All Articles from Stephan Jonas -Optical Coherence Tomography News

Articles from Stephan Jonas

1-6 of 6
1. Visualizing flow in an intact CSF network using optical coherence tomography: implications for human congenital hydrocephalus
  
  Explore Nature Publishing Group Apr 20 2019 Developmental Biology , Neurology
  
  Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in the brain ventricles is critical for brain development. Altered CSF flow dynamics have been implicated in congenital hydrocephalus (CH) characterized by the potentially lethal expansion of cerebral ventricles if not treated. CH is the most common neurosurgical indication in children effecting 1 per 1000 infants. Current treatment modalities are limited to antiquated brain surgery techniques, mostly because of our poor understanding of the CH pathophysiology. We lack model systems where the interplay between ependymal cilia, embryonic CSF flow dynamics and brain development can be analyzed in depth. This is in part due to the poor ...
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  Mentions: Yale University
2. Analysis of Craniocardiac Malformations in Xenopus using Optical Coherence Tomography : Scientific Reports
  
  Explore Nature Publishing Group Feb 14 2017 Cardiology , Developmental Biology
  
  Birth defects affect 3% of children in the United States. Among the birth defects, congenital heart disease and craniofacial malformations are major causes of mortality and morbidity. Unfortunately, the genetic mechanisms underlying craniocardiac malformations remain largely uncharacterized. To address this, human genomic studies are identifying sequence variations in patients, resulting in numerous candidate genes. However, the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis for most candidate genes are unknown. Therefore, there is a need for functional analyses in rapid and efficient animal models of human disease. Here, we coupled the frog Xenopus tropicalis with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) to create a fast and ...
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  Mentions: Yale University Michael A. Choma
3. Quantitative optical coherence tomography imaging of intermediate flow defect phenotypes in ciliary physiology and pathophysiology
  
  Explore SPIE | Journal Mar 11 2015
  
  Cilia-driven fluid flow is a critical yet poorly understood aspect of pulmonary physiology. Here, we demonstrate that optical coherence tomography-based particle tracking velocimetry can be used to quantify subtle variability in cilia-driven flow performance in Xenopus , an important animal model of ciliary biology. Changes in flow performance were quantified in the setting of normal development, as well as in response to three types of perturbations: mechanical (increased fluid viscosity), pharmacological (disrupted serotonin signaling), and genetic (diminished ciliary motor protein expression). Of note, we demonstrate decreased flow secondary to gene knockdown of kif3a , a protein involved in ciliogenesis, as well as ...
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  Mentions: Yale University Michael A. Choma
4. Microfluidic Phenotyping of Cilia-Driven Mixing for the Assessment of Respiratory Diseases
  
  Explore SpringerLink Home Mar 16 2012
  
  The function of ciliated surfaces to clear mucus from the respiratory system is important for many respiratory diseases and, therefore, has a high impact on public health. In this work, we present a quantitative method to evaluate mixing efficiency of cilia-driven microfluidic flow based on front line deformation as an integrated measurement of cilia function. So far, mixing efficiency has been used mainly for analyzing artificial cilia. Most of this work, however, was either bound to specific imaging modalities or done on simulated data. In this simulations, mixing efficiency has been quantified as the change in length of a virtual ...
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  Mentions: Yale University Michael A. Choma RWTH Aachen University
5. Feature Of The Week 2/12/12: Researchers at Yale University use OCT to Characterize Microfluidic Ciliary Induced Fluid Flow
  
  Explore Optical Coherence Tomography News Feb 12 2012 Developmental Biology
  
  Recently researchers at Yale University demonstrated a very novel application of optical coherence tomography using a Thorlabs OCT system. The research involved characterizing microfluidic flow of fluid driven by cilia. Below is a summary of this interesting novel application of OCT.Motile cilia are fingerlike projections from different epithelial surfaces that move in a periodic manner to generate directional fluid flow. For example, respiratory cilia generate a microfluidic-scale flow that moves pathogen and allergen-containing mucus out of the lungs. Defects in motile cilia lead to recurrent respiratory infections. Despite the importance of cilia in rare disease such as primary ciliary ...
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  Mentions: Thorlabs Yale University Michael A. Choma
6. Microfluidic characterization of cilia-driven fluid flow using optical coherence tomography-based particle tracking velocimetry
  
  Explore opticsinfobase.org Jun 22 2011 Developmental Biology , Pulmonology
  
  Motile cilia are cellular organelles that generate directional fluid flow across various epithelial surfaces including the embryonic node and respiratory mucosa. The proper functioning of cilia is necessary for normal embryo development and, for the respiratory system, the clearance of mucus and potentially harmful particulate matter. Here we show that optical coherence tomography (OCT) is well-suited for quantitatively characterizing the microfluidic-scale flow generated by motile cilia. Our imaging focuses on the ciliated epithelium of Xenopus tropicalis embryos, a genetically manipulable and experimentally tractable animal model of human disease. We show qualitative flow profile characterization using OCT-based particle pathline imaging. We ...
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  Mentions: Yale University Michael A. Choma RWTH Aachen University
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