online Library Feb 19 2019 Ophthalmology
  
  Purpose To employ ultrahigh‐resolution (UHR) optical coherence tomography (OCT) for investigation of the early wound healing process in corneal epithelium. Methods A custom‐built UHR‐OCT system assessed epithelial healing in human keratoconic cornea after epi‐off crosslinking (CXL) procedure and a wound healing model in rabbits with iatrogenic corneal injury. 3D OCT data sets enhanced obtaining epithelial thickness maps and evaluation of reepithelization stage. Accompanying changes in deeper corneal microarchitecture were analysed. Results The mean central corneal thickness in 40 eyes with keratoconus at baseline was 482.7 ± 38.2 μ m, while mean central epithelial thickness (CET) was ...
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  Mentions: Angelika Unterhuber
12. Ultrahigh-resolution OCT imaging of the human cornea
  
  Explore OSA | OSA Publishing Feb 22 2017 Ophthalmology
  
  We present imaging of corneal pathologies using optical coherence tomography (OCT) with high resolution. To this end, an ultrahigh-resolution spectral domain OCT (UHR-OCT) system based on a broad bandwidth Ti:sapphire laser is employed. With a central wavelength of 800 nm, the imaging device allows to acquire OCT data at the central, paracentral and peripheral cornea as well as the limbal region with 1.2 µm x 20 µm (axial x lateral) resolution at a rate of 140 000 A-scans/s. Structures of the anterior segment of the eye, not accessible with commercial OCT systems, are visualized. These include corneal ...
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  Mentions: Medical University of Vienna Singapore Eye Research Institute
13. Effect of different lubricant eye gels on tear film thickness as measured with ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography
  
  Explore Wiley Online Library Dec 18 2016 Ophthalmology
  
  Purpose To compare the effect of a single drop of different lubricant eye gels on tear film thickness (TFT) as measured with ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) in patients with mild-to-moderate dry eye disease (DED). Methods The study followed a randomized, single-masked, observer-blinded parallel group design. Patients received a single dose of either unpreserved trehalose 3% + hyaluronic acid 0.15% (TH), hyaluronic acid 0.2% (HA) or polyethylene glycol 0.4% + propylene glycol 0.3% (PP) eye drops. In total, 60 patients were included and TFT was measured using a custom-built UHR-OCT system. Results The mean TFT at baseline was ...
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14. Estimating Retinal Blood Flow Velocities by Optical Coherence Tomography
  
  Explore JAMA Network Aug 4 2016 Ophthalmology
  
  Importance While optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography has been considered to evaluate retinal capillary blood flow instead of fluorescein angiography, the reflectance pattern of blood vessels on structural OCT might also provide retinal capillary flow data in the absence of fluorescein angiography. This potential has been insufficiently explored, despite promising data concerning a possible relationship between the reflectance pattern of blood vessels and their perfusion velocity in a laboratory setting. Objective To evaluate the potential of retinal blood flow velocity estimation by structural OCT. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional observational study conducted from June to November 2015 at a tertiary ...
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  Mentions: Medical University of Vienna University of Graz
15. Measurement of Retinal Vascular Caliber From Optical Coherence Tomography Phase Images
  
  Explore IOVS Journal Jul 13 2016 Ophthalmology
  
  Purpose : To compare retinal vessel calibers extracted from phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) images with vessel calibers as obtained from the Retinal Vessel Analyzer (RVA). Methods : Data from previously published studies in 13 healthy subjects breathing room air ( n = 214 vessels) and 7 subjects breathing 100% oxygen ( n = 101 vessels) were used. Vessel calibers from OCT phase images were measured vertically along the optical axis by three independent graders. The data from RVA fundus images were corrected for magnification to obtain absolute values. Results : The average vessel diameter as obtained from OCT images during normoxia was lower than from RVA ...
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  Mentions: Medical University of Vienna
16. In vivo tear film thickness measurement and tear film dynamics visualization using spectral domain optical coherence tomography
  
  Explore OSA | OSA Publishing Aug 13 2015 Ophthalmology
  
  Dry eye syndrome is a highly prevalent disease of the ocular surface characterized by an instability of the tear film. Traditional methods used for the evaluation of tear film stability are invasive or show limited repeatability. Here we propose a new non-invasive fully automated approach to measure tear film thickness based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography and on an efficient delay estimator. Silicon wafer phantom were used to validate the thickness measurement. The technique was applied in vivo in healthy subjects. Series of tear film thickness maps were generated, allowing for the visualization of tear film dynamics. Our results ...
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  Mentions: Medical University of Vienna Angelika Unterhuber
17. Blood flow velocity vector field reconstruction from dual-beam bidirectional Doppler OCT measurements in retinal veins
  
  Explore opticsinfobase.org Apr 6 2015
  
  In this paper, we demonstrate the possibility to reconstruct the actual blood flow velocity vector field in retinal microvessels from dual-beam bidirectional Doppler optical coherence tomography measurements. First, for a better understanding of measured phase patterns, several flow situations were simulated on the basis of the known dual beam measurement geometry. We were able to extract the vector field parameters that determine the measured phase pattern, allowing for the development of an algorithm to reconstruct the velocity vector field from measured phase data. In a next step, measurements were performed at a straight vessel section and at a venous convergence ...
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  Mentions: Rainer A. Leitgeb Medical University of Vienna
18. Effect of hyaluronic acid on tear film thickness as assessed with ultra-high resolution optical coherence tomography
  
  Explore Wiley Online Library Jan 21 2015 Ophthalmology
  
  Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a single drop of hyaluronic acid on tear film thickness (TFT) in healthy subjects. Methods Sixteen healthy subjects (eight male/eight female) aged between 20 and 36 years were included in this randomized, double-masked placebo-controlled study. One eye received a single dose of hyaluronic acid (Olixia pure ® ; Croma Pharma, Korneuburg, Austria) eye drops, and the fellow eye received physiologic saline solution as placebo control. The study eye was chosen randomly. TFT as measured with a custom-built Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) system was the main outcome variable and ...
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  Mentions: Medical University of Vienna Angelika Unterhuber
19. Measurement of retinal blood flow in the rat by combining Doppler Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography with fundus imaging
  
  Explore SPIE | Journal Oct 18 2014
  
  A wide variety of ocular diseases are associated with abnormalities in ocular circulation. As such, there is considerable interest in techniques for quantifying retinal blood flow, among which Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT) may be the most promising. We present an approach to measure retinal blood flow in the rat using a new optical system that combines the measurement of blood flow velocities via Doppler Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography and the measurement of vessel diameters using a fundus camera-based technique. Relying on fundus images for extraction of retinal vessel diameters instead of OCT images improves the reliability of the technique ...
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  Mentions: Rainer A. Leitgeb Medical University of Vienna
20. Measurement of the total retinal blood flow using dual beam Fourier-domain Doppler optical coherence tomography with orthogonal detection planes
  
  Explore opticsinfobase.org Jan 28 2014 Ophthalmology
  
  We present a system capable of measuring the total retinal blood flow using a combination of dual beam Fourier-domain Doppler optical coherence tomography with orthogonal detection planes and a fundus camera-based retinal vessel analyzer. Our results show a high degree of conformity of venous and arterial flows, which corroborates the validity of the measurements. In accordance with Murray’s law, the log-log regression coefficient between vessel diameter and blood flow was found to be ~3. The blood’s velocity scaled linearly with the vessel diameter at higher diameters (> 60 µm), but showed a clear divergence from the linear dependence at ...
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  Mentions: Rainer A. Leitgeb Medical University of Vienna
21. Measurement of Absolute Blood Flow Velocity and Blood Flow in the Human Retina by Dual-beam Bidirectional Doppler Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
  
  Explore iovs.org Aug 15 2012 Ophthalmology
  
  Purpose The present experiments were undertaken to evaluate the validity of absolute flow velocity measurements using a dual-beam bidirectional Doppler Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) system. Methods The flow velocities of diluted milk through a glass capillary were measured at 30 different preset velocities in the range of 0.9 to 39.3 mm/s by bidirectional Doppler FD-OCT. The flow through the capillary was controlled by two infusion pumps working in different flow ranges and based on different technical principles. In vivo the validity of the method for measuring blood flow in retinal vessels was tested at bifurcations. The ...
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  Mentions: Rainer A. Leitgeb Medical University of Vienna
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